Skip to main content
Top

2015 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Behavior Clustering and Explicitation for the Study of Agents’ Credibility: Application to a Virtual Driver Simulation

Authors : Kévin Darty, Julien Saunier, Nicolas Sabouret

Published in: Agents and Artificial Intelligence

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The aim of this article is to provide a method for evaluating the credibility of agents’ behaviors in immersive multi-agent simulations. It is based on a quantitative data collection from both humans and agents simulation logs during an experiment. These data allow us to semi-automatically extract behavior clusters. In order to obtain explicit information about the behaviors, we analyze questionnaires filled by the users and annotations filled by a second set of participants. It enables to draw user categories related to their behavior in the context of the simulation or of their real life habits. We then study the similarities between behavior clusters, user categories, and participants’ annotations. Afterwards, we evaluate the agents’ credibility and make their behaviors explicit by comparing human behaviors to agent ones according to user categories and annotations. Our method is applied to the study of virtual driver simulation through an immersive driving simulator.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Footnotes
1
except for the human or simulated agent question which is not related to the adopted behavior.
 
Literature
1.
go back to reference Arthur, D., Vassilvitskii, S.: k-means++: The advantages of careful seeding. In: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, pp. 1027–1035. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (2007) Arthur, D., Vassilvitskii, S.: k-means++: The advantages of careful seeding. In: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, pp. 1027–1035. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (2007)
2.
go back to reference Berndt, D., Clifford, J.: Using dynamic time warping to find patterns in time series. KDD workshop. 10, 359–370 (1994) Berndt, D., Clifford, J.: Using dynamic time warping to find patterns in time series. KDD workshop. 10, 359–370 (1994)
3.
go back to reference Burkhardt, J.M., Bardy, B., Lourdeaux, D.: Immersion, réalisme et présence dans la conception et l’évaluation des environnements virtuels. Psychol. française 48(2), 35–42 (2003) Burkhardt, J.M., Bardy, B., Lourdeaux, D.: Immersion, réalisme et présence dans la conception et l’évaluation des environnements virtuels. Psychol. française 48(2), 35–42 (2003)
4.
go back to reference Caillou, P., Gil-Quijano, J.: Simanalyzer: Automated description of groups dynamics in agent-based simulations. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, Vol. 3, pp. 1353–1354. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (2012) Caillou, P., Gil-Quijano, J.: Simanalyzer: Automated description of groups dynamics in agent-based simulations. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, Vol. 3, pp. 1353–1354. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (2012)
6.
go back to reference Champion, A., Éspié, S., Auberlet, J.M.: Behavioral road traffic simulation with archisim. In: Summer Computer Simulation Conference, pp. 359–364. Society for Computer Simulation International (1998, 2001) Champion, A., Éspié, S., Auberlet, J.M.: Behavioral road traffic simulation with archisim. In: Summer Computer Simulation Conference, pp. 359–364. Society for Computer Simulation International (1998, 2001)
7.
go back to reference Champion, A., Zhang, M.Y., Auberlet, J.M., Espié, S.: Behavioral simulation: Towards high-density network traffic studies. In: ASCE (2002) Champion, A., Zhang, M.Y., Auberlet, J.M., Espié, S.: Behavioral simulation: Towards high-density network traffic studies. In: ASCE (2002)
8.
go back to reference Drogoul, A., Corbara, B., Fresneau, D.: Manta New experimental results on the emergence of (artificial) ant societies. In: Gilbert, N., Conte, R. (eds.) Artificial Societies the Computer Simulation of Social Life, pp. 190–211. UCL Press, London (1995) Drogoul, A., Corbara, B., Fresneau, D.: Manta New experimental results on the emergence of (artificial) ant societies. In: Gilbert, N., Conte, R. (eds.) Artificial Societies the Computer Simulation of Social Life, pp. 190–211. UCL Press, London (1995)
9.
go back to reference Fontaine, G.: The experience of a sense of presence in intercultural and international encounters. Presence: Teleoperators Virtual Environ. 1(4), 482–490 (1992)CrossRef Fontaine, G.: The experience of a sense of presence in intercultural and international encounters. Presence: Teleoperators Virtual Environ. 1(4), 482–490 (1992)CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Gonçalves, J., Rossetti, R.J.F.: Extending sumo to support tailored driving styles. In: 1st SUMO User Conference, DLR, Berlin Adlershof, Germany, vol. 21, pp. 205–211 (2013) Gonçalves, J., Rossetti, R.J.F.: Extending sumo to support tailored driving styles. In: 1st SUMO User Conference, DLR, Berlin Adlershof, Germany, vol. 21, pp. 205–211 (2013)
11.
12.
go back to reference Javeau, C.: L’enquête par questionnaire: manuel à l’usage du praticien. Editions de l’Université de Bruxelles (1978) Javeau, C.: L’enquête par questionnaire: manuel à l’usage du praticien. Editions de l’Université de Bruxelles (1978)
13.
14.
go back to reference Leplat, J.: Simulation et simulateur: principes et usages. Regards sur l’activité en situation de travail: contribution à la psychologie ergonomique, pp. 157–181 (1997) Leplat, J.: Simulation et simulateur: principes et usages. Regards sur l’activité en situation de travail: contribution à la psychologie ergonomique, pp. 157–181 (1997)
15.
