Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Materials Science 27/2020

19-06-2020 | Electronic materials

All-inkjet-printed high-performance flexible MoS2 and MoS2-reduced graphene oxide field-effect transistors

Authors: Zhi Jiang, Kuan Xiao, Jin-Ju Chen, Yan Wang, Zhao-Quan Xu, Enrico Sowade, Reinhard R. Baumann, Evgeniya Sheremet, Raul D. Rodriguez, Zhe-Sheng Feng

Published in: Journal of Materials Science | Issue 27/2020

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been utilized to design flexible field-effect transistors (FETs) with promising performance. However, flexible FETs still face challenges with poor switching features and ultra-low drive current. In this paper, a facile and repeatable large-area integration process is presented for inkjet-printed FETs with 2D materials active channels and PI films as gate dielectrics. The MoS2 FETs reported here exhibit n-type channel feature with an outstanding average subthreshold swing of 75 mV/dec, an on-state/off-state current ratio of 104, and on-state current up to 10 μA at a power supply voltage of 3.0 V. Besides, MoS2–rGO FETs also exhibit n-type semiconductor features with good electrical properties by the inkjet-printing technology.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Sangwan VK, Arnold HN, Jariwala D, Marks TJ, Lauhon LJ, Hersam MC (2013) Low-frequency electronic noise in single-layer MoS2 transistors. Nano Lett 13:4351–4355 Sangwan VK, Arnold HN, Jariwala D, Marks TJ, Lauhon LJ, Hersam MC (2013) Low-frequency electronic noise in single-layer MoS2 transistors. Nano Lett 13:4351–4355
2.
go back to reference Wu C-C, Jariwala D, Sangwan VK, Marks TJ, Hersam MC, Lauhon LJ (2013) Elucidating the photoresponse of ultrathin MoS2 field-effect transistors by scanning photocurrent microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 4:2508–2513 Wu C-C, Jariwala D, Sangwan VK, Marks TJ, Hersam MC, Lauhon LJ (2013) Elucidating the photoresponse of ultrathin MoS2 field-effect transistors by scanning photocurrent microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 4:2508–2513
3.
go back to reference He Q, Zeng Z, Yin Z, Li H, Wu S, Huang X et al (2012) Fabrication of flexible MoS2 thin-film transistor arrays for practical gas-sensing applications. Small 8:2994–2999 He Q, Zeng Z, Yin Z, Li H, Wu S, Huang X et al (2012) Fabrication of flexible MoS2 thin-film transistor arrays for practical gas-sensing applications. Small 8:2994–2999
4.
go back to reference Xu H, Wu J, Feng Q, Mao N, Wang C, Zhang J (2014) High responsivity and gate tunable graphene-MoS2 hybrid phototransistor. Small 10:2300–2306 Xu H, Wu J, Feng Q, Mao N, Wang C, Zhang J (2014) High responsivity and gate tunable graphene-MoS2 hybrid phototransistor. Small 10:2300–2306
5.
go back to reference Liao F, Sheng Y, Guo Z, Tang H, Wang Y, Zong L et al (2019) MoS2 dual-gate transistors with electrostatically doped contacts. Nano Res 4:2478 Liao F, Sheng Y, Guo Z, Tang H, Wang Y, Zong L et al (2019) MoS2 dual-gate transistors with electrostatically doped contacts. Nano Res 4:2478
6.
go back to reference Tortorich RP, Choi J-W (2013) Inkjet printing of carbon nanotubes. Nanomaterials 3:453–468 Tortorich RP, Choi J-W (2013) Inkjet printing of carbon nanotubes. Nanomaterials 3:453–468
7.
go back to reference Yanagi K, Udoguchi H, Sagitani S, Oshima Y, Takenobu T, Kataura H et al (2010) Transport mechanisms in metallic and semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotube networks. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4:4027–4032 Yanagi K, Udoguchi H, Sagitani S, Oshima Y, Takenobu T, Kataura H et al (2010) Transport mechanisms in metallic and semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotube networks. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4:4027–4032
8.
