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2023 | Book

Overview Read chapter Read first chapter

Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X)

Authors: Shanzhi Chen, Jinling Hu, Li Zhao, Rui Zhao, Jiayi Fang, Yan Shi, Hui Xu

Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore

Book Series : Wireless Networks

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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About this book

This book focuses on cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X), currently the most promising wireless communication technology for Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P), Vehicle-to-Network (V2N) and Vehicle-to-Cloud (V2C) communications. Because of its low latency and high reliability, C-V2X has become an essential enabling technology for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) and autonomous driving.

This book begins by introducing readers to the research background and status quo of global development. Then, after analyzing the performance requirements of various V2X applications, the system architecture and technical standards are presented. The two evolving stages of C-V2X, i.e., LTE-V2X and NR-V2X, are introduced in detail. In addition, related technologies such as mobile edge computing, network slicing and high-precision positioning, C-V2X security, C-V2X spectrum requirements and planning, and industrial development and applications are introduced. In closing, the book discusses future applications of and technical challenges for C-V2X.

This book is the first monograph dedicated to C-V2X, offering experts, researchers and engineers from the areas of IT/CT, intelligent transportation, intelligent and connected vehicles (ICVs) an in-depth understanding of C-V2X technology and standards, while also outlining related interdisciplinary research. The book can also be used as a reference resource for both undergraduate and graduate studies.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Overview
Abstract
Firstly, the motivation of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications is introduced briefly. The applications and evolution of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) at different phases in the automotive and transportation industry are reviewed, such as information services, Assisted Driving and Automated Driving. This chapter summarizes V2X and Cellular-V2X (C-V2X), and the confusing concepts are clarified. Then the latest policies and the progress of standardization of C-V2X of the global and Chinese industrial chain are provided to show the development history, the status quo and the future trends.
Shanzhi Chen, Jinling Hu, Li Zhao, Rui Zhao, Jiayi Fang, Yan Shi, Hui Xu
Chapter 2. The Requirements of V2X Applications
Abstract
The requirements of V2X applications which include the basic applications and the advanced applications come from the transportation and the automotive industry are the important main driving force of the technology development. The basic applications have developed from the information services applications to the road traffic safety and the traffic efficiency applications, and will further evolve to the advanced applications supporting Automated Driving and ITS in the future. This chapter analyzes the requirements of diverse V2X applications, and introduces the global standardization of V2X applications so that a preliminary understanding of the V2X applications requirements can be achieved.
Shanzhi Chen, Jinling Hu, Li Zhao, Rui Zhao, Jiayi Fang, Yan Shi, Hui Xu
Chapter 3. V2X Network Architecture and Standards System
Abstract
Firstly, this chapter presents the network architecture of V2X from the perspectives of V2X communications and applications, CVIS and ITS. Then the technical challenges faced by V2X communications are analyzed, and V2X protocol reference model is elaborated. The key technologies and the standardization progress of the two technical V2X standard systems are reviewed: IEEE 802.11p and C-V2X. They are compared from the following three aspects: the key technologies, simulation performance and field tests on the public road. Especially, the results from both simulation and field test on the public road can prove C-V2X outperforming IEEE 802.11p. Finally, the latest progress of IEEE 802.11p and C-V2X spectrum allocation is introduced, and the reasons for selecting C-V2X as the technology and standards route are summarized.
Shanzhi Chen, Jinling Hu, Li Zhao, Rui Zhao, Jiayi Fang, Yan Shi, Hui Xu
Chapter 4. LTE-V2X Technology
Abstract
This chapter introduces LTE-V2X, the first stage of C-V2X technology. Starting with research background and V2X services requirements, we analyze key technical ideas and technical requirements of LTE-V2X, and present the communication modes and the network architecture. Furthermore, LTE-V2X radio interface protocol stack, physical layer structure, resource allocation, synchronization mechanism, congestion control, LTE-Uu interface enhancement and other key technologies are detailed along with LTE-V2X sidelink enhancement technology.
