Applied Physics, System Science and Computers

We showed that quantum mechanical superposition can sustain in the process of ion transfer in protein membrane for a substantial period in spite of the presence of the interactions with environmental modes of molecular vibration. The spectral temperature, as defined in quantum thermodynamical framework plays a significant role in maintaining the coherence. The ratio of decoherence time and dwell time has been calculated, which can be directly related to the degree of coherence. The results shead new light to build quantum information system of entangled ionic states in the voltage gated biological channels.

This paper deals with a new electrotherapeutic method for use in physiatric treatment. The micro-pulse stimulation is based on the combination of three electrotherapeutic methods: burst therapy, high-voltage pulsed current therapy, and microelectrostimulation. Micro-pulse stimulation is special for its unusual configuration of pulse parameters; high-voltage electric pulses are safely used as a result of a cumulative effect of the subthreshold monophasic pulses with a very short duration. This combination of parameters should connect the advantages of used methods. This includes an analgesic effect without any obvious adaptation of the stimulated tissue and making the tissue penetration easier. As the micro-pulse stimulation was designed especially for the treatment of swelling and pain in animal therapy, the device is small, portable, battery-operated and easy to use.

Electrotherapy is not so commonly used in veterinary practice as in human. Microstimulator is a new electrotherapeutic device designed especially for the horses’ patients. Its unusual configuration of pulse parameters makes this method appropriate for the swelling treatment and tissue regeneration after the minor injuries. Nine horses with swelling of the limb caused by minor injury such as tendinitis, sprains etc. were included in the study. Micro-pulse stimulation was applied once a day until the total regress of problems. The course of the experiment was documented in photographs and video recordings that were significant for evaluation of the effectiveness of micro-pulse stimulation in this application. Based on the results, it seems the micro-pulse stimulation really has positive effect on swelling reduction, and so the overall tissue regeneration, consisting probably in analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.

In this paper, the results of the manufacturing of BaTiO₃ material destined for use in stacked-disk multilayer actuator production are presented. SEM microstructures and electric properties of the fabricated pellets are presented and discussed. The dilatometric curve was executed using the high temperature dilatometer in order to determine at which temperature barium titanate pellets and beams should be sintered to receive full dense sinters. Finally, the problem of metal layer deposition on barium titanate ceramics during actuator fabrication is considered.

The knowledge of the nature of flooding allows us to optimize the system of oilfield development. The study of the filtration process in reservoirs with discontinuities, such as highly permeable cracks or impermeable barriers, has a great importance for the oilfield development. The steady-state flow process of incompressible fluid to the production well in a reservoir of constant height and permeability is considered. There is a thin area in the reservoir, which might be a highly permeable crack or impermeable barrier. The production and injection wells are placed inside the reservoir’s external boundary. The characteristics of flooding process are studied for different locations of the discontinuity and a pair of wells. The flow lines of the fluid flow will be analyzed for every considered case.

Terahertz spectroscopy came to the attention of the broader scientific community in the 90s of the 20th century with the development of science and technology in particular, enabling to work in terahertz spectral region. Terahertz spectroscopy has a wide possibilities of applications beginning in classical spectroscopy of gun powders, plastics, explosives, liquids, through terahertz imaging of medicaments, tissues, materials or layers, to remote observation/identification of hidden objects mainly for security purposes. The aim of this paper is to introduce possible applications in analysis of pharmaceuticals with different amount of active ingredient content. According to the results, the classical terahertz spectroscopy is not as suitable as other spectroscopic methods targeted on analyzing content of pharmaceuticals showing persistent inconveniences of this spectroscopy. All measurements were done using the TPS Spectra 3000 instrument.

The direct Lyapunov method is used to prove the stability of the exact Crapper solution for capillary waves. The dynamic equations of the capillary wave are presented in the form of an infinite Euler-Lagrange chain of equations for the Stokes coefficients. The stationary solution found for these equations is the Crapper solution for capillary waves. With the help of energy and momentum conservation laws the Lyapunov function is constructed. It is shown that the Lyapunov function is positive definite with respect to any perturbations of waves surfaces, for waves with the period multiple of wavelength.