go back to reference Kwon O-S, Kim H, Ko H, Lee J, Lee B, Jung C-H et al (2013) Fabrication and characterization of inkjet-printed carbon nanotube electrode patterns on paper. Carbon 58:116–127 Kwon O-S, Kim H, Ko H, Lee J, Lee B, Jung C-H et al (2013) Fabrication and characterization of inkjet-printed carbon nanotube electrode patterns on paper. Carbon 58:116–127
9.
go back to reference Kang J, Liu W, Sarkar D, Jena D, Banerjee K (2014) Computational study of metal contacts to monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenide semiconductors. Phys Rev X 4:031005 Kang J, Liu W, Sarkar D, Jena D, Banerjee K (2014) Computational study of metal contacts to monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenide semiconductors. Phys Rev X 4:031005
10.
go back to reference Acerce M, Voiry D, Chhowalla M (2015) Metallic 1T phase MoS2 nanosheets as supercapacitor electrode materials. Nat Nanotechnol 10:313–318 Acerce M, Voiry D, Chhowalla M (2015) Metallic 1T phase MoS2 nanosheets as supercapacitor electrode materials. Nat Nanotechnol 10:313–318
11.
go back to reference Radisavljevic B, Radenovic A, Brivio J, Giacometti V, Kis A (2011) Single-layer MoS2 transistors. Nat Nanotechnol 6:147–150 Radisavljevic B, Radenovic A, Brivio J, Giacometti V, Kis A (2011) Single-layer MoS2 transistors. Nat Nanotechnol 6:147–150
12.
go back to reference Chen P-C, Lin C-P, Hong C-J, Yang C-H, Lin Y-Y, Li M-Y et al (2018) Effective N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone wet cleaning for fabricating high-performance monolayer MoS2 transistors. Nano Res 12:303–308 Chen P-C, Lin C-P, Hong C-J, Yang C-H, Lin Y-Y, Li M-Y et al (2018) Effective N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone wet cleaning for fabricating high-performance monolayer MoS2 transistors. Nano Res 12:303–308
13.
go back to reference Yang P, Yang A-G, Chen L, Chen J, Zhang Y, Wang H et al (2019) Influence of seeding promoters on the properties of CVD grown monolayer molybdenum disulfide. Nano Res 12:823–827 Yang P, Yang A-G, Chen L, Chen J, Zhang Y, Wang H et al (2019) Influence of seeding promoters on the properties of CVD grown monolayer molybdenum disulfide. Nano Res 12:823–827
14.
go back to reference Li H, Yin Z, He Q, Li H, Huang X, Lu G et al (2012) Fabrication of single- and multilayer MoS2 film-based field-effect transistors for sensing NO at room temperature. Small 8:63–67 Li H, Yin Z, He Q, Li H, Huang X, Lu G et al (2012) Fabrication of single- and multilayer MoS2 film-based field-effect transistors for sensing NO at room temperature. Small 8:63–67
15.
go back to reference Lee K, Kim HY, Lotya M, Coleman JN, Kim GT, Duesberg GS (2011) Electrical characteristics of molybdenum disulfide flakes produced by liquid exfoliation. Adv Mater 23:4178–4182 Lee K, Kim HY, Lotya M, Coleman JN, Kim GT, Duesberg GS (2011) Electrical characteristics of molybdenum disulfide flakes produced by liquid exfoliation. Adv Mater 23:4178–4182
16.
go back to reference Late DJ, Huang Y-K, Liu B, Acharya J, Shirodkar SN, Luo J et al (2013) Sensing behavior of atomically thin-layered MoS2 transistors. ACS Nano 7:4879–4891 Late DJ, Huang Y-K, Liu B, Acharya J, Shirodkar SN, Luo J et al (2013) Sensing behavior of atomically thin-layered MoS2 transistors. ACS Nano 7:4879–4891
17.
