Cities in Global Transition

The chapter addresses planning of global cities and the applications of sustainable urban planning (SUP) practices. A background on theory and practice of SUP is presented, particularly applicable to municipalities and districts (group of municipalities) undergoing rapid change (focusing on the effects of global transition). The chapter covers definitions and examples of sustainability and ecologically sustainable development (ESD). Reviews and critiques of writers and key documents on the subject of SUP are presented. Recent (1980s–2016) planning schools of thought (i.e., compact cities, new urbanism, smart growth, eco-city planning and SUP) are also commented on. Finally, examples of current worldwide approaches to planning municipalities and districts using SUP practices is canvassed.

In this chapter a methodology for evaluating the extent of sustainable urban planning (SUP) practices being applied at municipal and district (groups of municipalities) levels is outlined. The chapter commences with an introduction to the planning of Greater Sydney. Three case study districts are nominated, being: Sydney Inner West; Greater Parramatta; and, St George. A methodology is adopted for assessing the extent each municipality within the three districts is applying SUP practices (as outlined in Chap. 1). Key planning principles are then adopted and an outline given on how these principles will be applied to case study districts (and municipalities within). These principles are: (1) Developing Sustainable Urban Centers; (2) Developing Sustainable Transport; and, (3) Protecting the Natural Environment. The process of State initiated local government reform and council amalgamations (given connections to planning Greater Sydney) are also reviewed at this stage. Finally, the chapter notes that conclusions reached in examining the selected districts (and municipalities within) will be used in the final chapter (Chap. 18). That chapter considers Greater Sydney planning reforms that are needed for municipal and district planning to ensure a sustainable Greater Sydney in the future. Finally, understanding these reforms for Greater Sydney, this final chapter will also comment on the means of achieving a sustainable city anywhere in the world.

The chapter addresses the extent Marrickville Council (herein referred to as Marrickville) is applying sustainable urban planning (SUP) practices (see Chap. 1) in planning the municipal area. The chapter acknowledges the Local Government (Council Amalgamations) Proclamation 2016 merging Marrickville with Leichhardt and Ashfield councils noted in Chap. 2). Marrickville (in Sydney Inner West District) is one of twelve municipalities within three Greater Sydney Districts (Sydney Inner West, Greater Parramatta and St George), all considered to be in global transition (see Chap. 2). Examining SUP practices is based on the application of three key SUP principles (as adopted in Chap. 2), being: Developing Sustainable Urban Centers; Developing Sustainable Transport; and, Protecting the Natural Environment.

Firstly, a background to Marrickville development and population changes (e.g. global movement of population) is outlined. To examine the pattern of urban development, four phases of Marrickville development are examined: Early Marrickville; Traditional Marrickville; New Marrickville; and, Future Marrickville. Given conclusions reached here, key Marrickville Council planning documents are then critiqued to determine the extent Council applies SUP practices. In addition, given State planning of Greater Sydney affects Marrickville, a second question is posed: what is the impact of Greater Sydney planning and development on Marrickville? In examining this question, examples of State plans (including State council amalgamations) likely to impact on Marrickville are addressed. By chapter’s end, conclusions are drawn on Council planning and Greater Sydney planning affecting Marrickville. The chapter notes that these conclusions will be addressed further in: Chap. 9 (examining the extent of SUP practices being applied over the whole of Sydney Inner West District); and, Chap. 18 (examining directions for planning a sustainable Greater Sydney or a sustainable city anywhere).

The chapter addresses the extent Ashfield Council (herein referred to as Ashfield) is applying sustainable urban planning (SUP) practices (see Chap. 1) in planning the municipal area. The chapter acknowledges the Local Government (Council Amalgamations) Proclamation 2016 merging Ashfield, Marrickville with Leichhardt councils noted in Chap. 2). Ashfield (in Sydney Inner West District) is one of twelve municipalities within three Greater Sydney Districts (Sydney Inner West, Greater Parramatta and St George), all considered to be in global transition (see Chap. 2). Examining SUP practices is based on the application of three key SUP principles (as adopted in Chap. 2), being: Developing Sustainable Urban Centers; Developing Sustainable Transport; and, Protecting the Natural Environment.