The developmental tendencies in obtaining high performance of gas turbines are chiefly connected with an increase in the engine’s capacity, its efficiency, lifetime, and reduce the deleterious emissions. One way to achieve these targets is the usage of lighter and stronger materials and enhancing the method of parts manufacture. The present work is a part of a national project whose main goal is to develop a new class of light alloys-coatings structures for aerospace, energy and the automotive industry, fated to reduce pollution and to contribute to a friendlier environment. One way to enhancing the high temperature response against the severe environmental conditions, is by development of titanium aluminides with increased niobium content and two different structures: α2 + γ (Ti2Al + TiAl), and Orto AlNbTi2. The paper present the preliminary results on mechanical properties modification because of niobium content increased from 10 at.% to 25% and on beneficial influence of Thermal barrier coating.

A high-order precision numerical scheme was proposed for the Basset kernel integrals and the Basset type integro-differential equations that often arise in hydrodynamics. The scheme was tested on a model integral and on a real problem of particle focusing in a standing acoustic wave in liquid. The scheme showed around 2 orders higher speed of integral estimation compared with the existing analogs. The obtained results show that the integral can be approximated with high order of precision and the real problem is simulated well by the proposed scheme. A variable step technique was used to increase the precision of integro-differential equation simulation even more by eliminating the discrepancy at the very start of the simulation. The proposed numerical scheme may found its applications in many biological and medical problems related to acoustophoresis or in particle sedimentation simulations.

By the example of polar pieces of spherical, conical and truncated conical shape, we substantiate and implement the approach to identifying a local, spatially limited, working zone (to position and examine magnetic susceptibility of ‘microsamples’) for the Faraday balance, viz. the zone with stable inhomogeneity of the field. It involves obligatory obtaining and analyzing coordinate characteristics of induction (intensity) in the interpolar area, at this, sinuous characteristics, i.e. the ones with an inflexion, should be give preference to out of the traditional nonlinear characteristics. Then, the well-linearized zone near the inflexion point (the corresponding derivative here demonstrates an extremum) most fully satisfies the requirement (to a working zone) for preserving the field inhomogeneity constancy. It is established that in comparison with the spherical polar pieces, the conical ones provide a working zone that is closer to the axial line, whereas the truncated conical polar pieces ensure the zone farther from their axial line.

Wireless sensor networks are formed of thousands of nodes that need to be deployed to maintain good sensing coverage area. Deployment of a wireless sensor network in a hostile or hazardous environment is a challenging problem. To address this problem, a bundle of sensors to be deployed is initially placed in a definite region within the area of the network. Then the sensor nodes are diffused cooperatively and gradually to increase coverage area. This paper proposes a self-deployment heuristic approach for WSN based on the Four Quadrants Deployment Model (FQDM). It studies the effect of applying a realistic energy model to FQDM, and proposes an extended version of FQDM to enhance the coverage at border areas. The proposed approach relocates the sensors in a way that maximizes the coverage while minimizing energy consumption. Results show that it gives a good coverage for definite region while conserving energy of sensors.

A dynamic average value-at-risk portfolio model under uncertainty is discussed. At each period analytical solutions for the problem are obtained. By dynamic programming, an optimality equation for optimal average value-at-risks is derived. It is shown that the optimal average value-at-risk portfolios are solutions of the optimality equation.

The energy efficiency starts from energy accounting. At the level of strategic planning, that means the formation energy balances. In terms of distributed generation (DG), the problem at hand is how to ensure a correct estimation of the installed capacity of DG in cases when it operates standalone. This “hidden” DG may sufficiently influence the power system operation. The paper presents the results of investigations devoted to DG penetration assessment. A novel approach to existing and prospective DG assessment is proposed, which combines statistical, economic and geographical methods. The approach provides DG power ranging according to the sphere of its application. It is suitable to predict the centers of DG interconnection.

Nowadays, the waste management is an important issue. In this paper a mathematic modeling of the main operating costs for production of collagen hydrolyzate from leather shavings is presented. The model is based on physical and chemical ongoing processes in the reactor and other parts of the production system, such as kinetics of the hydrolysis, mass and dry matter balances and protein balance in equilibrium. The aim is to determine optimal time of hydrolysis reaction, optimal mass fraction of decomposed protein and hence the main operating costs. The modeling is performed for a batch reactor and pilot plant conditions.

