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Environmental Earth Sciences
Published in: Environmental Earth Sciences 7-8/2011

01-08-2011 | Special Issue

Characterization of indoor and outdoor atmospheric pollutants impacting architectural monuments: the case of San Jerónimo Monastery (Granada, Spain)

Authors: Velichka Kontozova-Deutsch, Carolina Cardell, Maja Urosevic, Encarnación Ruiz-Agudo, Felix Deutsch, René Van Grieken

Published in: Environmental Earth Sciences | Issue 7-8/2011

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Abstract

Indoor and outdoor concentrations of atmospheric gaseous pollutants as well as composition, size, and morphology of particulate matter have been investigated at the monastery of San Jerónimo in Granada (Southern Spain). Complementary micro- and nano-analytical techniques were applied; elemental and mineralogical composition and morphological characteristics of particulate matter were investigated combining electron probe microanalysis at the single particle level, and bulk aerosol samples were analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Microclimatic conditions at the monastery were monitored, and gas concentrations were assessed by means of diffusion tubes subsequently analyzed with ion chromatography. Results revealed high abundances of soil dust particles (aluminosilicates, calcite, dolomite, quartz), salt aerosols (chlorides, sulfates and ammonium-rich salts), and NO2 and SO2 both outdoors and indoors. Amorphous black carbon particles had surprisingly high abundances for Granada, a non-industrialized city. The composition of indoor particles corresponds to severe weathering affecting the construction materials and artworks inside the church; moreover their composition promotes a feedback process that intensifies the deterioration. Chemical reactions between chloride-rich salts and pigments from paintings were confirmed by TEM analyses. Indoors, blackening of surface decorative materials is fostered by particle re-suspension due to cleaning habits in the monastery (i.e. dusting). This is the first air quality study performed in a monument in the city of Granada with the aim of developing a strategy for preventive conservation.
previous article Micro-environmental change as a trigger for granite decay in offshore Irish lighthouses: implications for the long-term preservation of operational historic buildings
next article A comparison of the properties and salt weathering susceptibility of natural and reconstituted stones of the Orval Abbey (Belgium)

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Metadata
Title
Characterization of indoor and outdoor atmospheric pollutants impacting architectural monuments: the case of San Jerónimo Monastery (Granada, Spain)
Authors
Velichka Kontozova-Deutsch
Carolina Cardell
Maja Urosevic
Encarnación Ruiz-Agudo
Felix Deutsch
René Van Grieken
Publication date
01-08-2011
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Environmental Earth Sciences / Issue 7-8/2011
Print ISSN: 1866-6280
Electronic ISSN: 1866-6299
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0657-5

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