Applications

The applications of high voltage insulating systems are realized in different forms due to the type of equipment and due to the type of voltage stress. The configuration of insulation systems is performed by means of the principles and tools that are described in the previous chapters. Typical insulation systems for AC voltages are considered for cables, accessories, bushings, transformers, capacitors, circuit-breakers and electrical machines. Insulation systems for DC voltages must first of all be discussed with respect to specific electrical stresses, dielectric strength and specific design features. Then the consideration of typical DC insulation systems is focused on capacitors, transformers, bushings, cables and accessories for HVDC applications and on power electronic systems. Typical insulation systems for impulse voltages are also discussed with regard to stresses and strengths at first. Then applications for energy storage capacitors, impulse capacitors and transformer barrier systems are described. Other application examples are presented for lightning protection, pulsed power technology, light and laser technology, X-ray technology, particle precipitation and spark plug insulation. An own section is dedicated to superconductive equipment.