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Published in:
2016 | OriginalPaper | Chapter
19. Automotive Camera (Hardware)
Authors : Martin Punke, Stefan Menzel, Boris Werthessen, Nicolaj Stache, Maximilian Höpfl
Published in: Handbook of Driver Assistance Systems
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
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Abstract
Today’s traffic environment, such as traffic and information signs, road markings, and vehicles, is designed for human visual perception (even if first approaches for automatic evaluation by electronic sensor systems in the vehicle exist – see Chap. 50, “Intersection Assistance”). This is done by different shapes, colors, or a temporal change of the signals.
It is therefore a good choice to use a system similar to the human eye for machine perception of the environment. Camera systems are ideal candidates as they offer a comparable spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution. In addition to the “replica” of human vision, specific camera systems can provide other functions, including imaging in infrared spectral regions for night vision or a direct distance measurement.
This chapter covers details on specific applications of camera-based driver assistance systems and the resulting technical needs for the camera system. Use cases covering the outside and inside of the vehicle are shown. The basis of every camera system is the camera module with its main parts – the lens system and the image sensor. The underlying technology is described, and the formation of the camera image is discussed. Moving to the system level, basic camera architectures including mono and stereo systems are analyzed. The chapter is completed with a discussion of the calibration of camera systems.