Skip to main content
Top
Published in:
Cover of the book

2014 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

1. Background

Author : William Sims Bainbridge

Published in: Personality Capture and Emulation

Publisher: Springer London

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Leading computer scientists as well as technology visionaries have predicted that eventually human personalities will be archived and simulated through information systems. This chapter anchors those ideas in the history of the personology movement at Harvard University in the mid twentieth century and in the parallel questionnaire research tradition in social psychology and sociology. Despite the faded reputation of psychoanalysis, and the rise of cognitive science, depth psychology in modernized form must be central to this novel response to death. Administration of afterlife questions from the General Social Survey to members of a radical group show how cultures and subcultures both shape individuals. Thus, capture must involve not only the individual, but to some degree the surrounding society as well, and emulation must benefit other people. Five scenarios for the future of personality capture and emulation range from radical to modest: (1) Transmigration: the transfer of human personalities to a new substrate at high fidelity, (2) Apotheosis: creation of an idealized functioning model of an individual person, (3) Progeny: representing a person through multiple agents during the lifetime as well as afterward, (4) Incorporation: providing partial immortality by embedding a person into the collective memory of the community, and (5) Personalization: adjustment of an individual’s tools to reflect personal beliefs, values, and skills.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Kurzweil, R. (1999). The age of spiritual machines: When computers exceed human intelligence. New York: Viking. Kurzweil, R. (1999). The age of spiritual machines: When computers exceed human intelligence. New York: Viking.
2.
go back to reference Kurzweil, R. (2005). The singularity is near: When humans transcend biology. New York: Viking. Kurzweil, R. (2005). The singularity is near: When humans transcend biology. New York: Viking.
3.
go back to reference Kempelmann, F. (2000). Unsterblich durch Selbstüberlieferung. Hamburg: Libri Books on Demand. Kempelmann, F. (2000). Unsterblich durch Selbstüberlieferung. Hamburg: Libri Books on Demand.
4.
go back to reference Hanson, R. (1994). If uploads come first: The crack of a future dawn. Extropy, 6, 2. hanson.gmu.edu/uploads.html. Accessed 13 July 2013. Hanson, R. (1994). If uploads come first: The crack of a future dawn. Extropy, 6, 2. hanson.gmu.edu/uploads.html. Accessed 13 July 2013.
5.
go back to reference Bainbridge, W. S. (2004). “Literary Representations” and “Personality Capture”. In W. S. Bainbridge (Ed.), Berkshire encyclopedia of human-computer interaction (pp. 431–439, 546–551). Great Barrington: Berkshire. Bainbridge, W. S. (2004). “Literary Representations” and “Personality Capture”. In W. S. Bainbridge (Ed.), Berkshire encyclopedia of human-computer interaction (pp. 431–439, 546–551). Great Barrington: Berkshire.
8.
go back to reference Bianchi-Berthouze, N. (2002). Mining multimedia subjective feedback. Journal of Intelligent Information Systems, 19(1), 43.CrossRef Bianchi-Berthouze, N. (2002). Mining multimedia subjective feedback. Journal of Intelligent Information Systems, 19(1), 43.CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Magnenat-Thalmann, N., Kalra, P., & Escher, M. (1998). Face to virtual face. Proceedings of the IEEE, 86(5), 870–883. Magnenat-Thalmann, N., Kalra, P., & Escher, M. (1998). Face to virtual face. Proceedings of the IEEE, 86(5), 870–883.
10.
go back to reference Magnenat-Thalmann, N., & Thalmann, D. (Eds.). (2004). Handbook of virtual humans. Hoboken: Wiley. Magnenat-Thalmann, N., & Thalmann, D. (Eds.). (2004). Handbook of virtual humans. Hoboken: Wiley.
