Skip to main content
Top

2017 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

A SpiNNaker Application: Design, Implementation and Validation of SCPGs

Authors : Brayan Cuevas-Arteaga, Juan Pedro Dominguez-Morales, Horacio Rostro-Gonzalez, Andres Espinal, Angel F. Jimenez-Fernandez, Francisco Gomez-Rodriguez, Alejandro Linares-Barranco

Published in: Advances in Computational Intelligence

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In this paper, we present the numerical results of the implementation of a Spiking Central Pattern Generator (SCPG) on a SpiNNaker board. The SCPG is a network of current-based leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neurons, which generates periodic spike trains that correspond to different locomotion gaits (i.e. walk, trot, run). To generate such patterns, the SCPG has been configured with different topologies, and its parameters have been experimentally estimated. To validate our designs, we have implemented them on the SpiNNaker board using PyNN and we have embedded it on a hexapod robot. The system includes a Dynamic Vision Sensor system able to command a pattern to the robot depending on the frequency of the events fired. The more activity the DVS produces, the faster that the pattern that is commanded will be.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Wu, Q., Liu, C., Zhang, J., Chen, Q.: Survey of locomotion control of legged robots inspired by biological concept. Sci. China Ser. F: Inf. Sci. 52(10), 1715–1729 (2009)CrossRefMATH Wu, Q., Liu, C., Zhang, J., Chen, Q.: Survey of locomotion control of legged robots inspired by biological concept. Sci. China Ser. F: Inf. Sci. 52(10), 1715–1729 (2009)CrossRefMATH
2.
go back to reference Ijspeert, A.J.: Central pattern generators for locomotion control in animals and robots: a review. Neural Netw. 21(4), 642–653 (2008)CrossRef Ijspeert, A.J.: Central pattern generators for locomotion control in animals and robots: a review. Neural Netw. 21(4), 642–653 (2008)CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Arena, P.: The central pattern generator: a paradigm for artificial locomotion. Soft. Comput. 4(4), 251–266 (2000)CrossRefMATH Arena, P.: The central pattern generator: a paradigm for artificial locomotion. Soft. Comput. 4(4), 251–266 (2000)CrossRefMATH
4.
go back to reference MacKay-Lyons, M.: Central pattern generation of locomotion: a review of the evidence. Phys. Ther. 82(1), 69–83 (2002)CrossRef MacKay-Lyons, M.: Central pattern generation of locomotion: a review of the evidence. Phys. Ther. 82(1), 69–83 (2002)CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Yu, J., Tan, M., Chen, J., Zhang, J.: A survey on CPG-inspired control models and system implementation. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst. 25(3), 441–456 (2014)CrossRef Yu, J., Tan, M., Chen, J., Zhang, J.: A survey on CPG-inspired control models and system implementation. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst. 25(3), 441–456 (2014)CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Lewis, M.A., Tenore, F., Etienne-Cummings, R.: CPG design using inhibitory networks. In: Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, ICRA 2005, pp. 3682–3687. IEEE (2005) Lewis, M.A., Tenore, F., Etienne-Cummings, R.: CPG design using inhibitory networks. In: Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, ICRA 2005, pp. 3682–3687. IEEE (2005)
7.
go back to reference Russell, A., Orchard, G., Etienne-Cummings, R.: Configuring of spiking central pattern generator networks for bipedal walking using genetic algorthms. In: IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, ISCAS 2007, pp. 1525–1528. IEEE (2007) Russell, A., Orchard, G., Etienne-Cummings, R.: Configuring of spiking central pattern generator networks for bipedal walking using genetic algorthms. In: IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, ISCAS 2007, pp. 1525–1528. IEEE (2007)
8.
