Top

Published in:

2013 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

3. An Overview of Measurement Techniques for Atmospheric Nitrous Acid

Author : Xianliang Zhou

Published in: Disposal of Dangerous Chemicals in Urban Areas and Mega Cities

Publisher: Springer Netherlands

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

An overview is given of all the spectroscopic and wet chemical used for atmospheric measurements of nitrous acid. The measurement precision and difficulties associated with the techniques are discussed.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

previous chapter NO2 Measurement Techniques: Pitfalls and New Developments

next chapter Assessment of HONO Measurements: The FIONA Campaign at EUPHORE

Acker K, Spindler G, Brüggemann E (2004) Nitrous and nitric acid measurements during the NTERCOMP2000 campaign in Melpitz. Atmos Environ 38:6497–6505CrossRef

Acker K, Febo A, Trick S, Perrino C, Bruno P, Wiesen P, Möller D, Wieprecht W, Auel R, Giusto M, Geyer A, Platt U, Allegrini I (2006) Nitrous acid in the urban area of Rome. Atmos Environ 40:3123–3133CrossRef

Acker K, Möller D, Wieprecht W, Meixner F, Bohn B, Gilge S, Plass-Dülmer C, Berresheim H (2006) Strong daytime production of OH from HNO₂ at rural mountain site. Geophys Res Lett 33. doi:10.1029/2005GL024643

Alicke B, Platt U, Stutz J (2002) Impact of nitrous acid photolysis on the total hydroxyl radical budget during the Limitation of Oxidant Production/Pianura Padana Produzione di Ozono study in Milan. J Geophys Res 107. doi:10.1029/2000JD000075

Alicke B, Geyer A, Hofzumahaus A, Holland F, Konrad S, Patz HW, Schafer J, Stutz J, Volz-Thomas A, Platt U (2003) OH formation by HONO photolysis during the BERLIOZ experiment. J Geophys Res 108. doi:10.1029/2001JD000579

Andres-Hernandez MD, Notholt J, Hjorth J, Schrems O (1996) A DOAS study on the origin of nitrous acid at urban and non-urban sites. Atmos Environ 30:175–180CrossRef

Beine HJ, Allegrini I, Sparapani R, Ianniello A, Valentini F (2001) Three years of springtime trace gas and particle measurements at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. Atmos Environ 35:645–3658CrossRef

Calvert JG, Yarwood G, Dunker AM (1994) An evaluation of the mechanism of nitrous acid formation in the urban atmosphere. Res Chem Intermed 20:463–502CrossRef

Dibb JE, Huey LG, Slusher DL, Tanner DJ (2004) Soluble reactive nitrogen oxides at South Pole during ISCAT 2000. Atmos Environ 38:5399–5409CrossRef

10.

Elshorbany YF, Kleffmann J, Kurtenbach R, Lissi E, Rubio M, Villena G, Gramsch E, Rickard AR, Pilling MJ, Wiesen P (2010) Seasonal dependence of the oxidation capacity of the city of Santiago de Chile. Atmos Environ 44:5383–5394CrossRef

11.

Febo A, Perrino C, Cortiello M (1993) A denuder technique for the measurement of nitrous acid in urban atmospheres. Atmos Environ 27:1721–1728CrossRef

12.

Febo A, Perrino C, Gherardi M, Sarapani R (1995) Evaluation of a high-purity and high stability continuous generation system for nitrous acid. Environ Sci Technol 29:2390–2395CrossRef

13.

Ferm M, Sjödin A (1985) A sodium carbonate coated denuder for determination of nitrous acid in the atmosphere. Atmos Environ 19:979–983CrossRef

14.

Fiedler SE, Hese A, Ruth AA (2003) Incoherent broad-band cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 371:284–294CrossRef

15.

Finlayson-Pitts BJ, Pitts JN Jr (2000) Chemistry of the upper and lower atmosphere: theory, experiments, and applications. Academic, San Diego

16.

Gherman T, Vebables DS, Vaughan S, Orphal J, Ruth AA (2008) Incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy in the near-ultraviolet: application to HONO and NO₂. Environ Sci Technol 42:890–895CrossRef

17.

Harris GW, Carter WPL, Winer AM, Pitts JN Jr, Platt U, Perner D (1982) Observations of nitrous acid in the Los Angeles atmosphere and the implications for the ozone-precursor relationships. Environ Sci Technol 16:414–419CrossRef

18.

He YX, Zhou JH, Bertman S (2006) Importance of dew in controlling air-surface exchange of HONO in rural forested environments. Geophys Res Lett 33. doi:10.1029/2005GL024348

19.

