Skip to main content
Top

2024 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

5. Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) and Its Application, Design, and Policy and Strategies

Authors : Farzaneh Boronuosi, Sobhan Aghababaei, Sasan Azad, Mohammad Taghi Ameli, Morteza Nazari-Heris

Published in: Natural Energy, Lighting, and Ventilation in Sustainable Buildings

Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This chapter presents a system description of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) and its application, design, and policy and strategies. The purpose of this study is to review the deployment of photovoltaic systems in sustainable buildings. PV technology is prominent, and BIPV systems are crucial for power generation. BIPV generates electricity and covers structures, saving material and energy costs and improving architectural appeal. BIPV generates clean electricity on-site and reduces building energy consumption through daylight usage and cooling load reduction, contributing to net-zero energy buildings. However, its adoption is limited by higher system costs compared to typical roof-mounted systems. BIPV systems serve as the outer layer of a structure and generate on-site electricity or grid export, resulting in material and electricity cost savings and enhanced architectural appeal while reducing pollution. The BIPV market is expected to grow from $17.7B in 2022 to $83.3B by 2030, with a CAGR of 21.4% from 2022 to 2030. A graphical abstract for PV system deployment in sustainable buildings is shown in Fig. 5.1.

Graphical Abstract

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Peng, C., Huang, Y., & Wu, Z. (2011). Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) in architectural design in China. Energy and Buildings, 43(12), 3592–3598.CrossRef Peng, C., Huang, Y., & Wu, Z. (2011). Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) in architectural design in China. Energy and Buildings, 43(12), 3592–3598.CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Strong, S. (2010). Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), whole building design guide (2011 ed.). Strong, S. (2010). Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), whole building design guide (2011 ed.).
3.
go back to reference Raugei, M., & Frankl, P. (2009). Life cycle impacts and costs of photovoltaic systems: Current state of the art and future outlooks. Energy, 34(3), 392–399.CrossRef Raugei, M., & Frankl, P. (2009). Life cycle impacts and costs of photovoltaic systems: Current state of the art and future outlooks. Energy, 34(3), 392–399.CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Pagliaro, M., Ciriminna, R., & Palmisano, G. (2010). BIPV: Merging the photovoltaic with the construction industry. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 18(1), 61–72.CrossRef Pagliaro, M., Ciriminna, R., & Palmisano, G. (2010). BIPV: Merging the photovoltaic with the construction industry. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 18(1), 61–72.CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Tripathy, M., Sadhu, P., & Panda, S. (2016). A critical review on building integrated photovoltaic products and their applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 61, 451–465.CrossRef Tripathy, M., Sadhu, P., & Panda, S. (2016). A critical review on building integrated photovoltaic products and their applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 61, 451–465.CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Ding, Z., et al. (2018). Green building evaluation system implementation. Building and Environment, 133, 32–40.CrossRef Ding, Z., et al. (2018). Green building evaluation system implementation. Building and Environment, 133, 32–40.CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Khan, J. S., et al. (2019). Evolution to emergence of green buildings: A review. Administrative Sciences, 9(1), 6.CrossRef Khan, J. S., et al. (2019). Evolution to emergence of green buildings: A review. Administrative Sciences, 9(1), 6.CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Thacker, S., et al. (2019). Infrastructure for sustainable development. Nature Sustainability, 2(4), 324–331.CrossRef Thacker, S., et al. (2019). Infrastructure for sustainable development. Nature Sustainability, 2(4), 324–331.CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Sharma, N. K. (2020). Sustainable building material for green building construction, conservation and refurbishing. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29, 5343–5350. Sharma, N. K. (2020). Sustainable building material for green building construction, conservation and refurbishing. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29, 5343–5350.