Cloud is understood as a storage which provides space for data storage. The concept of Cloud and Cloud computing has a wider range. It can be characterized as providing services and various applications which are saved on servers while there is access to them through Internet. It is possible to work with data in cloud not only online mode but also in offline—it means to use the state of short-term connection and thus save data in mobile connection. Provided that the service is paid, the advantage of it is that the users do not pay for their software but for its use. Scientific publications state that the most often flaw of the service is its vulnerability in the form of data security. It is the reason why nowadays, all the attention is paid to this problematic field. In the report a data security design in Cloud computing will be described and also all the results will be stated that have been acquired through experiments to verify the overall security of a chosen cloud storage. According to measurements of chosen parameters of a basic and an extended cloud storage model, it has been found out that the security increase of data stored in cloud storage brings also worsening of other parameters of the storage. This is particularly the case of the access speed to data that (if they are automatically encrypted) can be influenced by the computing power of a particular PC hardware.

In this paper three pseudorandom number generators are considered which are built on cellular automata. Structures and generator models, and the organization of a cellular automaton for each generator are studied. Two pseudorandom number generators are built on the asynchronous cellular automata, and the third generator is implemented on the synchronous cellular automata. The structure of cell that realizes the first two pseudorandom number generators is described. There is the analysis of the proposed pseudorandom number generators uses NIST test and also describes their main characteristics.

The current paper presents the results obtained by modifying a graphics pipeline implementation so that it partially operates with fixed-point numbers and partially with floating-point numbers. This was achieved by instrumenting a software implementation of the OpenGL ES 1.1 specification so that it uses the desired format for representing real numbers. The targeted outcome was to find a balance between the areas of the pipeline where the two different number formats were used so that the obtained output was similar. A variation in the format and precision of the fixed point number was also implemented and its impact on the output was studied.

SystemC-AMS extensions to SystemC have been used in several applications to model the analog part of a heterogeneous SoC. The SoC is usually a pure simulation model where the digital part is modeled using SystemC. If an emulation verification environment is used, the digital part of the SoC would be running on the emulator while the analog part, modeled with SystemC-AMS, would be running on the co-model machine connected to emulator. In this paper, we propose an approach to interface SystemC-AMS models running on the emulator co-model machine with digital models running on the emulator. The verification challenge, addressed by this approach, lies in the fact that execution semantics of models running on the co-model machine connected to the emulator are inherently untimed, and SystemC-AMS is a timed environment with a time wheel completely independent from the emulation time wheel. Our approach presents execution dynamics to address this problem. We also describe a case study that demonstrates the validity of the proposed approach.

Immunity tests to radiated electromagnetic field are one of the most common tests performed within the framework of the electromagnetic compatibility. These tests are performed inside a shielded chamber provided the requirements given by the appropriate standards are kept. As the levels of the generated fields can be high and the output power of the transmitting amplifiers cannot be infinite, it is necessary to achieve a good performance of the transmitting antenna. By means of the real experiment the author of this paper shows how the height of the antenna placed above the conductive floor can affect the antenna’s voltage standing waves ratio and how this phenomenon affects the parameters of the whole measurement system.

The article presents an approach to express morphology and syntax rules or specifications of basic terminology of the English language in RDFCFL graphic metalanguage following the methodology of Andrew Carstairs-McCarthy’s book. The formal modelling of English linguistics follows here two levels: syntactical (investigating lexical and functional categories of speech, in particular rules of their merging into larger units) and semantic-based morphology of the English language which covers the importance of language morphemes.

Originally, the concept of the system and the system approach was used only in the natural sciences and technical disciplines. Currently, systems approach begins to be applied in other scientific disciplines such sociology, psychology and other social sciences, which deal with the behavior of the society. The system theory is closely related to modeling and computer simulation that are understand as one of the way of scientific research. Education has to reflect the application of scientific principles and therefore the principles of system approach, modeling and simulation should be applied even to pedagogical science and education. This new educational method should be implemented to learning of prospective teachers. The paper describes the implementation of principles of system approach, modeling and computer simulation to learning of prospective teacher of informatics in form of computer simulation of a simple permutation brainteaser.