Heland J, Kleffmann J, Kurtenbach R, Wiesen P (2001) A new instrument to measure gaseous nitrous acid (HONO) in the atmosphere. Envrion Sci Technol 35:3207–3212CrossRef

20.

Huang G, Zhou X, Deng G, Qiao H, Civerolo K (2002) Measurements of atmospheric nitrous acid and nitric acid. Atmos Environ 36:2225–2235CrossRef

21.

Kleffmann J (2007) Daytime sources of nitrous acid (HONO) in the atmospheric boundary layer. Chem Phys Chem 8:1137–1144CrossRef

22.

Kleffmann J, Wiesen P (2008) Quantification of interferences of wet chemical HONO LOPAP measurements under simulated polar conditions. Atmos Chem Phys 8:6813–6822CrossRef

23.

Kleffmann J, Heland J, Kurtenbach R, Lörzer JC, Wiesen P (2002) A new instrument (LOPAP) for the detection of nitrous acid (HONO). Environ Sci Pollut Res 9:48–54CrossRef

24.

Kleffmann J, Kurtenbach R, Lorzer J, Wiesen P, Kalthoff N, Vogel B, Vogel H (2003) Measured and simulated vertical profiles of nitrous acid – part I: field measurements. Atmos Environ 37:2949–2955CrossRef

25.

Kleffmann J, Gavriloaiei T, Hofzumahaus A, Holland F, Koppmann R, Rupp L, Schlosser E, Siese M, Wahner A (2005) Daytime formation of nitrous acid: a major source of OH radicals in a forest. Geophys Res Lett 32. doi:10.1029/2005GL022524

26.

Kleffmann J, Lörzer JC, Wiesen P, Kern C, Trick S, Volkamer R, Rodenas M, Wirtz K (2006) Intercomparisons of the DOAS and LOPAP techniques for the detection of nitrous acid (HONO) in the atmosphere. Atmos Environ 40:3640–3652CrossRef

27.

Koutrakis P, Wolfson JM, Slater JL, Brauer M, Spengler JD, Stevens KR, Stone CL (1988) Evaluation of an annular denuder/filter pack system to collect acidic aerosols and gases. Environ Sci Technol 22:1463–1468CrossRef

28.

Lammel G, Cape JN (1996) Nitrous acid and nitrite in the atmosphere. Chem Soc Rev 25:361–369CrossRef

29.

Lammel G, Perner D (1988) The atmospheric aerosol as a source of nitrous acid in the polluted atmosphere. J Aerosol Sci 19:1199–1202CrossRef

30.

Lee BH, Wood EC, Zahniser MS, McManus JB, Nelson DD, Herndon SC, Santoni GW, Wofsy SC, Munger JW (2011) Simultaneous measurements of atmospheric HONO and NO₂ via absorption spectroscopy using tunable mid-infrared continuous-wave quantum cascade lasers. Appl Phys B 102:417–423CrossRef

31.

Lee BH, Santoni GW, Wood EC, Herndon SC, Miake-Lye RC, Zahniser MS, Wofsy SC, Munger JW (2011) Measurements of nitrous acid in commercial aircraft exhaust at the Alternative Aviation Fuel Experiment. Environ Sci Technol 45:7648–7654CrossRef

32.

Li YQ, Schwab JJ, Demerjian KL (2008) Fast time response measurements of gaseous nitrous acid using a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer: HONO emission source from vehicle exhausts. Geophys Res Lett 35. doi:10.1029/2007GL031218

33.

Liao W, Hecobian A, Mastromarino J, Tan D (2006) Development of a photo-fragmentation/laser-induced fluorescence measurement of atmospheric nitrous acid. Atmos Environ 40:17–26CrossRef

34.

Liao W, Case AT, Mastromarino J, Tan D, Dibb JE (2006) Observations of HONO by laser-induced fluorescence at the South Pole during ANTCI 2003. Geophys Res Lett 33:L09810. doi:10.1029/2005GL025470 CrossRef

35.

Mikuška P, Motyka K, Večeřa Z (2008) Determination of nitrous acid in air using wet effluent diffusion denuder–FIA technique. Talanta 77:635–641CrossRef

36.

Neftel A, Blatter A, Hesterberg R, Staffelbach T (1996) Measurements of concentration gradients of HNO₂ and HNO₃ over a semi-natural ecosystem. Atmos Environ 30:3017–3025CrossRef

37.

Pérez IM, Wooldridgea PJ, Cohen RC (2007) Laboratory evaluation of a novel thermal dissociation chemiluminescence method for in situ detection of nitrous acid. Atmos Environ 41:3993–4001CrossRef

38.