10.
go back to reference Cabeza, L. F., de Gracia, A., & Pisello, A. L. (2018). Integration of renewable technologies in historical and heritage buildings: A review. Energy and Buildings, 177, 96–111.CrossRef Cabeza, L. F., de Gracia, A., & Pisello, A. L. (2018). Integration of renewable technologies in historical and heritage buildings: A review. Energy and Buildings, 177, 96–111.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Sánchez-Pantoja, N., Vidal, R., & Pastor, M. C. (2021). EU-funded projects with actual implementation of renewable energies in cities. Analysis of their concern for aesthetic impact. Energies, 14(6), 1627.CrossRef Sánchez-Pantoja, N., Vidal, R., & Pastor, M. C. (2021). EU-funded projects with actual implementation of renewable energies in cities. Analysis of their concern for aesthetic impact. Energies, 14(6), 1627.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Shubbak, M. H. (2019). Advances in solar photovoltaics: Technology review and patent trends. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 115, 109383.CrossRef Shubbak, M. H. (2019). Advances in solar photovoltaics: Technology review and patent trends. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 115, 109383.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Pérez-Lombard, L., Ortiz, J., & Pout, C. (2008). A review on buildings energy consumption information. Energy and Buildings, 40(3), 394–398.CrossRef Pérez-Lombard, L., Ortiz, J., & Pout, C. (2008). A review on buildings energy consumption information. Energy and Buildings, 40(3), 394–398.CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Kong, X., Lu, S., & Wu, Y. (2012). A review of building energy efficiency in China during “eleventh five-year plan” period. Energy Policy, 41, 624–635.CrossRef Kong, X., Lu, S., & Wu, Y. (2012). A review of building energy efficiency in China during “eleventh five-year plan” period. Energy Policy, 41, 624–635.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Li, C., & Wang, R. (2012). Building integrated energy storage opportunities in China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(8), 6191–6211.CrossRef Li, C., & Wang, R. (2012). Building integrated energy storage opportunities in China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(8), 6191–6211.CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Quesada, G., Rousse, D., Dutil, Y., Badache, M., & Hallé, S. (2012). A comprehensive review of solar facades. Opaque solar facades. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(5), 2820–2832.CrossRef Quesada, G., Rousse, D., Dutil, Y., Badache, M., & Hallé, S. (2012). A comprehensive review of solar facades. Opaque solar facades. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(5), 2820–2832.CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Jelle, B. P., Breivik, C., & Røkenes, H. D. (2012). Building integrated photovoltaic products: A state-of-the-art review and future research opportunities. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 100, 69–96.CrossRef Jelle, B. P., Breivik, C., & Røkenes, H. D. (2012). Building integrated photovoltaic products: A state-of-the-art review and future research opportunities. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 100, 69–96.CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Yang, T., & Athienitis, A. K. (2016). A review of research and developments of building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 66, 886–912.CrossRef Yang, T., & Athienitis, A. K. (2016). A review of research and developments of building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 66, 886–912.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Delisle, V., & Kummert, M. (2014). A novel approach to compare building-integrated photovoltaics/thermal air collectors to side-by-side PV modules and solar thermal collectors. Solar Energy, 100, 50–65.CrossRef Delisle, V., & Kummert, M. (2014). A novel approach to compare building-integrated photovoltaics/thermal air collectors to side-by-side PV modules and solar thermal collectors. Solar Energy, 100, 50–65.CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Karava, P., Jubayer, C. M., Savory, E., & Li, S. (2012). Effect of incident flow conditions on convective heat transfer from the inclined windward roof of a low-rise building with application to photovoltaic-thermal systems. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 104, 428–438.CrossRef Karava, P., Jubayer, C. M., Savory, E., & Li, S. (2012). Effect of incident flow conditions on convective heat transfer from the inclined windward roof of a low-rise building with application to photovoltaic-thermal systems. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 104, 428–438.CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Shi, L., & Chew, M. Y. L. (2012). A review on sustainable design of renewable energy systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(1), 192–207.CrossRef Shi, L., & Chew, M. Y. L. (2012). A review on sustainable design of renewable energy systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(1), 192–207.CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Jelle, B. P., & Breivik, C. (2012). The path to the building integrated photovoltaics of tomorrow. Energy Procedia, 20, 78–87.CrossRef Jelle, B. P., & Breivik, C. (2012). The path to the building integrated photovoltaics of tomorrow. Energy Procedia, 20, 78–87.CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Browne, M., Norton, B., & McCormack, S. (2015). Phase change materials for photovoltaic thermal management. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 47, 762–782.CrossRef Browne, M., Norton, B., & McCormack, S. (2015). Phase change materials for photovoltaic thermal management. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 47, 762–782.CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Tyagi, V., Kaushik, S., & Tyagi, S. (2012). Advancement in solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) hybrid collector technology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(3), 1383–1398.CrossRef Tyagi, V., Kaushik, S., & Tyagi, S. (2012). Advancement in solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) hybrid collector technology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(3), 1383–1398.CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Cronemberger, J., Corpas, M. A., Cerón, I., Caamaño-Martín, E., & Sánchez, S. V. (2014). BIPV technology application: Highlighting advances, tendencies and solutions through solar decathlon Europe houses. Energy and Buildings, 83, 44–56.CrossRef Cronemberger, J., Corpas, M. A., Cerón, I., Caamaño-Martín, E., & Sánchez, S. V. (2014). BIPV technology application: Highlighting advances, tendencies and solutions through solar decathlon Europe houses. Energy and Buildings, 83, 44–56.CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Fanney, A. H., Dougherty, B. P., & Davis, M. W. (2003). Short-term characterization of building integrated photovoltaic panels. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 125(1), 13–20.CrossRef Fanney, A. H., Dougherty, B. P., & Davis, M. W. (2003). Short-term characterization of building integrated photovoltaic panels. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 125(1), 13–20.CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Agathokleous, R. A., & Kalogirou, S. A. (2016). Double skin facades (DSF) and building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV): A review of configurations and heat transfer characteristics. Renewable Energy, 89, 743–756.CrossRef Agathokleous, R. A., & Kalogirou, S. A. (2016). Double skin facades (DSF) and building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV): A review of configurations and heat transfer characteristics. Renewable Energy, 89, 743–756.CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Yang, H., Zheng, G., Lou, C., An, D., & Burnett, J. (2004). Grid-connected building-integrated photovoltaics: A Hong Kong case study. Solar Energy, 76(1–3), 55–59.CrossRef Yang, H., Zheng, G., Lou, C., An, D., & Burnett, J. (2004). Grid-connected building-integrated photovoltaics: A Hong Kong case study. Solar Energy, 76(1–3), 55–59.CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Corbin, C. D., & Zhai, Z. J. (2010). Experimental and numerical investigation on thermal and electrical performance of a building integrated photovoltaic–thermal collector system. Energy and Buildings, 42(1), 76–82.CrossRef Corbin, C. D., & Zhai, Z. J. (2010). Experimental and numerical investigation on thermal and electrical performance of a building integrated photovoltaic–thermal collector system. Energy and Buildings, 42(1), 76–82.CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Bambrook, S., & Sproul, A. (2012). Maximising the energy output of a PVT air system. Solar Energy, 86(6), 1857–1871.CrossRef Bambrook, S., & Sproul, A. (2012). Maximising the energy output of a PVT air system. Solar Energy, 86(6), 1857–1871.CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Yang, T., & Athienitis, A. K. (2015). Experimental investigation of a two-inlet air-based building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) system. Applied Energy, 159, 70–79.CrossRef Yang, T., & Athienitis, A. K. (2015). Experimental investigation of a two-inlet air-based building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) system. Applied Energy, 159, 70–79.CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Ginley, D. S., & Cahen, D. (2011). Fundamentals of materials for energy and environmental sustainability. Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Ginley, D. S., & Cahen, D. (2011). Fundamentals of materials for energy and environmental sustainability. Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Yella, A., et al. (2011). Porphyrin-sensitized solar cells with cobalt (II/III)–based redox electrolyte exceed 12 percent efficiency. Science, 334(6056), 629–634.CrossRef Yella, A., et al. (2011). Porphyrin-sensitized solar cells with cobalt (II/III)–based redox electrolyte exceed 12 percent efficiency. Science, 334(6056), 629–634.CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Bakos, G., Soursos, M., & Tsagas, N. (2003). Technoeconomic assessment of a building-integrated PV system for electrical energy saving in residential sector. Energy and Buildings, 35(8), 757–762.CrossRef Bakos, G., Soursos, M., & Tsagas, N. (2003). Technoeconomic assessment of a building-integrated PV system for electrical energy saving in residential sector. Energy and Buildings, 35(8), 757–762.CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Huang, M., Eames, P., & Norton, B. (2004). Thermal regulation of building-integrated photovoltaics using phase change materials. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 47(12–13), 2715–2733.CrossRef Huang, M., Eames, P., & Norton, B. (2004). Thermal regulation of building-integrated photovoltaics using phase change materials. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 47(12–13), 2715–2733.CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Chel, A., Tiwari, G., & Chandra, A. (2009). Simplified method of sizing and life cycle cost assessment of building integrated photovoltaic system. Energy and Buildings, 41(11), 1172–1180.CrossRef Chel, A., Tiwari, G., & Chandra, A. (2009). Simplified method of sizing and life cycle cost assessment of building integrated photovoltaic system. Energy and Buildings, 41(11), 1172–1180.CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Keoleian, G. A., & Lewis, G. M. (2003). Modeling the life cycle energy and environmental performance of amorphous silicon BIPV roofing in the US. Renewable Energy, 28(2), 271–293.CrossRef Keoleian, G. A., & Lewis, G. M. (2003). Modeling the life cycle energy and environmental performance of amorphous silicon BIPV roofing in the US. Renewable Energy, 28(2), 271–293.CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Tsoutsos, T., et al. (2013). Training and certification of PV installers in Europe: A transnational need for PV industry's competitive growth. Energy Policy, 55, 593–601.CrossRef Tsoutsos, T., et al. (2013). Training and certification of PV installers in Europe: A transnational need for PV industry's competitive growth. Energy Policy, 55, 593–601.CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Yang, R. J. (2015). Overcoming technical barriers and risks in the application of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV): Hardware and software strategies. Automation in Construction, 51, 92–102.CrossRef Yang, R. J. (2015). Overcoming technical barriers and risks in the application of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV): Hardware and software strategies. Automation in Construction, 51, 92–102.CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Boudet, H. S. (2019). Public perceptions of and responses to new energy technologies. Nature Energy, 4(6), 446–455.CrossRef Boudet, H. S. (2019). Public perceptions of and responses to new energy technologies. Nature Energy, 4(6), 446–455.CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Yang, R. J., & Zou, P. X. (2016). Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV): Costs, benefits, risks, barriers and improvement strategy. International Journal of Construction Management, 16(1), 39–53.CrossRef Yang, R. J., & Zou, P. X. (2016). Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV): Costs, benefits, risks, barriers and improvement strategy. International Journal of Construction Management, 16(1), 39–53.CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Rahman, M. S., Noman, A. H. M., & Shahari, F. (2017). Does economic growth in Malaysia depend on disaggregate energy? Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 78, 640–647.CrossRef Rahman, M. S., Noman, A. H. M., & Shahari, F. (2017). Does economic growth in Malaysia depend on disaggregate energy? Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 78, 640–647.CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Azadian, F., & Radzi, M. (2013). A general approach toward building integrated photovoltaic systems and its implementation barriers: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 22, 527–538.CrossRef Azadian, F., & Radzi, M. (2013). A general approach toward building integrated photovoltaic systems and its implementation barriers: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 22, 527–538.CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Bartak, M., et al. (2002). Integrating CFD and building simulation. Building and Environment, 37(8–9), 865–871.CrossRef Bartak, M., et al. (2002). Integrating CFD and building simulation. Building and Environment, 37(8–9), 865–871.CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Wang, W., Rivard, H., & Zmeureanu, R. (2005). An object-oriented framework for simulation-based green building design optimization with genetic algorithms. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 19(1), 5–23.CrossRef Wang, W., Rivard, H., & Zmeureanu, R. (2005). An object-oriented framework for simulation-based green building design optimization with genetic algorithms. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 19(1), 5–23.CrossRef
46.
