Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Business Ethics 2/2021

17-12-2019 | Original Paper

B Corp Certification and Its Impact on Organizations Over Time

Authors: Malu Villela, Sergio Bulgacov, Glenn Morgan

Published in: Journal of Business Ethics | Issue 2/2021

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This study explores the impact of B Corp certification and its associated impact assessment on four case studies of small and medium-sized Brazilian companies certified as B Corps. The results reveal that although all companies had achieved high scores in the certification assessment, awarded on the basis of existing performance, they did not subsequently develop road maps for the future to improve their scores in the way which the B Corp Impact Assessment process endorses as one of the benefits of certification. Their incremental changes are discussed in the light of the main motivations and expectations of these companies’ founders with regard to the certification. A central role of the B Corp certification for this group of companies was to improve their external reputation with investors, clients and consumers. They were not strongly driven to reshape internal processes in ways which would advance their scores in the impact assessment and which would tackle complex problems of corporate governance. Our findings contribute to enriching the discussion of stakeholder engagement and corporate governance in hybrid organizations and contribute to the emerging agenda on studying change over time in B Corps.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
go back to reference Aglietta, M., & Reberioux, A. (2005). Corporate governance adrift: A critique of shareholder value. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. Aglietta, M., & Reberioux, A. (2005). Corporate governance adrift: A critique of shareholder value. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
go back to reference Bacq, S. C., Janssen, F., & Kickul, J. R. (2011). Governing for impact and performance within social entrepreneurial ventures: The mediating role of organizational capabilities. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 31(19), 629–643. Bacq, S. C., Janssen, F., & Kickul, J. R. (2011). Governing for impact and performance within social entrepreneurial ventures: The mediating role of organizational capabilities. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 31(19), 629–643.
go back to reference Battilana, J., & Dorado, S. (2010). Building sustainable hybrid organizations: The case of commercial microfinance organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 53, 1419–1440. Battilana, J., & Dorado, S. (2010). Building sustainable hybrid organizations: The case of commercial microfinance organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 53, 1419–1440.
go back to reference Battilana, J., & Lee, M. (2014). Advancing research on hybrid organizing—Insights from the study of social enterprises. The Academy of Management Annals, 8(1), 397–441. Battilana, J., & Lee, M. (2014). Advancing research on hybrid organizing—Insights from the study of social enterprises. The Academy of Management Annals, 8(1), 397–441.
go back to reference Battilana, B. J., Lee, M., Walker, J., & Dorsey, C. (2012). In search of the hybrid ideal. Standard Social Innovation Review, 10(3), 51–55. Battilana, B. J., Lee, M., Walker, J., & Dorsey, C. (2012). In search of the hybrid ideal. Standard Social Innovation Review, 10(3), 51–55.
go back to reference Boeger, N., & Villiers, C. (2018). Shaping the corporate landscape: Towards corporate reform and enterprise diversity. Oxford: Hart Publishing. Boeger, N., & Villiers, C. (2018). Shaping the corporate landscape: Towards corporate reform and enterprise diversity. Oxford: Hart Publishing.
go back to reference Bowler, K., Castka, P., & Balzarova, M. (2017). Understanding firms’ approaches to voluntary certification: Evidence from multiple case studies in FSC certification. Journal of Business Ethics, 145(2), 441–456. Bowler, K., Castka, P., & Balzarova, M. (2017). Understanding firms’ approaches to voluntary certification: Evidence from multiple case studies in FSC certification. Journal of Business Ethics, 145(2), 441–456.
go back to reference Bruneel, J., Moray, N., Stevens, R., & Fassin, Y. (2016). Balancing competing logics in for-profit social enterprises: A need for hybrid governance. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 7(3), 263–288. Bruneel, J., Moray, N., Stevens, R., & Fassin, Y. (2016). Balancing competing logics in for-profit social enterprises: A need for hybrid governance. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 7(3), 263–288.
go back to reference Carroll, A. B. (2000). Ethical challenges for business in the new millennium: Corporate social responsibility and models of management morality. Business Ethics Quarterly, 10(1), 33–42. Carroll, A. B. (2000). Ethical challenges for business in the new millennium: Corporate social responsibility and models of management morality. Business Ethics Quarterly, 10(1), 33–42.
go back to reference Clark, P., & Hussey, I. (2016). Fair trade certification as oversight: An analysis of fair trade international and the small producers’ symbol. New Political Economy, 21(2), 220–237. Clark, P., & Hussey, I. (2016). Fair trade certification as oversight: An analysis of fair trade international and the small producers’ symbol. New Political Economy, 21(2), 220–237.