There are several ways to achieve the goals. Some ways are more direct and faster, and others are slower. Some ways lead to a goal, while others do not. It depends on the chosen way—procedure to achieve the chosen goals. A similar problem is experienced by teachers of programming. They often solves the fundamental problem of what programming style is best for introducing learning of programming. The goal of the learning of programming is to design and creation of object-oriented programming applications. Ways to reach the goals is several. Some teachers begin to teach the students by object-oriented design, which is followed by structured designs. Other teachers prefer completely opposite approach. They teach a structured design first followed by object-oriented constructs. These two methods of teaching of object-oriented programming are known Objects-First and Objects-Later techniques of learning of programming. These techniques are the most common practices of teaching programming. The paper presents results of research of application of above mentioned techniques to learning of object-oriented structures. The research was conducted among the students of study program Teaching of Education, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove in the academic years 2013/2014 and 2014/2015.

This paper is concerned with multichannel queueing systems showing how to derive their characteristics if the requirement arrivals correspond to a Poisson process and the service times have the exponential distribution. However, the requirements of stationarity, regularity, and independence of increases needed to model these processes by Markov chains and to define the transition probabilities may not be satisfied, or no information may be available on such parameters. Using randomly generated data, we propose a strategy of processing the requirements in multichannel systems and a way of evaluating the probabilities necessary to express the characteristics of the systems comparing these results with the theoretical ones. It has been discovered that with, as the number of outputs increases, the simulation results converge to the theoretical ones.

We discuss the implementation the finite element approach to the linear micropolar elasticity in order to perform the analysis of the stress concentration near holes and notches. Within the micropolar elasticity we analyze the behaviour of such microstructured solids as foams and bones. With developed new finite element few problems are analyzed where the influence of the microstructure may be important. The provided comparison of solutions obtained within the micropolar and classical elasticity show the influence of micropolar properties on stress concentration near notches and contact areas.

The conversion of the image in black and white image is a very important factor in the case of WSNs. This conversion affects the image size reduction. In other words, it affects energy saving and bandwidth transmission of sensor nodes. However, in this case, we can have a loss of details of image characteristics. With purpose of preserving the image characteristics, the edge detection as accurately as possible is a key factor. So, in this paper, we will present a new algorithm which enables the efficient realization of pixels detection that corresponds to the edges of the image captured by the sensor nodes. The results obtained with the application of this algorithm will be compared with results obtained from the application of traditional Filters.

Over the last few years, many multimedia conferencing and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) applications have been developed due to the use of signaling protocols in providing video, audio and text chatting services between at least two participants. This paper studies the behavior of the widely common signaling protocol; Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) in terms of the behavior of the signaling and media messages, as well as the delay time during call setup, call teardown, and media sessions.

This paper presents a new unsupervised method for segmenting blood vessels in digital retinal images. The proposed method uses K-means clustering to binarize grayscale vessel-enhanced images derived from green channel image and Gabor wavelet feature image. The binary images are then combined using logical OR to produce segmented vessels. The method was evaluated on the publicly available DRIVE database and the results compared to published literature. The method proved to have comparable performance to other published unsupervised methods while being simple and fast to implement. In the future, the proposed method can be further improved to be applied in real clinical setting to assist the physicians in diagnosing ocular diseases through an automated screening system.

The paper is concerned with the training sets formation problems in the intelligent information analytical systems for electrical grid equipment technical state assessment and repair programs formation with the purpose of the power grid companies’ plant assets management. The basic principles of the developed intelligent information analytical system are presented in the paper. The problems associated with the training sets formation for electrical grid equipment are also described and the basic requirements to them are defined. Within the framework of the presented paper the analysis of the training set size impact on the equipment state identification accuracy in the context of 110 kV power transformers state identification was performed.

A storage performance analysis tool is crucial to finding performance bottlenecks in I/O storage systems and developing efficient storage system architectures or algorithms. This work is based on an integrated performance analysis tool for Linux file systems. The tool provides actual time information for Linux file system functions. In contrast to other existing tools, the tool provides a filtering mechanism, a graphical interface, and system-level analysis information without a heavy load of measurement. This paper describes a host program implementation for the performance analysis tool. It may be used by Linux developers or end-users for analyzing file system layers or measuring software performance to find bottlenecks in Linux file systems.

