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2015 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

2. Body and Mind—A Historical Perspective

Author : Jessica Lindblom

Published in: Embodied Social Cognition

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of the history of the conceptions of the relation between mind and body. It begins with the ideas of Plato and Descartes, continuing via Darwin’s work to behaviorism, various (alternative) approaches of agent-environment interaction to the rise of the cognitive revolution in the mid-1950s. The inception of cognitive science resulted in computationalism and the main characteristics of the traditional approach and the criticism thereof are addressed. The final section of the chapter summarizes the main ideas concerning the relation between mind and body from the Ancient Greeks to computationalism.

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von Uexküll seems to have believed that God was the force behind the ‘divine’ plan [47].

According to Dreyfus [4, 5] the Gestaltists would never have accepted the computer metaphor for mind, since they did not believe in stepwise instructions, they rather viewed the mind as an emerging whole; a kind of ‘Gestalt’.

Initially published in French in 1942, but the English version was published in 1963. The French original of the title word ‘Structure’ was the French translation of the German ‘Gestalt’ [63].

According to Dreyfus [4, 5] this “step back” or epoché is the divorced study of consciousness from a kind of meta-level perspective, by putting the everyday experience and the outer world in brackets. It has its roots in Descartes’ method of reason.

According to Loren and Dietrich [65] as well as Priest [63], Merleau–Ponty did not separate cognition from consciousness. The analysis of cognition actually is one aspect in the analysis of consciousness. Hence, what counts as cognition counts as consciousness as well.

A recommended introduction to Heidegger’s work is Dreyfus’ [66] Being-in-the-world: a commentary on Heidegger’s Being and time.

Initially published in French 1945.

Originally published in French 1964.

Originally published as La Construction du Reel Chez l’Infant in 1937, the English version appeared in 1954.

Originally published in Russian 1934.

Although this stance has similarities with Vygostky’s ideas, Gillespie mentions that this social ‘mirror’ approach dates back to the work of Adam Smith (1759, in [107]) by which Mead might have been inspired.

The term was coined by Husserl.

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Title: Body and Mind—A Historical Perspective
Author: Jessica Lindblom
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Book: Embodied Social Cognition
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-20314-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-20315-7

Copyright Year: 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20315-7_2

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