go back to reference Collins, J. (2017). The politics of value: Three movements to change how we think about the economy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Collins, J. (2017). The politics of value: Three movements to change how we think about the economy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
go back to reference Collins, J., & Kahn, W. (2017). The Hi-Jacking of a new corporate form? Benefit corporations and corporate personhood. Economy and Society, 45(3–4), 325–349. Collins, J., & Kahn, W. (2017). The Hi-Jacking of a new corporate form? Benefit corporations and corporate personhood. Economy and Society, 45(3–4), 325–349.
go back to reference Conger, M., McMullen, J. S., Bergman, B. J., & York, J. G. (2018). Category membership, identity control and the reevaluation of prosocial opportunities. Journal of Business Venturing, 33(2), 179–206. Conger, M., McMullen, J. S., Bergman, B. J., & York, J. G. (2018). Category membership, identity control and the reevaluation of prosocial opportunities. Journal of Business Venturing, 33(2), 179–206.
go back to reference Cornforth, C. (2014). Understanding and combating mission drift in social enterprises. Social Enterprise Journal, 10(1), 3–20. Cornforth, C. (2014). Understanding and combating mission drift in social enterprises. Social Enterprise Journal, 10(1), 3–20.
go back to reference Crane, A., & Matten, D. (2016). Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Crane, A., & Matten, D. (2016). Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Doherty, B., Haugh, H., & Lyon, F. (2014). Social enterprises as hybrid organizations: A review and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 16(4), 417–436. Doherty, B., Haugh, H., & Lyon, F. (2014). Social enterprises as hybrid organizations: A review and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 16(4), 417–436.
go back to reference Driver, C., & Thompson, G. (Eds.). (2018). Corporate governance in contention. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Driver, C., & Thompson, G. (Eds.). (2018). Corporate governance in contention. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Ebrahim, A., Battilana, J., & Mair, J. (2014). The governance of social enterprises: Mission drift and accountability challenges in hybrid organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 34, 81–100. Ebrahim, A., Battilana, J., & Mair, J. (2014). The governance of social enterprises: Mission drift and accountability challenges in hybrid organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 34, 81–100.
go back to reference Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 532–550. Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 532–550.
go back to reference Ferreras, I. (2017). Firms as political entities: Saving democracy through economic bicameralism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ferreras, I. (2017). Firms as political entities: Saving democracy through economic bicameralism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
go back to reference Fitzgerald, L., & Dopson, S. (2009). Comparative case study designs: Their utility and development in organizational research. In D. Buchanan & A. Bryman (Eds.), The Sage handbook of organizational research methods (pp. 466–483). London: Sage. Fitzgerald, L., & Dopson, S. (2009). Comparative case study designs: Their utility and development in organizational research. In D. Buchanan & A. Bryman (Eds.), The Sage handbook of organizational research methods (pp. 466–483). London: Sage.
go back to reference Gamble, E.N., Parker, S.C., & Moroz, P.W. (2019) Measuring the integration of social and environmental missions in hybrid organizations. Journal of Business Ethics 1–14. Gamble, E.N., Parker, S.C., & Moroz, P.W. (2019) Measuring the integration of social and environmental missions in hybrid organizations. Journal of Business Ethics 1–14.
go back to reference Gehman, J., & Grimes, M. (2017). Hidden Badge of Honor: How contextual distinctiveness affects category promotion among certified B Corporations. Academy of Management Journal, 60(6), 2294–2320. Gehman, J., & Grimes, M. (2017). Hidden Badge of Honor: How contextual distinctiveness affects category promotion among certified B Corporations. Academy of Management Journal, 60(6), 2294–2320.
go back to reference Goodpaster, K. (1991). Business ethics and stakeholder analysis. Business Ethics Quarterly, 1(1), 53–73. Goodpaster, K. (1991). Business ethics and stakeholder analysis. Business Ethics Quarterly, 1(1), 53–73.
go back to reference Grimes, M. G., Gehman, J., & Cao, K. (2018). Positively deviant: Identity work through B Corporation certification. Journal of Business Venturing, 33(2), 130–148. Grimes, M. G., Gehman, J., & Cao, K. (2018). Positively deviant: Identity work through B Corporation certification. Journal of Business Venturing, 33(2), 130–148.
go back to reference Gulbrandsen, L. H. (2012). Transnational environmental governance: The emergence and effects of the certification of forests and fisheries. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Gulbrandsen, L. H. (2012). Transnational environmental governance: The emergence and effects of the certification of forests and fisheries. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