11.
go back to reference Bell, G., & Gray, J. (2001). Digital immortality. Communications of the ACM, 44(3), 29.CrossRef Bell, G., & Gray, J. (2001). Digital immortality. Communications of the ACM, 44(3), 29.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Bell. Accessed 15 July 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Bell. Accessed 15 July 2013.
13.
go back to reference http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/projects/mylifebits/. Accessed 15 July 2013. http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/projects/mylifebits/. Accessed 15 July 2013.
14.
go back to reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Gray_(computer_scientist). Accessed 15 July 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Gray_(computer_scientist). Accessed 15 July 2013.
15.
go back to reference Temple, W. F. (1951). Four-sided triangle. New York: Fell. Temple, W. F. (1951). Four-sided triangle. New York: Fell.
16.
go back to reference Blascovich, J., & Bailenson, J. (2011). Infinite reality (p. 261). New York: William Morrow. Blascovich, J., & Bailenson, J. (2011). Infinite reality (p. 261). New York: William Morrow.
17.
go back to reference Bainbridge, W. S. (2012). The psychoanalytic movement. In W. S. Bainbridge (Ed.), Leadership in science and technology (pp. 520–528). Los Angeles: Sage.CrossRef Bainbridge, W. S. (2012). The psychoanalytic movement. In W. S. Bainbridge (Ed.), Leadership in science and technology (pp. 520–528). Los Angeles: Sage.CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Rachman, S. (1971). The effects of psychotherapy. Oxford: Pergamon. Rachman, S. (1971). The effects of psychotherapy. Oxford: Pergamon.
19.
go back to reference Bandura, A. (1969). Principles of behavior modification. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Bandura, A. (1969). Principles of behavior modification. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
20.
go back to reference Eysenck, H. J. (1985). Decline and fall of the freudian empire. New York: Viking. Eysenck, H. J. (1985). Decline and fall of the freudian empire. New York: Viking.
21.
go back to reference Freud, S. (1918). Totem and taboo (pp. 212–213). New York: Moffat, Yard. Freud, S. (1918). Totem and taboo (pp. 212–213). New York: Moffat, Yard.
22.
go back to reference Malinowski B. (1927). Sex and repression in savage society. New York: Harcourt, Brace. Malinowski B. (1927). Sex and repression in savage society. New York: Harcourt, Brace.
23.
go back to reference Wolpe, J., & Rachman, S. (1960). Psychoanalytic “evidence”: A critique based on Freud’s case of Little Hans. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 131, 135–148.CrossRef Wolpe, J., & Rachman, S. (1960). Psychoanalytic “evidence”: A critique based on Freud’s case of Little Hans. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 131, 135–148.CrossRef
24.
go back to reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Graf. Accessed 10 Feb 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Graf. Accessed 10 Feb 2013.
25.
go back to reference Brown, J. A. C. (1967). Freud and the post-freudians. Baltimore: Penguin. Brown, J. A. C. (1967). Freud and the post-freudians. Baltimore: Penguin.
26.
go back to reference Finkel, N. J. (1976). Mental illness and health. New York: Macmillan. Finkel, N. J. (1976). Mental illness and health. New York: Macmillan.
27.
28.
go back to reference Adler, A. (1927). Individual psychology. New York: Greenberg. Adler, A. (1927). Individual psychology. New York: Greenberg.
29.
go back to reference Erikson, E. H. (1958). Young man luther: A study in psychoanalysis and history. New York: Norton. Erikson, E. H. (1958). Young man luther: A study in psychoanalysis and history. New York: Norton.
30.
go back to reference Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity, youth, and crisis. New York: Norton. Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity, youth, and crisis. New York: Norton.
31.
go back to reference Langer, W. C. (1972). The mind of Adolf Hitler. New York: Basic Books. Langer, W. C. (1972). The mind of Adolf Hitler. New York: Basic Books.