The paper describes the use of VANET simulator to demonstrate the potential and importance of their application in a network of vehicles, as well as some of the network performance that can be predicted in this way. Using VANET simulator is shown scenario analysis of selected traffic parameters and network performance, based on the coupling traffic simulator VanetMobiSim and network simulator ns2. Vanet simulator using OpenStreetMap for the insertion of real map of the city.

This paper presents a module for monitoring the grape fermentation process constructed of low cost sensors for temperature, wine acidity (pH), alcohol and carbon dioxide released gases. Sensor values are recorded over the wine fermentation process and are sent through wireless modules in real time to a server. Constituent part of the module is a microcontroller PIC16F877A. It processes data received from sensors and sends them to the server through Ethernet controller ENC28J60. The main advantage of this low cost prototype is the possibility to be used by small winemakers for control and monitoring of a grape fermentation process. The proposed system has been tested in a winery in the Tikves region and it fulfilled the initial expectations.

With the rapid development of industrialization, pollutant from industry and automobile has a big influence on the air quality of cities. With the high humidity caused by the urban microclimate, the visibility is greatly reduced due to the hazy weather formed by the accumulation of pollutant and vapor. In this paper, a hazy simulation environment is established to measure the transmittance of LED lamps, metal halide lamps and sodium lamps. First, we studied their transmittance under the fog condition (liquid) as well as the haze condition (solid). Then, the comparison among transmittance of light sources under different hazy environment is shown. The results are useful to the road lighting design.

A vacuum insulated pipe used to transport LNG was exposed to repeated thermal loads at an extremely low temperature in order to study its thermal-fatigue lifetime. To prevent fatigue failure, the lifetime of vulnerable parts needs to be estimated beforehand; therefore, thermal stress and thermal deformation were first observed using thermal-structural coupling analysis. Based on the results, the structural safety of the vacuum insulated pipe was evaluated. Furthermore, fatigue life was evaluated according to the design parameters by applying the boundary condition of thermal fatigue analysis based on the results from the thermal-structural coupling analysis.

This paper focuses on an unconventional usage of entropy. On one side it deals with preprocessing phase, especially the session identification using the Reference Length method. Entropy, in this case, offers an alternative to determining the ratio of auxiliary pages that is important for this method. With the approach introduced in this paper, the need of a sitemap becomes void. On the other hand, the paper looks at entropy in the case of reliability analysis of Machine Translation metrics. In this case, entropy offers also an alternative mean to validate the metrics.

The aim of subjects dealing with graph theory and combinatorial optimization is above all to develop and deepen students’ capacity for logical and algorithmic thinking. It should also support the ability to form images in mind. Students should be able to describe various situations with the aid of graphs, solve the given problem expressed by the graph, and translate the solution back into the initial situation. As a lot of our students are visual learners it is useful to complete teaching and learning using various multimedia applications. One of the programs enabling visual representation of basic graph-concepts and graph-algorithms is introduced in the paper, as well as relevant educational principles, which have been applied in the course of many years. The paper can serve to the teachers and instructors as an inspirational material when dealing with graph theory and combinatorial optimization.

This paper introduces a multivariable version of the Grünwald-Letnikov fractional-order difference (FD) and approximates it with a powerful combination of finite fractional difference (FFD) and finite Laguerre-based difference (FLD) to yield finite fractional/Laguerre-based difference (FFLD). The multivariable FFLD is effectively used to model fractional-order state-space LTI MIMO systems.

Real-time vehicle routing problems arise in a number of applications spanning from couriers to emergency services. In this article, we present a new dispatching policy for the dynamic and stochastic pickup and delivery problem, in which a fleet of vehicles must service a set of dynamically occurring customers requests that are partitioned in several classes (according to their priority). The basic idea of our policy is to reserve a fraction of the fleet capacity to the top prior classes that deserve to be serviced as soon as possible. Moreover, our dispatching policy is parameterized and the optimal parameter setting is determined by solving an off-line training problem on a sample of the instance population. To asses the quality of our approach, we compare it with two policies already proposed in the literature, namely a reactive and an anticipatory procedure. Computational results on randomly-generated instances indicate that our procedure can often match the quality of an anticipatory algorithm with a computational effort comparable to that of a reactive approach.