Top

Mathematical Models and Computer Simulations

Published in:

01-12-2023

Application of Acoustic-Vortex Method for CFD-CAA Modelling of Multicopter Noise

Authors: A. A. Aksenov, S. F. Timushev, D. V. Klimenko, S. Yu. Fedoseev

Published in: Mathematical Models and Computer Simulations | Issue 6/2023

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

Quadcopters have become extremely popular and are used in areas ranging from monitoring traffic or fire conditions to distributing the Internet or cold drinks. Over the past ten years, there has been a sharp increase in the use of multicopters for various purposes. The noiselessness and efficiency of a propeller propulsion system are critical aspects in developing modern unmanned aerial vehicles. The development of this area of aviation technology in the context of tightening noise standards is impossible without effective optimization methods that work in conjunction with computer-aided design systems. Such a challenge requires the development of theoretical approaches to the numerical simulation of sound generation mechanisms by the propellers of multicopters and the corresponding software. This article discusses software based on a method for calculating sound generation and noise emission by a drone propeller, considering the decomposition of the vortex and acoustic modes. The development of this method makes it possible to consider the influence of a flow’s inhomogeneity and turbulence, rotor interference, sound diffraction by airframe elements, impedance characteristics of the hull coating, and other factors while ensuring the accuracy and speed of calculations.

previous article Research on the Stability of a Machine Learning Model for Processing a Signal of the Earth’s Orientation Device

next article Collective Motions of Atoms in Crystals

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Available only for authorised users

ABCNews: Whining drones bringing burritos and coffee are bitterly dividing Canberra residents. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-11-09/noise-from-drone-delivery-service-divides-canberra-residents/10484044. Cited March 11, 2019.

BBC News: Why your pizza may never be delivered by drone. ttps://www.bbc.com/news/ business-46483178. Cited March 11, 2019.

P. A. Moshkov, V. F. Samokhin, and A. A. Yakovlev, “Selection of an audibility criterion for propeller driven unmanned aerial vehicle,” Russ. Aeronaut. 61, 149–155 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068799818020010CrossRef

P. Moshkov, N. Ostrikov, V. Samokhin, and A. Valiev, “Study of Ptero-G0 UAV noise with level flight conditions,” in 25th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conf., Delft, The Netherlands, 2019 (AIAA, 2019), p. AIAA 2019-2514. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-2514

N. Kloet, S. Watkins, and R. Clothier, “Acoustic signature measurement of small multi-rotor unmanned aircraft systems,” Int. J. Micro Air Veh. 9, 3–14 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1177/1756829316681868CrossRef

A. K. Sahai, Consideration of Aircraft Noise Annoyance during Conceptual Aircraft Design, PhD Thesis (Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, 2016). http://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/668901. Cited February 27, 2020.

C. E. Tinney and J. Sirohi, “Multirotor drone noise at static thrust,” AIAA J. 56, 2816–2826 (2018). https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J056827CrossRef

N. Intaratep, W. N. Alexander, W. J. Devenport, S. M. Grace, and A. Dropkin, “Experimental study of quadcopter acoustics and performance at static thrust conditions,” in 22nd AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Lyon, France, 2016 (AIAA, 2016), p. 2016-2873. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-2873

G. Sinibaldi and L. Marino, “Experimental analysis on the noise of propellers for small UAV,” Appl. Acoust. 74, 79–88 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2012.06.011CrossRef

10.

R. Peterson, “Regional turboprop resurgence continues; Jet demand shifts upward,” Aircraft Eng. Aerosp. Technol. 80 (2) (2004). https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat.2008.12780baf.008

11.

M. S. Ryerson and M. Hansen, “The potential of turboprops for reducing aviation fuel consumption,” Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ. 15 (6), 305–314 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2010.03.003CrossRef

12.

C. Holsclaw, “Stage 5 Airplane Noise Standards,” Federal Register 81 (9), No. 1923 (2016) (Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, D.C., 2016).

13.

E. A. M. Franssen, C. M. A. G. van Wiechen, N. J. D. Nagelkerke, and E. Lebret, “Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use,” Occup. Environ. Med. 61, 405–413 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2002.005488CrossRef

14.

H. Swift, “A review of the literature related to potential health effects of aircraft noise,” PARTNER Project 19 Final Report, Report No. PARTNER-COE-2010-003, Partnership for Air Transportation Noise and Emissions Reduction (Massachusetts Inst. Technol., Cambridge, MA, 2010).

15.

B. Magliozzi, D. B. Hanson, and R. K. Amiet, “Propeller and Propfan Noise,” in Aeroacoustics of Flight Vehicles: Theory and Practice, Ed. by H.H. Hubbard, Vol. 1: Noise Sources, NASA Ref. Publ. 1258 (NASA, 1991), pp. 1–64.

16.

L. Gutin, “On the sound field of a rotating propeller,” Report NACA TM-1195 (NACA, Washington, 1948).

17.

A. F. Deming, “Noise from propellers with symmetrical sections at zero blade angle II,” Report NACA TN-679 (NACA, Washington, 1938).