32.
go back to reference Bainbridge, W. S. (2012). The Harvard Department of social relations. In W. S. Bainbridge (Ed.), Leadership in science and technology (pp. 496–503). Los Angeles: Sage.CrossRef Bainbridge, W. S. (2012). The Harvard Department of social relations. In W. S. Bainbridge (Ed.), Leadership in science and technology (pp. 496–503). Los Angeles: Sage.CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Wiggins, J. S. (2003). Paradigms of personality assessment (pp. 93–122). New York: Gilford. Wiggins, J. S. (2003). Paradigms of personality assessment (pp. 93–122). New York: Gilford.
34.
go back to reference http://portalcs.hul.harvard.edu/archives/0036.html. Accessed 28 May 2013. http://portalcs.hul.harvard.edu/archives/0036.html. Accessed 28 May 2013.
35.
go back to reference Murray, H. A. (1955). American Icarus. In A. Burton & R. E. Harris (Eds.), Clinical Studies of Personality (pp. 615–641). New York: Harper. Murray, H. A. (1955). American Icarus. In A. Burton & R. E. Harris (Eds.), Clinical Studies of Personality (pp. 615–641). New York: Harper.
36.
go back to reference Chase, A. (2000). Harvard and the making of the unabomber. The Atlantic monthly, 285(6), 41–65. Chase, A. (2000). Harvard and the making of the unabomber. The Atlantic monthly, 285(6), 41–65.
37.
go back to reference Oleson, J. C. (2000). Book review of Harvard and the unabomber: The education of an American terrorist. Western Criminology Review, 5(1), 70–74. Oleson, J. C. (2000). Book review of Harvard and the unabomber: The education of an American terrorist. Western Criminology Review, 5(1), 70–74.
39.
go back to reference White, R. W. (1952). Lives in progress. New York: Dryden. White, R. W. (1952). Lives in progress. New York: Dryden.
40.
go back to reference Smith, M. B., Bruner, J. S., & White, R. W. (1956). Opinions and personality. New York: Wiley. Smith, M. B., Bruner, J. S., & White, R. W. (1956). Opinions and personality. New York: Wiley.
41.
go back to reference Adorno, T. W. (1950). Else Frenkel-Brunswik, Daniel Levinson, and Nevitt Sanford, The Authoritarian Personality. New York: Harper. Adorno, T. W. (1950). Else Frenkel-Brunswik, Daniel Levinson, and Nevitt Sanford, The Authoritarian Personality. New York: Harper.
44.
go back to reference http://sda.berkeley.edu/archive.htm. Accessed 28 May 2013. http://sda.berkeley.edu/archive.htm. Accessed 28 May 2013.
45.
go back to reference Siegel, P., Hodge, R., & Rossi, P. (1964). Occupational prestige in the United States, 1925–1963. American Journal of Sociology, 70, 286–302.CrossRef Siegel, P., Hodge, R., & Rossi, P. (1964). Occupational prestige in the United States, 1925–1963. American Journal of Sociology, 70, 286–302.CrossRef
46.
go back to reference Temme, L. (1975). Occupation: Meanings and measures. Washington: Bureau of Social Science Research. Temme, L. (1975). Occupation: Meanings and measures. Washington: Bureau of Social Science Research.
47.
go back to reference Bainbridge, W. S. (2002). The endtime family (p. xi). Albany: State University of New York Press. Bainbridge, W. S. (2002). The endtime family (p. xi). Albany: State University of New York Press.
48.
go back to reference Edgerton, R. B. (1966). Conceptions of psychosis in Four East Africa Societies. American Anthropologist, 68(2), 408–425.CrossRef Edgerton, R. B. (1966). Conceptions of psychosis in Four East Africa Societies. American Anthropologist, 68(2), 408–425.CrossRef
49.
go back to reference Spearman, C. (1904). ‘General Intelligence,’ Objectively determined and measured. The American Journal of Psychology, 15, 201–293.CrossRef Spearman, C. (1904). ‘General Intelligence,’ Objectively determined and measured. The American Journal of Psychology, 15, 201–293.CrossRef
50.
go back to reference Ray, I. (1871).A treatise on the medical jurisprudence of insanity. Boston: Little Brown, and company. Ray, I. (1871).A treatise on the medical jurisprudence of insanity. Boston: Little Brown, and company.