go back to reference Haigh, N., & Hoffman, A. J. (2014). The new heretics: Hybrid organizations and the challenges they present to corporate sustainability. Organization & Environment, 27(3), 223–241. Haigh, N., & Hoffman, A. J. (2014). The new heretics: Hybrid organizations and the challenges they present to corporate sustainability. Organization & Environment, 27(3), 223–241.
go back to reference Haigh, N., Walker, J., Bacq, S., & Kickul, J. (2015). Hybrid organizations: Origins, strategies, impacts, and implications. Californian Management Review, 57(3), 5–12. Haigh, N., Walker, J., Bacq, S., & Kickul, J. (2015). Hybrid organizations: Origins, strategies, impacts, and implications. Californian Management Review, 57(3), 5–12.
go back to reference Honeyman, R. (2014). The B Corp handbook. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Honeyman, R. (2014). The B Corp handbook. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
go back to reference Hota, P.K., Subramanian, B. & Narayanamurthy, G. (2019). Mapping the intellectual structure of social entrepreneurship research: A citation/co-citation analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 1–26. Hota, P.K., Subramanian, B. & Narayanamurthy, G. (2019). Mapping the intellectual structure of social entrepreneurship research: A citation/co-citation analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 1–26.
go back to reference Jaffee, D. (2010). Fair trade standards, corporate participation, and social movement responses in the United States. Journal of Business Ethics, 92, 267–285. Jaffee, D. (2010). Fair trade standards, corporate participation, and social movement responses in the United States. Journal of Business Ethics, 92, 267–285.
go back to reference Jay, J. (2012). Navigating paradox as a mechanism of change and innovation in hybrid organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 56(1), 137–159. Jay, J. (2012). Navigating paradox as a mechanism of change and innovation in hybrid organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 56(1), 137–159.
go back to reference Jayaraman, L. L., & Min, B. K. (1993). Business ethics—A developmental perspective: The evolution of the free and mature corporation. Journal of Business Ethics, 12(9), 665–675. Jayaraman, L. L., & Min, B. K. (1993). Business ethics—A developmental perspective: The evolution of the free and mature corporation. Journal of Business Ethics, 12(9), 665–675.
go back to reference Joyner, B., & Payne, D. (2002). Evolution and implementation: A study of values, business ethics and corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 41(4), 297–311. Joyner, B., & Payne, D. (2002). Evolution and implementation: A study of values, business ethics and corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 41(4), 297–311.
go back to reference Kerssens-van Drongelen, I. C., & Fisscher, O. A. M. (2003). Ethical dilemmas in performance measurement. Journal of Business Ethics, 45(1–2), 51–63. Kerssens-van Drongelen, I. C., & Fisscher, O. A. M. (2003). Ethical dilemmas in performance measurement. Journal of Business Ethics, 45(1–2), 51–63.
go back to reference Levillain, K., Parker, S., Ridly-Duff, R., Segrestin, B., Veldman, J., & Willmott, H. (2018). Protecting long term commitment: Legal and organizational means. In C. Driver & G. Thompson (Eds.), Corporate governance in contention (pp. 42–65). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Levillain, K., Parker, S., Ridly-Duff, R., Segrestin, B., Veldman, J., & Willmott, H. (2018). Protecting long term commitment: Legal and organizational means. In C. Driver & G. Thompson (Eds.), Corporate governance in contention (pp. 42–65). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Locke, R. M. (2013). The promises and limites of private power: Promoting labor standards in global economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Locke, R. M. (2013). The promises and limites of private power: Promoting labor standards in global economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
go back to reference Mair, J., Mayer, J., & Lutz, E. (2015). Navigating institutional plurality: Organizational governance in hybrid organizations. Organization Studies, 36(6), 713–739. Mair, J., Mayer, J., & Lutz, E. (2015). Navigating institutional plurality: Organizational governance in hybrid organizations. Organization Studies, 36(6), 713–739.
go back to reference Mayer, C. (2013). Firm commitment: Why the corporation is failing us and how to restore trust in it. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mayer, C. (2013). Firm commitment: Why the corporation is failing us and how to restore trust in it. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Mayer, C. (2016). Reinventing the corporation. Journal of the British Academy, 4, 53–72. Mayer, C. (2016). Reinventing the corporation. Journal of the British Academy, 4, 53–72.