go back to reference Chung JW, Ko YH, Hong YK, Song W, Jung C, Tang H et al (2014) Flexible nano-hybrid inverter based on inkjet-printed organic and 2D multilayer MoS2 thin film transistor. Org Electron 15:3038–3042 Chung JW, Ko YH, Hong YK, Song W, Jung C, Tang H et al (2014) Flexible nano-hybrid inverter based on inkjet-printed organic and 2D multilayer MoS2 thin film transistor. Org Electron 15:3038–3042
18.
go back to reference Shih CJ, Wang QH, Son Y, Jin Z, Blankschtein D, Strano MS (2014) Tuning on–off current ratio and field-effect mobility in a MoS2-graphene heterostructure via Schottky barrier modulation. ACS Nano 8:5790–5798 Shih CJ, Wang QH, Son Y, Jin Z, Blankschtein D, Strano MS (2014) Tuning on–off current ratio and field-effect mobility in a MoS2-graphene heterostructure via Schottky barrier modulation. ACS Nano 8:5790–5798
19.
go back to reference Walia S, Balendhran S, Wang Y, Ab Kadir R, Sabirin Zoolfakar A, Atkin P et al (2013) Characterization of metal contacts for two-dimensional MoS2 nanoflakes. Appl Phys Lett 103:232105 Walia S, Balendhran S, Wang Y, Ab Kadir R, Sabirin Zoolfakar A, Atkin P et al (2013) Characterization of metal contacts for two-dimensional MoS2 nanoflakes. Appl Phys Lett 103:232105
20.
go back to reference Pu J, Yomogida Y, Liu KK, Li LJ, Iwasa Y, Takenobu T (2012) Highly flexible MoS2 thin-film transistors with ion gel dielectrics. Nano Lett 12:4013–4017 Pu J, Yomogida Y, Liu KK, Li LJ, Iwasa Y, Takenobu T (2012) Highly flexible MoS2 thin-film transistors with ion gel dielectrics. Nano Lett 12:4013–4017
21.
go back to reference Castro HF, Sowade E, Rocha JG, Alpuim P, Lanceros-Méndez S, Baumann RR (2014) All-inkjet-printed bottom-gate thin-film transistors using UV curable dielectric for well-defined source-drain electrodes. J Electron Mater 43:2631–2636 Castro HF, Sowade E, Rocha JG, Alpuim P, Lanceros-Méndez S, Baumann RR (2014) All-inkjet-printed bottom-gate thin-film transistors using UV curable dielectric for well-defined source-drain electrodes. J Electron Mater 43:2631–2636
22.
go back to reference Castro HF, Sowade E, Rocha JG, Alpuim P, Machado AV, Baumann RR et al (2015) Degradation of all-inkjet-printed organic thin-film transistors with TIPS-pentacene under processes applied in textile manufacturing. Org Electron 22:12–19 Castro HF, Sowade E, Rocha JG, Alpuim P, Machado AV, Baumann RR et al (2015) Degradation of all-inkjet-printed organic thin-film transistors with TIPS-pentacene under processes applied in textile manufacturing. Org Electron 22:12–19
23.
go back to reference Sowade E, Mitra KY, Ramon E, Martinez-Domingo C, Villani F, Loffredo F et al (2016) Up-scaling of the manufacturing of all-inkjet-printed organic thin-film transistors: device performance and manufacturing yield of transistor arrays. Org Electron 30:237–246 Sowade E, Mitra KY, Ramon E, Martinez-Domingo C, Villani F, Loffredo F et al (2016) Up-scaling of the manufacturing of all-inkjet-printed organic thin-film transistors: device performance and manufacturing yield of transistor arrays. Org Electron 30:237–246
24.
go back to reference Li J, Naiini MM, Vaziri S, Lemme MC, Östling M (2014) Inkjet printing of MoS2. Adv Funct Mater 24:6524–6531 Li J, Naiini MM, Vaziri S, Lemme MC, Östling M (2014) Inkjet printing of MoS2. Adv Funct Mater 24:6524–6531
25.