Perner D, Platt U (1979) Detection of nitrous acid in the atmosphere by differential optical absorption. Geophys Res Lett 6:917–920CrossRef

39.

Perrino C, De Santis F, Febo A (1990) Criteria for the choice of a denuder sampling technique devoted to the measurement of atmospheric nitrous and nitric acids. Atmos Environ 24:617–727CrossRef

40.

Perrino C, Ramirez D, Allegrini I (2001) Monitoring acidic air pollutants near Rome by means of diffusion lines: development of a specific quality control procedure. Atmos Environ 35:331–341CrossRef

41.

Pitts JN, Biermann HW, Winer AM, Tuazon EC, M (1984) Spectroscopic identification and measurement of gaseous nitrous acid in dilute auto exhaust. Atmos Environ 18:847–854CrossRef

42.

Pitts JN Jr, Bierman HW, Atkinson A, Winer AM (1994) Atmospheric implications of simultaneous nighttime measurements of NO₃ radicals and HONO. Geophys Res Lett 11:557–560CrossRef

43.

Platt U, Stutz J (2008) Differential optical absorption spectroscopy: principles and applications. Springer, Heidelberg

44.

Reisinger AR (2000) Observations of HNO₂ in the polluted winter atmosphere: possible heterogeneous production on aerosols. Atmos Environ 34:3865–3874CrossRef

45.

Ren X, Harder H, Martinez M, Lesher RL, Oliger A, Simpas JB, Brune WH, Schwab JJ, Demerjian KL, He Y, Zhou X, Gao H (2003) H OH and HO₂ chemistry in the urban atmosphere of New York City. Atmos Environ 37:3639–3651CrossRef

46.

Ren X, Brune WH, Mao J, Mitchell MJ, Lesher RL, Simpas JB, Metcalf AR, Schwab JJ, Cai C, Li Y, Demerjian KL, Felton HD, Boynton G, Adams A, Perry J, He Y, Zhou X, Hou J (2006) Behavior of OH and HO₂ in the winter atmosphere in New York city. Atmos Environ 40:S252–S263CrossRef

47.

Ren X, Gao H, Zhou X, Crounse JD, Wennberg PO, Browne EC, LaFranchi BW, Cohen RC, McKay M, Goldstein AH, Mao J (2010) Measurement of atmospheric nitrous acid at Blodgett Forest during BEARPEX2007. Atmos Chem Phys 10:6283–6894CrossRef

48.

Roberts JM, Veres P, Warneke C, Neuman JA, Washenfelder RA, Brown SS, Baasandorj M, Burkholder JB, Burling IR, Johnson TJ, Yokelson RJ, de Gouw J (2010) Measurement of HONO, HNCO, and other inorganic acids by negative‐ion proton‐transfer chemical‐ionization mass spectrometry (NI‐PT‐CIMS): application to biomass burning emissions. Atmos Meas Tech 3:981–990CrossRef

49.

Ródenas M, Muñoz A, Alacreu F, Brauers T, Dorn H.-P, Kleffmann J, Bloss W (2012) Assessment of HONO measurements: The FIONA campaign at EUPHORE. In: Barnes I, and Rudziński KJ (eds). Disposal of Dangerous Chemicals in Urban Areas and Mega Cities, NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, pp 45–58. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5034-0_4

50.

Rodgers M, Davis DD (1989) A UV-photofragmentation/laser-induced fluorescence sensor for the atmospheric detection of HONO. Environ Sci Technol 23:1106–1112CrossRef

51.

Schiller CL, Locquiao S, Johnson TJ, Harris GW (2001) Atmospheric measurements of HONO by tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy. J Atmos Chem 40:275–293CrossRef

52.

Simon PK, Dasgupta PK (1993) Wet effluent denuder coupled liquid/ion chromatography systems: annular and parallel plate denuders. Anal Chem 65:1134–1139CrossRef

53.

Stutz J, Alicke B, Neftel A (2002) Nitrous acid formation in the urban atmosphere: gradient measurements of NO₂ and HONO over grass in Milan, Italy. J Geophys Res 107. doi:10.1029/2001JD000390

54.

Stutz J, Alicke B, Ackermann R, Geyer A, Wang S, White AB, Williams EJ, Spicer CW, Fast JD (2004) Relative humidity dependence of HONO chemistry in urban areas. J Geophys Res 109:D03307. doi:10.1029/2003JD004135 CrossRef

55.

Stutz J, Oha H-J, Whitlow SI, Anderson C, Dibb JE, Flynn JH, Rappenglück B, Lefer B (2010) Simultaneous DOAS and mist-chamber IC measurements of HONO in Houston, TX. Atmos Environ 44:4090–4098CrossRef

56.