51.
go back to reference Descartes, R. (2008). Meditations on first philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Descartes, R. (2008). Meditations on first philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
52.
go back to reference Bloom, P. (2004). Descartes’ baby. New York: Basic Books. Bloom, P. (2004). Descartes’ baby. New York: Basic Books.
53.
go back to reference Bainbridge, W. S. (2010). Cognitive science and the new atheism. In A. Amarasingam (Ed.), Religion and the New Atheism (pp. 79–96). Leiden: Brill. Bainbridge, W. S. (2010). Cognitive science and the new atheism. In A. Amarasingam (Ed.), Religion and the New Atheism (pp. 79–96). Leiden: Brill.
54.
go back to reference Graves, R. (1949). Watch the north wind rise. New York: Creative Age Press. Graves, R. (1949). Watch the north wind rise. New York: Creative Age Press.
55.
go back to reference Bainbridge, W. S. (2013). Ancestor veneration avatars. In R. Luppicini (Ed.), Handbook of research on technoself: Identity in a technological society (pp. 308–321). Hershey, Pennsylvania: IGI Global. Bainbridge, W. S. (2013). Ancestor veneration avatars. In R. Luppicini (Ed.), Handbook of research on technoself: Identity in a technological society (pp. 308–321). Hershey, Pennsylvania: IGI Global.
56.
go back to reference Bainbridge, W. S. (2013). Perspectives on virtual veneration. The Information Society, 29(3), 196–202.CrossRef Bainbridge, W. S. (2013). Perspectives on virtual veneration. The Information Society, 29(3), 196–202.CrossRef
57.
go back to reference Moravec, H. P. (1988). Mind children: The future of robot and human intelligence. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Moravec, H. P. (1988). Mind children: The future of robot and human intelligence. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
58.
go back to reference Stone, P., & Greenwald, A. (2005). The first international trading agent competition: Autonomous bidding agents. Electronic Commerce Research, 5(2), 229–226.CrossRefMATH Stone, P., & Greenwald, A. (2005). The first international trading agent competition: Autonomous bidding agents. Electronic Commerce Research, 5(2), 229–226.CrossRefMATH
59.
go back to reference Rashidi, P., Cook, D. J., Holder, L. B., & Schmitter-Edgecombe, M. (2011). Discovering activities to recognize and track in a smart environment. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 23(4), 527–539, 2011. Rashidi, P., Cook, D. J., Holder, L. B., & Schmitter-Edgecombe, M. (2011). Discovering activities to recognize and track in a smart environment. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 23(4), 527–539, 2011.
60.
go back to reference Thrun, S., & Stanford University (2010). Toward robotic cars. Communications of the ACM, 53(4), 99–106. Thrun, S., & Stanford University (2010). Toward robotic cars. Communications of the ACM, 53(4), 99–106.
61.
go back to reference Durkheim, EÌ. (1915). The elementary forms of the religious life. London: G. Allen and Unwin. Durkheim, EÌ. (1915). The elementary forms of the religious life. London: G. Allen and Unwin.
62.
go back to reference Bainbridge W. S., Brent, E. E., Carley, K., Heise, D. R., Macy, M. W., Markovsky, B., & Skvoretz, J. (1994). Artificial social intelligence. Annual Review of Sociology, 20, 407–436.CrossRef Bainbridge W. S., Brent, E. E., Carley, K., Heise, D. R., Macy, M. W., Markovsky, B., & Skvoretz, J. (1994). Artificial social intelligence. Annual Review of Sociology, 20, 407–436.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Background
Author
William Sims Bainbridge
Copyright Year
2014
Publisher
Springer London
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5604-8_1