go back to reference Li Q, Chen L, Gadinski MR, Zhang S, Zhang G, Li U et al (2015) Flexible high-temperature dielectric materials from polymer nanocomposites. Nature 523:576–579 Li Q, Chen L, Gadinski MR, Zhang S, Zhang G, Li U et al (2015) Flexible high-temperature dielectric materials from polymer nanocomposites. Nature 523:576–579
26.
go back to reference Akinwande D, Petrone N, Hone J (2014) Two-dimensional flexible nanoelectronics. Nat Commun 5:1–12 Akinwande D, Petrone N, Hone J (2014) Two-dimensional flexible nanoelectronics. Nat Commun 5:1–12
27.
go back to reference Nogi M, Komoda N, Otsuka K, Suganuma K (2013) Foldable nanopaper antennas for origami electronics. Nanoscale 5:4395–4399 Nogi M, Komoda N, Otsuka K, Suganuma K (2013) Foldable nanopaper antennas for origami electronics. Nanoscale 5:4395–4399
28.
go back to reference Gong C, Hinojos D, Wang W, Nijem N, Shan B, Wallace RM et al (2012) Metal graphene metal sandwich contacts for enhanced interface bonding and work function control. ACS Nano 6:5381–5387 Gong C, Hinojos D, Wang W, Nijem N, Shan B, Wallace RM et al (2012) Metal graphene metal sandwich contacts for enhanced interface bonding and work function control. ACS Nano 6:5381–5387
29.
go back to reference Zhong H, Quhe R, Wang Y, Ni Z, Ye M, Song Z et al (2016) Interfacial properties of monolayer and bilayer MoS2 contacts with metals: beyond the energy band calculations. Sci Rep 6:1–16 Zhong H, Quhe R, Wang Y, Ni Z, Ye M, Song Z et al (2016) Interfacial properties of monolayer and bilayer MoS2 contacts with metals: beyond the energy band calculations. Sci Rep 6:1–16
30.
go back to reference Yoon HS, Joe HE, Jun Kim S, Lee HS, Im S, Min BK et al (2015) Layer dependence and gas molecule absorption property in MoS2 Schottky diode with asymmetric metal contacts. Sci Rep 5:10440 Yoon HS, Joe HE, Jun Kim S, Lee HS, Im S, Min BK et al (2015) Layer dependence and gas molecule absorption property in MoS2 Schottky diode with asymmetric metal contacts. Sci Rep 5:10440
31.
go back to reference Yoo G, Lee S, Yoo B, Han C, Kim S, Oh MS (2015) Electrical contact analysis of multilayer MoS2 transistor with molybdenum source/drain electrodes. IEEE Electron Device Lett 36:1215–1218 Yoo G, Lee S, Yoo B, Han C, Kim S, Oh MS (2015) Electrical contact analysis of multilayer MoS2 transistor with molybdenum source/drain electrodes. IEEE Electron Device Lett 36:1215–1218
32.
go back to reference Wang J, Yan M, Zhao K, Liao X, Wang P, Pan X et al (2017) Field effect enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction of MoS2 nanosheets. Adv Mater 29:1604464 Wang J, Yan M, Zhao K, Liao X, Wang P, Pan X et al (2017) Field effect enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction of MoS2 nanosheets. Adv Mater 29:1604464
33.
go back to reference Voiry D, Fullon R, Yang J, de Carvalho Castro ESC, Kappera R, Bozkurt I et al (2016) The role of electronic coupling between substrate and 2D MoS2 nanosheets in electrocatalytic production of hydrogen. Nat Mater 15:1003–1009 Voiry D, Fullon R, Yang J, de Carvalho Castro ESC, Kappera R, Bozkurt I et al (2016) The role of electronic coupling between substrate and 2D MoS2 nanosheets in electrocatalytic production of hydrogen. Nat Mater 15:1003–1009
34.
go back to reference Tsai C, Abild-Pedersen F, Norskov JK (2014) Tuning the MoS2 edge-site activity for hydrogen evolution via support interactions. Nano Lett 14:1381–1387 Tsai C, Abild-Pedersen F, Norskov JK (2014) Tuning the MoS2 edge-site activity for hydrogen evolution via support interactions. Nano Lett 14:1381–1387
35.