Takenaka NH, Terada Y, Oro MH, Yoshikawa H, Okitsu K, Bandow H (2004) A new method for the measurement of trace amounts of HONO in the atmosphere using an air-ragged aqua-membrane-type denuder and fluorescence detection. Analyst 129:1130–1136CrossRef

57.

Trebs I, Meixner FX, Slanina J, Otjes R, Jongejan P, Andreae MO (2004) Real-time measurements of ammonia, acidic trace gases and water-soluble inorganic aerosol species at a rural site in the Amazon Basin. Atmos Chem Phys 4:967–987CrossRef

58.

Večeřa Z, Dasgupta PK (1991) Measurement of atmospheric nitric and nitrous acids with a wet effluent diffusion denuder and low-pressure ion chromatography-postcolumn reaction detection. Anal Chem 63:2210–2216CrossRef

59.

Veres P, Roberts JM, Burling IR, Warneke C, de Gouw J, Yokelson RJ (2010) Measurements of gas phase inorganic and organic acids from biomass fires by negative‐ion proton‐transfer chemical‐ionization mass spectrometry. J Geophys Res 115:D23302. doi:10.1029/2010JD014033 CrossRef

60.

Villena G, Kleffmann J, Kurtenbach R, Wiesen P, Lissi E, Rubio MA, Croxatto G, Rappenglück B (2011) Vertical gradients of HONO, NO_x and O₃ in Santiago de Chile. Atmos Environ 45:3867–3873CrossRef

61.

Wang L, Zhang J (2000) Detection of nitrous acid by cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Environ Sci Technol 34:4221–4227CrossRef

62.

Wong KW, Oh H-J, Lefer B, Rappenglück B, Stutz J (2011) Vertical profiles of nitrous acid in the nocturnal urban atmosphere of Houston, TX. Atmos Chem Phys 11:3595–3609CrossRef

63.

Wong KW, Tsai C, Lefer B, Haman C, Grossberg N, Brune WH, Ren X, Luke W, Stutz J (2011) Daytime HONO vertical gradients during SHARP 2009 in Houston, TX. Atmos Chem Phys Discuss 11:24365–24411CrossRef

64.

Wu T, Chen W, Fertein E, Cazier F, Dewaele D, Gao X (2011) Development of an open-path incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced spectroscopy based instrument for simultaneous measurement of HONO and NO₂ in ambient air. Appl Phys B. doi:10.1007/s00340-011-4818-3

65.

Zellweger C, Amman M, Hofer P, Baltensperger U (1999) NO_y speciation with a combined wet effluent diffusion denuder-aerosol collector coupled to ion chromatography. Atmos Environ 33:1131–1140CrossRef

66.

Zhang N, Zhou X, Shepson PB, Gao H, Alaghmand M, Stirm B (2009) Aircraft measurement of HONO vertical profiles over a forested region. Geophys Res Lett 36:L15820. doi:10.1029/2009GL038999 CrossRef

67.

Zhang N, Zhou X, Bertman X, Alaghmand M, Shepson PB, and Carroll MA (2012) Measurements of ambient HONO and vertical HONO flux above a Northern Michigan forest Canopy. Atmos Chem Phys Discuss 12:7273–7304

68.

Zhou X, Qiao H, Deng G, Civerolo K (1999) A method for atmospheric HONO based on DNPH derivatization and HPLC analysis. Environ Sci Technol 33:3672–3679CrossRef

69.

Zhou X, Civerolo K, Dai H, Huang G, Schwab J, Demerjian K (2002) Summertime nitrous acid chemistry in the atmospheric boundary layer at a rural site in New York State. J Geophys Res 107. doi:10.1029/2001JD001539

70.

Zhou X, Huang G, Civerolo K, Roychowdhury U, Demerjian KL (2007) Summertime observations of HONO, HCHO, and O₃ at the summit of Whiteface Mountain, New York. J Geophys Res 112. doi:10.1029/2006JD007256

71.

Zhou X, Zhang N, TerAvest M, Tang D, Hou J, Bertman S, Alaghmand M, Shepson PB, Carroll MA, Griffith S, Dusanter S, Stevens PS (2011) Nitric acid photolysis on forest canopy surface as a tropospheric nitrous acid source. Nat Geosci 4. doi:10.1038/NGEO1164

Title: An Overview of Measurement Techniques for Atmospheric Nitrous Acid
Author: Xianliang Zhou
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Book: Disposal of Dangerous Chemicals in Urban Areas and Mega Cities
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-5033-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-94-007-5034-0

Copyright Year: 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5034-0_3