18.

D. B. Hanson, “Helicoidal surface theory for harmonic noise of propellers in the far field,” AIAA J. 18, 1213–1220 (1980). https://doi.org/10.2514/3.50873MathSciNetCrossRef

19.

D. B. Hanson, “Sound from a propeller at angle of attack: A new theoretical viewpoint,” Proc. R. Soc. A 449, 315–328 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1995.0046

20.

C. L. Morfey, “Rotating blades and aerodynamic sound,” J. Sound Vib. 28, 587–617 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-460X(73)80041-0CrossRef

21.

B. Magliozzi, F. B. Metzger, W. Bausch, and R. J. King, “A comprehensive review of helicopter noise literature,” Report FAA-RD-75-79 (Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, D.C., 1975).

22.

F. Farassat and G. P. Succi, “A review of propeller discrete frequency noise prediction technology with emphasis on two current methods for time domain calculations,” J. Sound Vib. 71, 399–419 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-460X(80)90422-8CrossRef

23.

A. Guédel, Acoustique des Ventilateurs: Génération du Bruit et Moyens de Réduction (CETIAT, PYC Livres, 1999).

24.

D. Croba and J. L. Kueny, “Unsteady flow computation in a centrifugal pump coupling of the impeller and the volute,” in Proc. Int. INCE Symposium on Fan Noise, Senlis, France, 1992 (CETIM, Seulis, France, 1992), pp. 221–228.

25.

S. Chu, R. Dong, and J. Katz, “The effect of blade-tongue interactions on the flow structure, pressure fluctuations and noise within a centrifugal pump,” in Proc. 1st International Symposium on Pump Noise and Vibrations, Clamart, France, 1993, Ed. by G. Caignaert, pp. 13–34.

26.

V. G. Bobkov, I. V. Abalakin, and T. K. Kozubskaia, “Method for prediction of aerodynamic characteristics of helicopter rotors based on edge-based schemes in code NOISEtte,” Komp. Issled. Model. 12, 1097–1122 (2020). https://doi.org/10.20537/2076-7633-2020-12-5-1097-1122CrossRef

27.

M. J. Lighthill, “On sound generated aerodynamically. I. General Theory,” Proc. R. Soc. London A 211, 564–587 (1952). https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1952.0060MathSciNetCrossRefMATH

28.

N. Curle, “The influence of solid boundaries upon aerodynamic sound,” Proc. Royal Soc. A 231, 505–514 (1955). https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1955.0191MathSciNetCrossRefMATH

29.

J. E. Ffowcs Williams, and D. L. Hawkings, “Sound generation by turbulence and surfaces in arbitrary motion,” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London A 264, 321–342 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1969.0031CrossRefMATH

30.

F. Farassat and M. K. Myers, “Extension of Kirchhhoff’s formula to radiation from moving surfaces,” J. Sound Vib. 123, 451–460 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-460X(88)80162-7CrossRefMATH

31.

S. Caro, S. Moreau, and Michel Roger, “Comparaison d’une technique 2D de type Sears avec un calcul instationnaire direct pour le calcul du bruit de raies d’un ventilateur,” in Bruit des Ventilateurs à Basse Vitesse, Actes du Colloque tenu à l’Ecole Centrale de Lyon les 8 et 9 novembre 2001.

32.

S. Caro, R. Sandboge, J. Iyer, and Y. Nishio, “Presentation of a CAA formulation based on Lighthill’s analogy for fan noise,” in Proc. 3rd Int. Symposium on Fan Noise 2007, Lyon, France, 2007.

33.

R. Sandboge, K. Washburn, and Ch. Peak, “Validation of a CAA formulation based on Lighthill’s analogy for a cooling fan and mower blade noise,” in Proc. 3rd Int. Symposium on Fan Noise 2007, Lyon, France, 2007.

34.

Y. J. Zhu, H. Ouyang, and Z.H. Du, “Experimental and numerical investigation of noise generated by rotor blade passing an exhaust grille,” Noise Control Eng. J. 56, 225–234 (2008). https://doi.org/10.3397/1.2949901CrossRef

35.

S. De Reboul, N. Zerbib, and A. Heather, “Use OpenFOAM coupled with finite and boundary element formulations for computational aero-acoustics for ducted obstacles,” in INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress & Conference Proc., InterNoise19, Madrid, Spain, 2019, pp. 4811–4826.

36.

H. S. Ribner, “The generation of sound by turbulent jets,” Adv. Appl. Mech. 8, 103–182 (1964). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2156(08)70354-5CrossRef

37.

P. A. Moshkov and V. F. Samokhin, “Integral model of noise of an engine-propeller power plant,” J. Eng. Phys. Thermophys. 91, 332–338 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10891-018-1753-8CrossRef

38.

V. Samokhin, P. Moshkov, and A. Yakovlev, “Analytical model of engine fan noise,” Akustika 32, 168–173 (2019).CrossRef

39.