go back to reference Liu Y, Guo J, Zhu E, Liao L, Lee SJ, Ding M et al (2018) Approaching the Schottky–Mott limit in van der Waals metal-semiconductor junctions. Nature 557:696–700 Liu Y, Guo J, Zhu E, Liao L, Lee SJ, Ding M et al (2018) Approaching the Schottky–Mott limit in van der Waals metal-semiconductor junctions. Nature 557:696–700
36.
go back to reference Su J, Feng L, Zhang Y, Liu Z (2016) The modulation of Schottky barriers of metal-MoS2 contacts via BN-MoS2 heterostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 18:16882–16889 Su J, Feng L, Zhang Y, Liu Z (2016) The modulation of Schottky barriers of metal-MoS2 contacts via BN-MoS2 heterostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 18:16882–16889
37.
go back to reference Léonard F, Talin AA (2011) Electrical contacts to one- and two-dimensional nanomaterials. Nat Nanotechnol 6:773–783 Léonard F, Talin AA (2011) Electrical contacts to one- and two-dimensional nanomaterials. Nat Nanotechnol 6:773–783
38.
go back to reference Wang D, Han D, West D, Chen N-K, Xie S-Y, Tian WQ et al (2019) Excitation to defect-bound band edge states in two-dimensional semiconductors and its effect on carrier transport. NPJ Comput Mater 5:8 Wang D, Han D, West D, Chen N-K, Xie S-Y, Tian WQ et al (2019) Excitation to defect-bound band edge states in two-dimensional semiconductors and its effect on carrier transport. NPJ Comput Mater 5:8
39.
go back to reference Bhattacharjee S, Ganapathi KL, Nath DN, Bhat N (2016) Surface state engineering of metal/MoS2 contacts using sulfur treatment for reduced contact resistance and variability. IEEE Trans Electron Devices 63:2556–2562 Bhattacharjee S, Ganapathi KL, Nath DN, Bhat N (2016) Surface state engineering of metal/MoS2 contacts using sulfur treatment for reduced contact resistance and variability. IEEE Trans Electron Devices 63:2556–2562
40.
go back to reference Jiang Z, Zhuang Y, Li C, Wang P (2016) Tunnel dielectric field-effect transistors with high peak-to-valley current ratio. J Electron Mater 46:1088–1092 Jiang Z, Zhuang Y, Li C, Wang P (2016) Tunnel dielectric field-effect transistors with high peak-to-valley current ratio. J Electron Mater 46:1088–1092
41.
go back to reference Jiang Z, Zhuang Y-Q, Li C, Wang P, Liu Y-Q (2017) Impact of low/high-κ spacer–source overlap on characteristics of tunnel dielectric based tunnel field-effect transistor. J Centr S Univ 24:2572–2581 Jiang Z, Zhuang Y-Q, Li C, Wang P, Liu Y-Q (2017) Impact of low/high-κ spacer–source overlap on characteristics of tunnel dielectric based tunnel field-effect transistor. J Centr S Univ 24:2572–2581
42.
go back to reference Ionescu AM, Riel H (2011) Tunnel field-effect transistors as energy-efficient electronic switches. Nature 479:329–337 Ionescu AM, Riel H (2011) Tunnel field-effect transistors as energy-efficient electronic switches. Nature 479:329–337
43.
go back to reference Jiang Z, Zhuang Y, Li C, Wang P, Liu Y (2016) Influence of trap-assisted tunneling on trap-assisted tunneling current in double gate tunnel field-effect transistor. Chin Phys B 25:027701 Jiang Z, Zhuang Y, Li C, Wang P, Liu Y (2016) Influence of trap-assisted tunneling on trap-assisted tunneling current in double gate tunnel field-effect transistor. Chin Phys B 25:027701
44.