go back to reference Espinal, A., Rostro-Gonzalez, H., Carpio, M., et al.: Quadrupedal robot locomotion: a biologically inspired approach and its hardware implementation. Comput. Intell. Neurosci. 2016, Article ID 5615618, 13 p. (2016). doi:10.1155/2016/5615618 Espinal, A., Rostro-Gonzalez, H., Carpio, M., et al.: Quadrupedal robot locomotion: a biologically inspired approach and its hardware implementation. Comput. Intell. Neurosci. 2016, Article ID 5615618, 13 p. (2016). doi:10.​1155/​2016/​5615618
9.
go back to reference Rostro-Gonzalez, H., Cerna-Garcia, P.A., Trejo-Caballero, G., Garcia-Capulin, C.H., Ibarra-Manzano, M.A., Avina-Cervantes, J.G., Torres-Huitzil, C.: A CPG system based on spiking neurons for hexapod robot locomotion. Neurocomputing 170, 47–54 (2015)CrossRef Rostro-Gonzalez, H., Cerna-Garcia, P.A., Trejo-Caballero, G., Garcia-Capulin, C.H., Ibarra-Manzano, M.A., Avina-Cervantes, J.G., Torres-Huitzil, C.: A CPG system based on spiking neurons for hexapod robot locomotion. Neurocomputing 170, 47–54 (2015)CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Espinal, A., Rostro-Gonzalez, H., Carpio, M., Guerra-Hernandez, E.I., Ornelas-Rodriguez, M., Sotelo-Figueroa, M.: Design of spiking central pattern generators for multiple locomotion gaits in hexapod robots by Christiansen grammar evolution. Front. Neurorobotics 10, 6 (2016). doi:10.3389/fnbot.2016.00006 Espinal, A., Rostro-Gonzalez, H., Carpio, M., Guerra-Hernandez, E.I., Ornelas-Rodriguez, M., Sotelo-Figueroa, M.: Design of spiking central pattern generators for multiple locomotion gaits in hexapod robots by Christiansen grammar evolution. Front. Neurorobotics 10, 6 (2016). doi:10.​3389/​fnbot.​2016.​00006
11.
go back to reference Maass, W.: Networks of spiking neurons: the third generation of neural network models. Neural Netw. 10(9), 1659–1671 (1997)CrossRef Maass, W.: Networks of spiking neurons: the third generation of neural network models. Neural Netw. 10(9), 1659–1671 (1997)CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Soula, H., Beslon, G., Mazet, O.: Spontaneous dynamics of asymmetric random recurrent spiking neural networks. Neural Comput. 18(1), 60–79 (2006)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Soula, H., Beslon, G., Mazet, O.: Spontaneous dynamics of asymmetric random recurrent spiking neural networks. Neural Comput. 18(1), 60–79 (2006)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
14.
go back to reference Abbott, L.F.: Lapicques introduction of the integrate-and-fire model neuron (1907). Brain Res. Bull. 50(5), 303–304 (1999)CrossRef Abbott, L.F.: Lapicques introduction of the integrate-and-fire model neuron (1907). Brain Res. Bull. 50(5), 303–304 (1999)CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Davison, A., Brderle, D., Eppler, J., Kremkow, J., Muller, E., Pecevski, D., Perrinet, L., Yger, P.: PyNN: a common interface for neuronal network simulators. Front. Neuroinf. 2, 11 (2009) Davison, A., Brderle, D., Eppler, J., Kremkow, J., Muller, E., Pecevski, D., Perrinet, L., Yger, P.: PyNN: a common interface for neuronal network simulators. Front. Neuroinf. 2, 11 (2009)
16.
go back to reference Painkras, E., Plana, L.A., Garside, J., Temple, S., Galluppi, F., Patterson, C., Lester, D.R., Brown, A.D., Furber, S.B.: SpiNNaker: a 1-w 18-core system-on-chip for massively-parallel neural network simulation. IEEE J. Solid-State Circ. 48(8), 1943–1953 (2013)CrossRef Painkras, E., Plana, L.A., Garside, J., Temple, S., Galluppi, F., Patterson, C., Lester, D.R., Brown, A.D., Furber, S.B.: SpiNNaker: a 1-w 18-core system-on-chip for massively-parallel neural network simulation. IEEE J. Solid-State Circ. 48(8), 1943–1953 (2013)CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Dominguez-Morales, J.P., Jimenez-Fernandez, A., Rios-Navarro, A., Cerezuela-Escudero, E., Gutierrez-Galan, D., Dominguez-Morales, M.J., Jimenez-Moreno, G.: Multilayer spiking neural network for audio samples classification using SpiNNaker. In: Villa, A.E.P., Masulli, P., Pons Rivero, A.J. (eds.) ICANN 2016. LNCS, vol. 9886, pp. 45–53. Springer, Cham (2016). