1 Introduction
2 Material Properties and Material Modelling
2.1 Flow Behaviour of Metal
2.2 Elastic Stress States—Young’s Modulus
2.3 Flow Curve and Strain Hardening
2.4 Anisotropy
2.5 Yield Surface
2.6 Forming Limit Diagram
2.7 Friction Conditions
3 Springback Analysis and Compensation
3.1 Case Description and Input Parameters Used for an Aluminium Panel
Al | Mg | Si | Mn | Cr | Cu | Zn | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
96.5–98.95 | 0.40–0.80 | 0.60–1.00 | 0.05–0.40 | ≤0.10 | ≤0.40 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.40 |
Density ρ [g.cm−3] | Young’s modulus, E [GPa] | Poisson’s ratio, ν | Yield strength σyld [MPa] | r-value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0° | 45° | 90° | 0° | 45° | 90° | |||
2.7 | 70 | 0.30 | 151.3 | 171.2 | 163.6 | 0.62 | 0.33 | 0.80 |
3.2 Results and Discussion
4 FE Analysis of Patchwork Blank Hot Stamping Process
4.1 Case Description and Input Parameters Used
C | Si | Mn | P | S | Al | Nb | Cr |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.21 | 0.28 | 1.18 | 0.015 | 0.001 | 0.03 | 0.0032 | 0.18 |
Density ρ [g.cm−3] | Young’s modulus E, 20 °C [GPa] | Young’s modulus, E at 950 °C [GPa] | Poisson’s ratio, ν | Yield strength σyld [MPa] | r-value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0° | 45° | 90° | 0° | 45° | 90° | ||||
7.8 | 210 | 45 | 0.3 | 81.3 | 79.4 | 84.5 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.8 |