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2020 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

A Transparent Network – Soldiers’ Digital Resistance and Economic Unrest

Author : Shira Rivnai Bahir

Published in: Social Media and the Armed Forces

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The current study offers several insights into the relationship between the features of digital activism and the ability of groups with limited protesting powers, such as soldiers in mandatory military service in Israel, to protest and promote social change. Moreover, it points to a unique configuration of collective identity, which is rooted not in organised collective action, but in a rhizomatic process taking place beneath the surface. The fragmented voices of these soldiers come together in the cybernetic sphere as a quasi-transparent net to form a canonical collective voice. This unique configuration seems to bridge the two existing concepts of digital activism, one of which tends to underestimate the importance of the collective, while the other believes that, despite the action of individuals, the group remains the dominant structure.

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Footnotes
1
See Varian and Repcheck 2010.
 
2
The Republican contract refers to an approach to citizenship, which considers the military service as defining citizenship and its boundaries and sees the IDF as a state apparatus for social inclusion and exclusion (Helman 1999; Shafir and Peled 2002; Sasson-Levy 2006; Levy et al. 2007).
 
3
The Defense Service Law (Consolidated Version), 5747–1986.
 
4
General Staff Ordinance (1990), Order 33.0116: Public action of military personnel, public statements and relations with journalists.
 
5
For example, the ‘Four mothers’ social movement led by soldiers’ mothers demanding a withdrawal of IDF forces from Lebanon, a movement led by families of war prisoners demanding their release, and a movement demanding to investigate training accidents and malfunctions led by soldiers’ families (Doron and Lebel 2004).
 
6
Appeal to the IDF: Rescind the ban on the participation of soldiers in demonstrations. Gili Cohen, Haaretz, 20.2.2014. The IDF changes the order: Soldiers will be allowed to attend civilian demonstrations. Gili Cohen, Haaretz, 18.07.2016.
 
7
General Order 8.0105: Public activity of military personnel, public statements, and relations with journalists, the public, and the senior state level.
 
8
The First Digital Revolt in the IDF, Gili Cohen and Amos Harel, 30.04.2014, Haaretz. This protest statement as well as the subsequent hashtags and comments were translated from Hebrew into English.
 
9
Soldiers Protest against the ‘Beard Revolution’ in the IDF. Yoav Zeitun, 18.06.2015, Ynet.
 
10
New Soldiers’ Protest on the Net: ‘Robbing Us of Our Days of Freedom’. Mor Levy, 21.03.2016, Mako.
 
11
Soldiers protest: ‘I’m poor, I live off my parents’. Gilad Morg, 12.11.2015, Ynet.
 
12
Chief of Staff on Giant Protest: ‘Facebook is Not a Commandment Tool’. Amir Bohbot, 01.05.2014, Walla.
 
13
IDF Spokesman: ‘There is no such thing as protests on Facebook in the IDF’. Li-Or Averbach, 01.05.2014, Globes.
 
14
Chief of Staff on Giant Protest: ‘Facebook is Not a Commandment Tool’. Amir Bohbot, 01.05.2014, Walla.
 
15
For example: The revenge on soldiers who got stuck in the fiery heat with no air conditioning: removal and confinement for a month. Yoav Zeitun, August 12, 2015, Ynet. The soldiers who protested on Facebook were ousted from the IDF. Rafi Jarby, 15.05.2015, Maariv.
 
16
Basic Law: Israel – The Nation-State of the Jewish People.
 
17
Proposed Basic Law: Israel – The Nation State of the Jewish People. Adalah, 16.07.2018.
 
18
General Staff Order 107.08:- Soldiers’ use of the Web.
 
19
Data monitoring used Buzilla software. http://​www.​buzilla.​com
 
20
An arena in which several posts and notifications are made daily.
 
21
More than 50 participants write in addition to the forum or page administrators.
 
22
Information was monitored in Buzilla, using a query that included reference to the search terms as well as the monitored sources, websites, dates, etc.
 
23
The relevance index is an index that orders the search results by their relevance to the query, based on topic salience, the existence of many the search terms, frequency of search terms, etc. This is a built-in index of Buzilla.
 
24
All data was translated into English.
 
25
The term yeshiva students refers to young ultra-Orthodox Jews in Israel who study in Jewish religious educational institutions (yeshiva).
 
26
The Defense Service Law (Consolidated Version), 5747 (1986).
 
27
See Stadler 2007.
 
28
As was detailed in the theoretical review of this contribution.
 
29
For more information, see Cheol Seong Jang et al. (2006).
 
30
Although Castells (2015) mentioned this concept in relation to social movements, a few decades earlier, Deleuze and Guattari (1987 [1980]) used this metaphor to describe their theoretical ideas on the formation of political thought. In this theory, the emphasis was on the absence of a central source in or a central direction to the plethora of distributed ideas. Similarly, Latour (1999, 19) used this concept to describe the characteristics of the Web as loose and changing. See also Jensen (2019).
 
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Metadata
Title
A Transparent Network – Soldiers’ Digital Resistance and Economic Unrest
Author
Shira Rivnai Bahir
Copyright Year
2020
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47511-6_10