Shanzhi Chen, Jinling Hu, Li Zhao, Rui Zhao, Jiayi Fang, Yan Shi, Hui Xu
Chapter 5. NR-V2X Technology
Abstract
NR-V2X is an important evolution stage of C-V2X to support the communication requirements of future advanced V2X applications for automated driving and platooning. This chapter first describes the standardization background and deployment scenarios of NR-V2X, and then briefly introduces the system architecture and physical layer structure of NR-V2X. Finally, the details of key technologies of NR-V2X are presented, including sidelink technologies such as Hybrid Automatic Repeat request (HARQ), resource allocation, synchronization mechanism, and in-device coexistence operation between LTE-V2X and NR-V2X.
Shanzhi Chen, Jinling Hu, Li Zhao, Rui Zhao, Jiayi Fang, Yan Shi, Hui Xu
Chapter 6. Key Technologies Related to C-V2X Applications
Abstract
In the intelligent transportation and automated driving applications, it is necessary to integrate C-V2X with the key technologies such as Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), 5G network slicing, High Definition Maps (HDM) and high accuracy positioning to provide perception, decision-making and control capabilities. By integrating C-V2X and mobile edge computing, layered intelligent computing architecture can be formed to meet the low latency and high data rate requirements of computation-intensive and data-intensive tasks in C-V2X applications. The integration of C-V2X and the network slicing can flexibly satisfy the differentiated requirements for network capabilities of various C-V2X services. High Definition Map (HDM) provides perception, localization, motion control and path planning capability for automated driving vehicles. High accuracy positioning is an important prerequisite for various advanced applications (e.g., unmanned driving or remote driving) which have stringent positioning performance requirements. Accordingly, this chapter focuses on critical technologies related to C-V2X, such as mobile edge computing, 5G network slicing, high definition maps, and high accuracy positioning.
Shanzhi Chen, Jinling Hu, Li Zhao, Rui Zhao, Jiayi Fang, Yan Shi, Hui Xu
Chapter 7. C-V2X Security Technology
Abstract
The C-V2X system integrates intelligent traffic management, dynamic information service, and intelligent vehicle control through the real-time perception and cooperation among people, vehicles, roads, and networks. It provides various services such as road safety, traffic efficiency improvement, and information entertainment. Compared with the traditional communication system, the C-V2X system has new system composition and communication scenarios, which brings new requirements and challenges in system security and user privacy protection.
Shanzhi Chen, Jinling Hu, Li Zhao, Rui Zhao, Jiayi Fang, Yan Shi, Hui Xu
Chapter 8. Spectrum Needs and Planning
Abstract
Connected Vehicle has become one of the most important application scenarios of 5G. Especially the V2X communication technology has become the forefront of international standards and industrial competition, which can improve road safety, traffic efficiency and support future automated driving. Spectrum is the prerequisite for wireless systems. In order to support intelligent transportation system (ITS) related applications, many regions and countries such as China, Europe, the United States, Japan, South Korea, and so on have allocated dedicated spectrum for ITS services.
Shanzhi Chen, Jinling Hu, Li Zhao, Rui Zhao, Jiayi Fang, Yan Shi, Hui Xu
Chapter 9. C-V2X Industrial Developments and Applications
Abstract
As the mainstream international communication standard, C-V2X is supported by many companies from automotive, telecom and transportation industries. The ecosystem surrounding LTE-V2X technology has been formed. Several cross-industry platforms are established to promote C-V2X application, including standardization, testing, spectrum policy, regulations, business models, go-to-market strategy, etc. Since 2015, many C-V2X testing, demonstration and pilot application have been held all round the world.
Shanzhi Chen, Jinling Hu, Li Zhao, Rui Zhao, Jiayi Fang, Yan Shi, Hui Xu
Chapter 10. Prospects for C-V2X Applications and Technology Evolution
Abstract
C-V2X is the important enabling technology for intelligent transportation and automated driving applications. This chapter analyzes the capabilities provided by C-V2X in these applications firstly, which is followed by the envisioned application phases of C-V2X. Lastly, the prospects for C-V2X technologies as well as research trends are presented.
Shanzhi Chen, Jinling Hu, Li Zhao, Rui Zhao, Jiayi Fang, Yan Shi, Hui Xu
Metadata
Title
Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X)
Authors
Shanzhi Chen
Jinling Hu
Li Zhao
Rui Zhao
Jiayi Fang
Yan Shi
Hui Xu
Copyright Year
2023
Publisher
Springer Nature Singapore
Electronic ISBN
978-981-19-5130-5
Print ISBN
978-981-19-5129-9
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5130-5

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