go back to reference Mayer, C. (2018). Prosperity: Better business makes the greater good. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mayer, C. (2018). Prosperity: Better business makes the greater good. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Moroz, P. W., Branzei, O., Parker, S. C., & Gamble, E. N. (2018). Imprinting with purpose: Prosocial opportunities and B Corp certification. Journal of Business Venturing, 33(2), 117–129. Moroz, P. W., Branzei, O., Parker, S. C., & Gamble, E. N. (2018). Imprinting with purpose: Prosocial opportunities and B Corp certification. Journal of Business Venturing, 33(2), 117–129.
go back to reference Pache, A.-C., & Santos, F. (2013). Inside the hybrid organization: Selective coupling as a response to conflicting institutional logics. Academy of Management Journal, 56, 972–1001. Pache, A.-C., & Santos, F. (2013). Inside the hybrid organization: Selective coupling as a response to conflicting institutional logics. Academy of Management Journal, 56, 972–1001.
go back to reference Parker, S. C., Gamble, E. N., Moroz, P. W., & Branzei, O. (2019). The impact of B Lab certification on firm growth. Academy of Management Discoveries, 5(1), 57–77. Parker, S. C., Gamble, E. N., Moroz, P. W., & Branzei, O. (2019). The impact of B Lab certification on firm growth. Academy of Management Discoveries, 5(1), 57–77.
go back to reference Rawhouser, H., Cummings, M., & Crane, A. (2015). Benefit corporation legislation and the emergence of a social hybrid category. California Management Review, 57(3), 13–35. Rawhouser, H., Cummings, M., & Crane, A. (2015). Benefit corporation legislation and the emergence of a social hybrid category. California Management Review, 57(3), 13–35.
go back to reference Reiser, D. B. (2011). Benefit corporations—A sustainable form of organization? Wake Forest Law Review, 46, 591–625. Reiser, D. B. (2011). Benefit corporations—A sustainable form of organization? Wake Forest Law Review, 46, 591–625.
go back to reference Sharma, G., Beveridge, A. J., & Haigh, N. (2018). A configural framework of practice change for B corporations. Journal of Business Venturing, 33(2), 207–224. Sharma, G., Beveridge, A. J., & Haigh, N. (2018). A configural framework of practice change for B corporations. Journal of Business Venturing, 33(2), 207–224.
go back to reference Smith, N. C., & Ronnegard, D. (2016). Shareholder primacy, corporate social responsibility and the role of business schools. Journal of Business Ethics, 134(3), 463–478. Smith, N. C., & Ronnegard, D. (2016). Shareholder primacy, corporate social responsibility and the role of business schools. Journal of Business Ethics, 134(3), 463–478.
go back to reference Spear, R., Cornforth, C., & Aiken, M. (2009). The governance challenges of social enterprises: Evidence from a UK empirical study. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 80(2), 247–273. Spear, R., Cornforth, C., & Aiken, M. (2009). The governance challenges of social enterprises: Evidence from a UK empirical study. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 80(2), 247–273.
go back to reference Steurer, R., Langer, M. E., Konrad, A., & Martinuzzi, A. (2005). Corporation, stakeholders and sustainable development: A theoretical exploration of business-society relations. Journal of Business Ethics, 61(3), 263–281. Steurer, R., Langer, M. E., Konrad, A., & Martinuzzi, A. (2005). Corporation, stakeholders and sustainable development: A theoretical exploration of business-society relations. Journal of Business Ethics, 61(3), 263–281.
go back to reference Stout, L. A. (2012). The shareholder value myth: How putting shareholders first harms investors, corporations, and the public. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler. Stout, L. A. (2012). The shareholder value myth: How putting shareholders first harms investors, corporations, and the public. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
go back to reference Stubbs, W. (2017). Sustainable entrepreneurship and B Corps. Business Strategy and the Environment, 26(3), 331–344. Stubbs, W. (2017). Sustainable entrepreneurship and B Corps. Business Strategy and the Environment, 26(3), 331–344.
go back to reference Winkler, A-L. P., Brown, J. A., & Finegold, D. L. (2018). Employees as conduits for effective stakeholder engagement: An example from B Corporations. Journal of Business Ethics, 1–24. Winkler, A-L. P., Brown, J. A., & Finegold, D. L. (2018). Employees as conduits for effective stakeholder engagement: An example from B Corporations. Journal of Business Ethics, 1–24.
go back to reference Yin, R. K. (1994). Case study research: Design and methods (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Yin, R. K. (1994). Case study research: Design and methods (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
go back to reference Zadek, S., Evans, R., & Pruzan, P. (1997). Building corporate accountability. London: Routledge. Zadek, S., Evans, R., & Pruzan, P. (1997). Building corporate accountability. London: Routledge.
Metadata
Title
B Corp Certification and Its Impact on Organizations Over Time
Authors
Malu Villela
Sergio Bulgacov
Glenn Morgan
Publication date
17-12-2019
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Journal of Business Ethics / Issue 2/2021
Print ISSN: 0167-4544
Electronic ISSN: 1573-0697
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04372-9

Other articles of this Issue 2/2021

Journal of Business Ethics 2/2021 Go to the issue

Premium Partner