V. F. Kopiev, V. A. Titarev, and I. V. Belyaev, “Development of a methodology for propeller noise calculation on high-performance computer,” TsAGI Sci. J. 45, 293–327 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1615/TsAGISciJ.2014011857

40.

I. V. Abalakin, V. A. Anikin, P. A. Bakhvalov, V. G. Bobkov, and T. K. Kozubskaya, “Numerical investigation of the aerodynamic and acoustical properties of a shrouded rotor,” Fluid Dyn. 51, 419–433 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0015462816030145MathSciNetCrossRefMATH

41.

V. A. Titarev, G. A. Faranosov, S. A. Chernyshev, and A. S. Batrakov, “Numerical modeling of the influence of the relative positions of a propeller and pylon on turboprop aircraft noise,” Acoust. Phys. 64, 760–773 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063771018060118CrossRef

42.

A. Filippone, “Aircraft noise prediction,” Progr. Aerosp. Sci. 68, 27–63 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2014.02.001CrossRef

43.

V. G. Dmitriev and V. F. Samokhin, “Complex of algorithms and programs for calculation of aircraft noise,” TsAGI Sci. J. 45 (3–4), 293–327 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1615/TsAGISciJ.2014011838

44.

N. N. Ostrikov and S. L. Denisov, “Airframe shielding of noncompact aviation noise sources: theory and experiment,” in 21st AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conf., Dallas, TX, 2015 (AIAA, 2015), p. 2015-2691. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-2691

45.

P. A. Moshkov and V. F. Samokhin, “Effect of spacing between pusher propeller and wing on environmental light aircraft noise,” TsAGI Sci. J. 47, 639–647 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1615/TsAGISciJ.2017019465

46.

A. N. Kolmogorov, “Equations of turbulent motion of an incompressible fluid,” Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Fiz. 6 (1–2), 56–58 (1942).

47.

D. I. Blokhintsev, Acoustics of an Inhomogeneous Moving Medium (Nauka, Moscow, 1986) [in Russian].

48.

M. E. Goldstein, Aeroacoustics (McGraw Hill, New York, 1976).

49.

E. P. Stolyarov, “Excitation of sound by small perturbations of entropy and vorticity in spatially nonuniform flows of a compressible ideal gas,” in Acoustics of Turbulent Flow (Nauka, Moscow, 1983), pp. 3–14.

50.

S. C. Crow, “Aerodynamic sound emission as a singular perturbation problem,” Stud. Appl. Math. 49, 21–46 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1002/sapm197049121CrossRefMATH

51.

K. I. Artamonov, Thermohydroacoustic Stability (Mashinostroenie, Moscow, 1982) [in Russian].

52.

D. C. Wilcox, Turbulence Modeling for CFD (DCW Industries, La Cañada, CA, 1994).

53.

Software package for gas and fluid flow simulation FlowVision, Version 2.5.0. Manual CAPVIDIA (Leuven, Belgium, 1999–2007).

54.

K. J. Baumeister, “Time-dependent difference theory for noise propogation in a two-dimensional duct,” AIAA J. 18, 1470–1476 (1980). https://doi.org/10.2514/3.50906CrossRefMATH

55.

S. Timouchev and J. Tourret, “Numerical simulation of BPF pressure pulsation field in centrifugal pumps,” in Proc. 19th Int. Pump Users Symposium, Houston, TX, 2002, pp. 85–105.

56.

S. Timouchev, A. Nedashkovsky, and G. Pavic, “Experimental validation of axial fan 3D acoustic-vortex method CFD-CAA study,” in Proc. 3rd Int. Symposium on Fan Noise 2007, Lyon, France, 2007.

57.

A. A. Aksenov, V. N. Gavrilyuk, and S. F. Timushev, “Numerical simulation of tonal fan noise of computers and air conditioning systems,” Acoust. Phys. 62, 447–455 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063771016040011CrossRef

58.

S. F. Timushev and D. V. Klimenko, “Computation of BPF pressure pulsations in the LRE screw-centrifugal pump with 3D acoustic-vortex method,” INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress & Conference Proc. 255, 4157–4165 (2017).

Title: Application of Acoustic-Vortex Method for CFD-CAA Modelling of Multicopter Noise
Authors: A. A. Aksenov
S. F. Timushev
D. V. Klimenko
S. Yu. Fedoseev
Publication date: 01-12-2023
Publisher: Pleiades Publishing
Published in: Mathematical Models and Computer Simulations / Issue 6/2023
Print ISSN: 2070-0482
Electronic ISSN: 2070-0490
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S2070048223060030

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Other articles of this Issue 6/2023

Determining the Evaporation Rate from a Pool Surface under Active Wave Formation

Collective Motions of Atoms in Crystals

Increasing the Reliability of Well Interaction Modeling for the Analysis of the Efficiency of the Flooding System

When an Implicit Scheme is Monotonic

Numerical Simulation of Inverse Retrospective Problems for a Nonlinear Heat Equation

The Effect of Ballistic Parameters of Meteoroids on Their Destruction in the Earth’s Atmosphere

Premium Partner