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Published in:
2012 | OriginalPaper | Chapter
An Enciphering Scheme Based on a Card Shuffle
Authors : Viet Tung Hoang, Ben Morris, Phillip Rogaway
Published in: Advances in Cryptology – CRYPTO 2012
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
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We introduce the
swap-or-not shuffle
and show that the technique gives rise to a new method to convert a pseudorandom function (PRF) into a pseudorandom permutation (PRP) (or, alternatively, to directly build a confusion/diffusion blockcipher). We then prove that swap-or-not has excellent quantitative security bounds, giving a Luby-Rackoff type result that ensures security (assuming an ideal round function) to a number of adversarial queries that is nearly the size of the construction’s domain. Swap-or-not provides a direct solution for building a small-domain cipher and achieving format-preserving encryption, yielding the best bounds known for a practical scheme for enciphering credit-card numbers. The analysis of swap-or-not is based on the theory of mixing times of Markov chains.