go back to reference Rajamohanan B, Mohata D, Ali A, Datta S (2013) Insight into the output characteristics of III–V tunneling field effect transistors. Appl Phys Lett 102:092105 Rajamohanan B, Mohata D, Ali A, Datta S (2013) Insight into the output characteristics of III–V tunneling field effect transistors. Appl Phys Lett 102:092105
45.
go back to reference Shih CW, Chin A, Lu CF, Su WF (2016) Remarkably high mobility ultra-thin-film metal-oxide transistor with strongly overlapped orbitals. Sci Rep 6:19023 Shih CW, Chin A, Lu CF, Su WF (2016) Remarkably high mobility ultra-thin-film metal-oxide transistor with strongly overlapped orbitals. Sci Rep 6:19023
46.
go back to reference Wu TT, Huang WH, Yang CC, Chen HC, Hsieh TY, Lin WS et al (2017) High performance and low power monolithic three-dimensional sub-50 nm poly Si thin film transistor (TFTs) circuits. Sci Rep 7:1368 Wu TT, Huang WH, Yang CC, Chen HC, Hsieh TY, Lin WS et al (2017) High performance and low power monolithic three-dimensional sub-50 nm poly Si thin film transistor (TFTs) circuits. Sci Rep 7:1368
47.
go back to reference Liu W, Sarkar D, Kang J, Cao W, Banerjee K (2015) Impact of contact on the operation and performance of back-gated monolayer MoS2 field-effect-transistors. ACS Nano 9:7904–7912 Liu W, Sarkar D, Kang J, Cao W, Banerjee K (2015) Impact of contact on the operation and performance of back-gated monolayer MoS2 field-effect-transistors. ACS Nano 9:7904–7912
48.
go back to reference Lim YR, Han JK, Kim SK, Lee YB, Yoon Y, Kim SJ et al (2018) Roll-to-roll production of layer-controlled molybdenum disulfide: a platform for 2D semiconductor-based industrial applications. Adv Mater 30:1705270 Lim YR, Han JK, Kim SK, Lee YB, Yoon Y, Kim SJ et al (2018) Roll-to-roll production of layer-controlled molybdenum disulfide: a platform for 2D semiconductor-based industrial applications. Adv Mater 30:1705270
49.
go back to reference Alsaif MMYA, Chrimes AF, Daeneke T, Balendhran S, Bellisario DO, Son Y et al (2016) High-performance field effect transistors using electronic inks of 2D molybdenum oxide nanoflakes. Adv Funct Mater 26:91–100 Alsaif MMYA, Chrimes AF, Daeneke T, Balendhran S, Bellisario DO, Son Y et al (2016) High-performance field effect transistors using electronic inks of 2D molybdenum oxide nanoflakes. Adv Funct Mater 26:91–100
50.
go back to reference Yuan H, Cheng G, Yu S, Hight Walker AR, Richter CA, Pan M et al (2016) Field effects of current crowding in metal-MoS2 contacts. Appl Phys Lett 108:103505 Yuan H, Cheng G, Yu S, Hight Walker AR, Richter CA, Pan M et al (2016) Field effects of current crowding in metal-MoS2 contacts. Appl Phys Lett 108:103505
51.
go back to reference Kang J, Liu W, Banerjee K (2014) High-performance MoS2 transistors with low-resistance molybdenum contacts. Appl Phys Lett 104:093106 Kang J, Liu W, Banerjee K (2014) High-performance MoS2 transistors with low-resistance molybdenum contacts. Appl Phys Lett 104:093106
Metadata
Title
All-inkjet-printed high-performance flexible MoS2 and MoS2-reduced graphene oxide field-effect transistors
Authors
Zhi Jiang
Kuan Xiao
Jin-Ju Chen
Yan Wang
Zhao-Quan Xu
Enrico Sowade
Reinhard R. Baumann
Evgeniya Sheremet
Raul D. Rodriguez
Zhe-Sheng Feng
Publication date
19-06-2020
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Materials Science / Issue 27/2020
Print ISSN: 0022-2461
Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-04891-1

Other articles of this Issue 27/2020

Journal of Materials Science 27/2020 Go to the issue

Premium Partners