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44778-0_6 CrossRef Dominguez-Morales, J.P., Jimenez-Fernandez, A., Rios-Navarro, A., Cerezuela-Escudero, E., Gutierrez-Galan, D., Dominguez-Morales, M.J., Jimenez-Moreno, G.: Multilayer spiking neural network for audio samples classification using SpiNNaker. In: Villa, A.E.P., Masulli, P., Pons Rivero, A.J. (eds.) ICANN 2016. LNCS, vol. 9886, pp. 45–53. Springer, Cham (2016). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-319-44778-0_​6 CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Rios-Navarro, A., Dominguez-Morales, J.P., Tapiador-Morales, R., Dominguez-Morales, M., Jimenez-Fernandez, A., Linares-Barranco, A.: A sensor fusion horse gait classification by a spiking neural network on SpiNNaker. In: Villa, A.E.P., Masulli, P., Pons Rivero, A.J. (eds.) ICANN 2016. LNCS, vol. 9886, pp. 36–44. Springer, Cham (2016). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44778-0_5 CrossRef Rios-Navarro, A., Dominguez-Morales, J.P., Tapiador-Morales, R., Dominguez-Morales, M., Jimenez-Fernandez, A., Linares-Barranco, A.: A sensor fusion horse gait classification by a spiking neural network on SpiNNaker. In: Villa, A.E.P., Masulli, P., Pons Rivero, A.J. (eds.) ICANN 2016. LNCS, vol. 9886, pp. 36–44. Springer, Cham (2016). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-319-44778-0_​5 CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Lichtsteiner, P., Posch, C., Delbruck, T.: A \(128 \times 128\) 120 dB 15 \(\mu \)s latency asynchronous temporal contrast vision sensor. IEEE J. Solid-State Circ. 43(2), 566–576 (2008)CrossRef Lichtsteiner, P., Posch, C., Delbruck, T.: A \(128 \times 128\) 120 dB 15 \(\mu \)s latency asynchronous temporal contrast vision sensor. IEEE J. Solid-State Circ. 43(2), 566–576 (2008)CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Serrano-Gotarredona, R., Oster, M., Lichtsteiner, P., Linares-Barranco, A., Paz-Vicente, R., Gómez-Rodríguez, F., Camuñas-Mesa, L., Berner, R., Rivas-Pérez, M., Delbruck, T., et al.: CAVIAR: A 45k neuron, 5M synapse, 12G connects/s AER hardware sensory-processing-learning-actuating system for high-speed visual object recognition and tracking. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. 20(9), 1417–1438 (2009)CrossRef Serrano-Gotarredona, R., Oster, M., Lichtsteiner, P., Linares-Barranco, A., Paz-Vicente, R., Gómez-Rodríguez, F., Camuñas-Mesa, L., Berner, R., Rivas-Pérez, M., Delbruck, T., et al.: CAVIAR: A 45k neuron, 5M synapse, 12G connects/s AER hardware sensory-processing-learning-actuating system for high-speed visual object recognition and tracking. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. 20(9), 1417–1438 (2009)CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Jiménez-Fernandez, A., Fuentes-del Bosh, J.L., Paz-Vicente, R., Linares-Barranco, A., Jiménez, G.: Neuro-inspired system for real-time vision sensor tilt correction. In: Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), pp. 1394–1397. IEEE (2010) Jiménez-Fernandez, A., Fuentes-del Bosh, J.L., Paz-Vicente, R., Linares-Barranco, A., Jiménez, G.: Neuro-inspired system for real-time vision sensor tilt correction. In: Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), pp. 1394–1397. IEEE (2010)
23.
go back to reference Linares-Barranco, A., Gómez-Rodríguez, F., Villanueva, V., Longinotti, L., Delbrück, T.: A USB3. 0 FPGA event-based filtering and tracking framework for dynamic vision sensors. In: 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), pp. 2417–2420. IEEE (2015) Linares-Barranco, A., Gómez-Rodríguez, F., Villanueva, V., Longinotti, L., Delbrück, T.: A USB3. 0 FPGA event-based filtering and tracking framework for dynamic vision sensors. In: 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), pp. 2417–2420. IEEE (2015)
Metadata
Title
A SpiNNaker Application: Design, Implementation and Validation of SCPGs
Authors
Brayan Cuevas-Arteaga
Juan Pedro Dominguez-Morales
Horacio Rostro-Gonzalez
Andres Espinal
Angel F. Jimenez-Fernandez
Francisco Gomez-Rodriguez
Alejandro Linares-Barranco
Copyright Year
2017
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59153-7_47

Premium Partner