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2020 | Book

Being a Researcher

An Informatics Perspective

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About this book

This book explores research from the researchers’ perspective: why to engage in research, what methods to follow, how to operate in daily life, what the responsibilities are, how to engage with society, and the ethical issues confronting professionals in their day-to-day research.

The book systematically discusses what every student should be told when entering academic or industrial research so that they can avoid going through the painful process of learning by personal experience and lots of errors. Rather than being technical, it is philosophical and sometimes even anecdotal, combining factual information and commonly accepted knowledge on research and its methods, while at the same time clearly distinguishing between objective and factual concepts and data, and subjective considerations.

The book is about scientific research in general and as such holds true for any scientific field. However, it is fair to say that the different fields differ in their research cultures and in their eco-systems. The book reflects the author’s experience accumulated over almost 50 years of teaching graduate courses and lecturing in doctoral symposia at Politecnico di Milano, University of Zurich, TU Wien, Peking University, and at various conferences, and of academic research in informatics (also known as computer science).

This book is mainly intended for students who are considering research as a possible career option; for in-progress researchers who have entered doctoral programs; and for junior postdoctoral researchers. It will also appeal to senior researchers involved in mentoring students and junior researchers.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. What Is Research and Why We Do It
Abstract
The notions of science and scientific research are discussed and the motivations for doing research are analyzed. Research can span a broad range of approaches, from purely theoretical to practice-oriented; different approaches often coexist and fertilize each other. Research ignites human progress and societal change. In turn, society drives and supports research. The specific role of research in Informatics is discussed. Informatics is driving the current transition towards the new digital society in which we will live in the future.
Carlo Ghezzi
Chapter 2. Research Methodology
Abstract
This chapter focuses on research methods and their historical development, from the seventeenth century to the current age. It recalls the foundational contributions by giants like Francis Bacon, Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton, and many others. It distills the essence of the experimental method and discusses the logic mechanisms—induction and deduction—which drive it together with creativity and ingenuity. It discusses the notion of validity of research results and the approaches through which scientists can provide evidence (and confidence) of validity.
Carlo Ghezzi
Chapter 3. The Products of Research: Publication and Beyond
Abstract
This chapter discusses the products of research and their dissemination. It focuses on scientific publications and on the peer review process that guarantees their quality. It also discusses other forms of dissemination that are becoming quite common, like artifacts and datasets. It describes the publication world, which includes publishers and professional societies. It also is discusses the current trend towards open science and in particular open access to publications.
Carlo Ghezzi
Chapter 4. The Researcher’s Progress
Abstract
This chapter describes how researchers are educated and how they progress in their professional life. It starts from the initial approaches with research by students to the decision to enter a PhD program, and then becoming an independent researcher, finding a position in a research organization and then further progressing. It describes the main choices to make, the skills to acquire, and the main steps of the progress in the context of academic research.
Carlo Ghezzi
Chapter 5. Research Evaluation
Abstract
This chapter is about research evaluation. Evaluation is quintessential to research. It is traditionally performed through qualitative expert judgement. The chapter presents the main evaluation activities in which researchers can be engaged. It also introduces the current efforts towards devising quantitative research evaluation based on bibliometric indicators and critically discusses their limitations, along with their possible (limited and careful) use.
Carlo Ghezzi
Chapter 6. Research Ethics
Abstract
This chapter is about research ethics. It distinguishes between topic-independent ethical principles, which hold for any kind of research, and topic-specific principles, which depend on the specific subject. The former includes issues like fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, as well as conflict of interests, confidentiality, and fair judgement in evaluations. The latter include informed and uncoerced consent when humans are involved in research. Specific comments are made on Digital Ethics: the ethical issues raised by research in Informatics, which is producing unprecedented changes in the world in which we live.
Carlo Ghezzi
7. Correction
Carlo Ghezzi
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
Being a Researcher
Author
Prof. Carlo Ghezzi
Copyright Year
2020
Electronic ISBN
978-3-030-45157-8
Print ISBN
978-3-030-45156-1
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45157-8

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