go back to reference Lessiter, J., Freeman, J., Keogh, E., Davidoff, J.: A cross-media presence questionnaire: the itc-sense of presence inventory. Presence: Teleoperators Virtual Environ. 10(3), 282–297 (2001)CrossRef Lessiter, J., Freeman, J., Keogh, E., Davidoff, J.: A cross-media presence questionnaire: the itc-sense of presence inventory. Presence: Teleoperators Virtual Environ. 10(3), 282–297 (2001)CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Lester, J.C., Converse, S.A., et al.: The persona effect: affective impact of animated pedagogical agents. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 359–366. ACM (1997) Lester, J.C., Converse, S.A., et al.: The persona effect: affective impact of animated pedagogical agents. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 359–366. ACM (1997)
17.
go back to reference Likert, R.: A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Arch. psychol. 22, 1–55 (1932) Likert, R.: A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Arch. psychol. 22, 1–55 (1932)
18.
go back to reference Maes, P., Kozierok, R.: Learning interface agents. In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 459–459. Wiley (1993) Maes, P., Kozierok, R.: Learning interface agents. In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 459–459. Wiley (1993)
19.
go back to reference McGreevy, M.W.: The presence of field geologists in mars-like terrain. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environ. 1(4), 375–403 (1992)CrossRef McGreevy, M.W.: The presence of field geologists in mars-like terrain. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environ. 1(4), 375–403 (1992)CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Milligan, G.W., Cooper, M.C.: A study of the comparability of external criteria for hierarchical cluster analysis. Multivar. Behav. Res. 21(4), 441–458 (1986)CrossRef Milligan, G.W., Cooper, M.C.: A study of the comparability of external criteria for hierarchical cluster analysis. Multivar. Behav. Res. 21(4), 441–458 (1986)CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Patrick, J.: Training: Research and Practice. Academic Press, London (1992) Patrick, J.: Training: Research and Practice. Academic Press, London (1992)
22.
go back to reference Pavlov, I.P., Anrep, G.V.: Conditioned reflexes. Dover Publications, New York (2003) Pavlov, I.P., Anrep, G.V.: Conditioned reflexes. Dover Publications, New York (2003)
23.
go back to reference Pelleg, D., Moore, A., et al.: X-means: Extending k-means with efficient estimation of the number of clusters. In: Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on Machine Learning, vol. 1, pp. 727–734. San Francisco (2000) Pelleg, D., Moore, A., et al.: X-means: Extending k-means with efficient estimation of the number of clusters. In: Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on Machine Learning, vol. 1, pp. 727–734. San Francisco (2000)
24.
go back to reference Premack, D., Woodruff, G., et al.: Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind. Behav. Brain Sci. 1(4), 515–526 (1978)CrossRef Premack, D., Woodruff, G., et al.: Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind. Behav. Brain Sci. 1(4), 515–526 (1978)CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Rand, W.M.: Objective criteria for the evaluation of clustering methods. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 66(336), 846–850 (1971)CrossRef Rand, W.M.: Objective criteria for the evaluation of clustering methods. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 66(336), 846–850 (1971)CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Reason, J., Manstead, A., Stradling, S., Baxter, J., Campbell, K.: Errors and violations on the roads: a real distinction? Ergonomics 33(10–11), 1315–1332 (1990)CrossRef Reason, J., Manstead, A., Stradling, S., Baxter, J., Campbell, K.: Errors and violations on the roads: a real distinction? Ergonomics 33(10–11), 1315–1332 (1990)CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Salvador, S., Chan, P.: Toward accurate dynamic time warping in linear time and space. Intell. Data Anal. 11(5), 561–580 (2007) Salvador, S., Chan, P.: Toward accurate dynamic time warping in linear time and space. Intell. Data Anal. 11(5), 561–580 (2007)
28.
go back to reference Serrano, E., Muñoz, A., Botia, J.: An approach to debug interactions in multi-agent system software tests. Inf. Sci. 205, 38–57 (2012)CrossRef Serrano, E., Muñoz, A., Botia, J.: An approach to debug interactions in multi-agent system software tests. Inf. Sci. 205, 38–57 (2012)CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Stoffregen, T.A., Bardy, B.G., Smart, L.J., Pagulayan, R.J.: On the nature and evaluation of fidelity in virtual environments. In: Hettinger, L.J., Hass, M.W. (eds.) Virtual and Adaptive Environments Applications, Implications, and Human Performance Issues, pp. 111–128. Erlbaum, Mahwah (2003)CrossRef Stoffregen, T.A., Bardy, B.G., Smart, L.J., Pagulayan, R.J.: On the nature and evaluation of fidelity in virtual environments. In: Hettinger, L.J., Hass, M.W. (eds.) Virtual and Adaptive Environments Applications, Implications, and Human Performance Issues, pp. 111–128. Erlbaum, Mahwah (2003)CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Witmer, B.G., Singer, M.J.: Measuring presence in virtual environments: a presence questionnaire. Presence 7(3), 225–240 (1998)CrossRef Witmer, B.G., Singer, M.J.: Measuring presence in virtual environments: a presence questionnaire. Presence 7(3), 225–240 (1998)CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Behavior Clustering and Explicitation for the Study of Agents’ Credibility: Application to a Virtual Driver Simulation
Authors
Kévin Darty
Julien Saunier
Nicolas Sabouret
Copyright Year
2015
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25210-0_6

Premium Partner