go back to reference Kolda, T. G., Lewis, R. M., & Torczon, V. (2003). Optimization by direct search: New perspectives on some classical and modern methods. SIAM Review, 45(3), 385–482.MathSciNetMATHCrossRef Kolda, T. G., Lewis, R. M., & Torczon, V. (2003). Optimization by direct search: New perspectives on some classical and modern methods. SIAM Review, 45(3), 385–482.MathSciNetMATHCrossRef
48.
go back to reference Wright, J. A., Loosemore, H. A., & Farmani, R. (2002). Optimization of building thermal design and control by multi-criterion genetic algorithm. Energy and Buildings, 34(9), 959–972.CrossRef Wright, J. A., Loosemore, H. A., & Farmani, R. (2002). Optimization of building thermal design and control by multi-criterion genetic algorithm. Energy and Buildings, 34(9), 959–972.CrossRef
49.
go back to reference Wright, J., & Farmani, R. (2001). The simultaneous optimization of building fabric construction, HVAC system size, and the plant control strategy. In Proceedings of the 7-th IBPSA Conference, Vol. 1, pp. 865–872. Wright, J., & Farmani, R. (2001). The simultaneous optimization of building fabric construction, HVAC system size, and the plant control strategy. In Proceedings of the 7-th IBPSA Conference, Vol. 1, pp. 865–872.
50.
go back to reference Lee, K.-P., & Cheng, T.-A. (2012). A simulation–optimization approach for energy efficiency of chilled water system. Energy and Buildings, 54, 290–296.CrossRef Lee, K.-P., & Cheng, T.-A. (2012). A simulation–optimization approach for energy efficiency of chilled water system. Energy and Buildings, 54, 290–296.CrossRef
51.
go back to reference Čongradac, V., & Kulić, F. (2012). Recognition of the importance of using artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms to optimize chiller operation. Energy and Buildings, 47, 651–658.CrossRef Čongradac, V., & Kulić, F. (2012). Recognition of the importance of using artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms to optimize chiller operation. Energy and Buildings, 47, 651–658.CrossRef
52.
go back to reference Cassol, F., Schneider, P. S., França, F. H., & Neto, A. J. S. (2011). Multi-objective optimization as a new approach to illumination design of interior spaces. Building and Environment, 46(2), 331–338.CrossRef Cassol, F., Schneider, P. S., França, F. H., & Neto, A. J. S. (2011). Multi-objective optimization as a new approach to illumination design of interior spaces. Building and Environment, 46(2), 331–338.CrossRef
53.
go back to reference Ooka, R., & Komamura, K. (2009). Optimal design method for building energy systems using genetic algorithms. Building and Environment, 44(7), 1538–1544.CrossRef Ooka, R., & Komamura, K. (2009). Optimal design method for building energy systems using genetic algorithms. Building and Environment, 44(7), 1538–1544.CrossRef
54.
go back to reference Charron, R., & Athienitis, A. K. (2006). Optimization of the performance of double-facades with integrated photovoltaic panels and motorized blinds. Solar Energy, 80(5), 482–491.CrossRef Charron, R., & Athienitis, A. K. (2006). Optimization of the performance of double-facades with integrated photovoltaic panels and motorized blinds. Solar Energy, 80(5), 482–491.CrossRef
55.
go back to reference Khalajzadeh, V., Heidarinejad, G., & Srebric, J. (2011). Parameters optimization of a vertical ground heat exchanger based on response surface methodology. Energy and Buildings, 43(6), 1288–1294.CrossRef Khalajzadeh, V., Heidarinejad, G., & Srebric, J. (2011). Parameters optimization of a vertical ground heat exchanger based on response surface methodology. Energy and Buildings, 43(6), 1288–1294.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) and Its Application, Design, and Policy and Strategies
Authors
Farzaneh Boronuosi
Sobhan Aghababaei
Sasan Azad
Mohammad Taghi Ameli
Morteza Nazari-Heris
Copyright Year
2024
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41148-9_5