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2011 | Book

Aerodynamics of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines Read chapter Read first chapter

Advances in Wind Energy Conversion Technology

Editors: Mathew Sathyajith, Geeta Susan Philip

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Book Series : Environmental Science and Engineering

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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About this book

With an annual growth rate of over 35%, wind is the fastest growing energy source in the world today. As a result of intensive research and developmental efforts, the technology of generating energy from wind has significantly changed during the past five years. The book brings together all the latest aspects of wind energy conversion technology - right from the wind resource analysis to grid integration of the wind generated electricity. The chapters are contributed by academic and industrial experts having vast experience in these areas. Each chapter begins with an introduction explaining the current status of the technology and proceeds further to the advanced lever to cater for the needs of readers from different subject backgrounds. Extensive bibliography/references appended to each chapter give further guidance to the interested readers.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Aerodynamics of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines
Abstract
This chapter reviews the aerodynamic characteristics of horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs). While the aerodynamics of wind turbine are relatively complicated in detail, the fundamental operational principle of a HAWT is that the action of the blowing wind produces aerodynamic forces on the turbine blades to rotate them, thereby capturing the kinetic energy contained in the wind and converting this energy into a rotation of the turbine’s shaft. The captured energy is transferred through a gearbox to an electrical power generator, which sends the power into the electrical grid system and so eventually to the consumer.
J. Gordon Leishman
Analysis of Wind Regimes and Performance of Wind Turbines
Abstract
With the present day’s energy crisis and growing environmental consciousness, the global perspective in energy conversion and consumption is shifting towards sustainable resources and technologies. This resulted in an appreciable increase in the renewable energy installations in different part of the world. For example, Wind power could register an annual growth rate over 25% for the past 7 years, making it the fastest growing energy source in the world. The global wind power capacity has crossed well above 160 GW today and several Multi-Megawatt projects-both on shore and offshore-are in the pipeline. Hence, wind energy is going to be the major player in realizing our dream of meeting at least 20% of the global energy demand by new-renewables by 2020.
Sathyajith Mathew, Geetha Susan Philip, Chee Ming Lim
Advances in Offshore Wind Resource Estimation
Abstract
Wind resource mapping is basically a meteorological time-series statistical analysis, to which the features of the landscape such as roughness, topography and local obstacles are integrated. The normal procedure is to use the WAsP program which is de facto standard for wind turbine siting]. The basic principle of the program is to solve the atmospheric flow equation using the logarithmic wind profile law and then to include the effects of the terrain. The optimal situation is to have accurate, long-term wind and turbulence observations from the height in the atmospheric boundary layer at the site where a wind farm is envisioned. This information provides the basis for wind resource mapping, identifying extreme conditions and wind load on the turbines.
Charlotte Bay Hasager, Merete Bruun Badger, Alfredo Peña, Jake Badger, Ioannis Antoniou, Morten Nielsen, Poul Astrup, Mike Courtney, Torben Mikkelsen
Short Term Forecast of Wind Power
Abstract
With the fast growth of wind energy worldwide, owners and operators of wind farms, transmission system operators, and energy traders need reliable forecasts of wind energy production covering some horizon into the future. The length of the horizon depends on the type of decisions which need to be taken on the basis of the forecast. Typically, focus has been on horizons from 12 to 36 h, at least when the production is traded on a day ahead market. However, other horizons are also relevant. For example, horizons up to 1 week are relevant for unit commitment. Shorter horizons, down to hours or minutes, are also relevant for wind farm operation.
Henrik Aalborg Nielsen
Analysis of Wind Turbine Loads
Abstract
The analysis of wind turbine loads is an important discipline within wind turbine technology. Though it is performed widely by the wind turbine industry and wind turbine certification institutes, it also plays an important role in wind energy research. The objectives of such an analysis can be quite different, as for example exploration of system dynamics, verification of design loads and validation of aerodynamic and aeroelastic models.
Helge Aagaard Madsen, Kenneth Thomsen
Power Regulation Strategies for Wind Turbines
Abstract
Wind energy has widely grown through the last two decades. Due to the significant increase of the number of wind turbines connected to the grid, new technologies aimed to assure power system quality and stability have become an important area for research and development. In particular, the design of advanced control techniques has recently emerged as a crucial issue for wind energy to penetrate into the electrical market. On the other hand, the need of more reliable control systems has become even more crucial with the increasing size of the machines and the related shift of their natural frequencies. As wind turbines become larger and more flexible, the design of innovative control strategies with load reduction as an explicit objective turns out to be more critical.
Mario Garcia-Sanz, Marta Barreras, Pablo Vital
Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Farms
Abstract
Offshore wind farms tend to become bigger and far from the onshore point of connection. The developers and the system operators are facing a number of technical, economical, and environmental challenges in transmitting the bulk power developed at these offshore wind farms over long distances. In this Chapter, some of these issues are discussed, giving emphasis to the basic system requirements along with various options for transmission and grid integration.
Lie Xu
Small Wind Turbines
Abstract
The recently released revision of the international safety standard for small wind turbines defines a small wind turbine as having a rotor swept area (equal to πR 2 where R is the radius of the blade tip) of less than 200 m2. This corresponds to R < 8 m and a rated power below about 50 kW. The standard also makes a further division: “micro” turbines have a swept area less than 2 m2 and rated power below about 500 W.
David Wood
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
Advances in Wind Energy Conversion Technology
Editors
Mathew Sathyajith
Geeta Susan Philip
Copyright Year
2011
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN
978-3-540-88258-9
Print ISBN
978-3-540-88257-2
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88258-9