Firstly, a background to Ashfield development and population changes (e.g. global movement of population) is outlined. To examine the pattern of urban development, four phases of Ashfield development are examined: Early Ashfield; Traditional Ashfield; New Ashfield; and, Future Ashfield. Given conclusions reached here, key Ashfield Council planning documents are then critiqued to determine the extent Council applies SUP practices. In addition, given State planning of Greater Sydney affects Ashfield, a second question is posed: what is the impact of Greater Sydney planning and development on Ashfield? In examining this question, examples of State plans (including council amalgamations under the Proclamation noted above) likely to affect Ashfield are addressed. By chapter’s end, conclusions are drawn on Council planning and impact of Greater Sydney planning on Ashfield. The chapter notes that these conclusions will be addressed further in: Chap. 9 (examining the extent of SUP practices being applied over the whole of Sydney Inner West District); and, Chap. 18 (examining directions for planning a sustainable Greater Sydney or a sustainable city anywhere).

The chapter addresses the extent Leichhardt Council (herein referred to as Leichhardt) is applying sustainable urban planning (SUP) practices (see Chap. 1) in planning the municipal area The chapter acknowledges the Local Government (Council Amalgamations) Proclamation 2016 merging Leichhardt, Marrickville and Ashfield councils noted in Chap. 2. Leichhardt (in Sydney Inner West District) is one of twelve municipalities within three Greater Sydney Districts (Sydney Inner West, Greater Parramatta and St George), all considered to be in global transition (see Chap. 2). Examining SUP practices is based on the application of three key SUP principles (as adopted in Chap. 2), being: Developing Sustainable Urban Centers; Developing Sustainable Transport; and, Protecting the Natural Environment.

Firstly, a background to Leichhardt development and population changes (e.g. global movement of population) is outlined. To examine the pattern of urban development, four phases of Leichhardt development are examined: Early Leichhardt; Traditional Leichhardt; New Leichhardt; and, Future Leichhardt. Given conclusions reached here, key Leichhardt Council planning documents are then critiqued to determine the extent Council applies SUP practices. In addition, given State planning of Greater Sydney affects Leichhardt, a second question is posed: what is the impact of Greater Sydney planning and development on Leichhardt? In examining this question, examples of State plans (including State proposed council amalgamations) likely to impact on Leichhardt are addressed. By chapter’s end, conclusions are drawn on Council planning and Greater Sydney planning. The chapter notes that these conclusions will be addressed further in: Chap. 9 (examining the extent of SUP practices being applied over the whole of Sydney Inner West District); and, Chap. 18 (examining directions for planning a sustainable Greater Sydney or a sustainable city anywhere).

The chapter addresses the extent Burwood Council (herein referred to as Burwood) is applying sustainable urban planning (SUP) practices (see Chap. 1) in planning the municipal area. The chapter acknowledges the Local Government (Council Amalgamations) Proclamation 2016 merging Burwood with Strathfield and Canada Bay councils noted in Chap. 2. Burwood (in Sydney Inner West District) is one of twelve municipalities within three Greater Sydney Districts (Sydney Inner West, Greater Parramatta and St George), all considered to be in global transition (see Chap. 2). Examining SUP practices is based on the application of three key SUP principles (as adopted in Chap. 2), being: Developing Sustainable Urban Centers; Developing Sustainable Transport; and, Protecting the Natural Environment.

Firstly, a background to Burwood development and population changes (e.g. global movement of population) is outlined. To examine the pattern of urban development, four phases of Burwood development are examined: Early Burwood; Traditional Burwood; New Burwood; and, Future Burwood. Given conclusions reached here, key Leichhardt Council planning documents are then critiqued to determine the extent Council applies SUP practices. In addition, given State planning of Greater Sydney affects Burwood, a second question is posed: what is the impact of Greater Sydney planning and development on Burwood? In examining this question, examples of State plans (including council amalgamations under the Proclamation noted above) likely to affect Bufrwood are addressed. By chapter’s end, conclusions are drawn on Council planning and impact of Greater Sydney planning on Burwood. The chapter notes that these conclusions will be addressed further in: Chap. 9 (examining the extent of SUP practices being applied over the whole of Sydney Inner West District); and, Chap. 18 (examining directions for planning a sustainable Greater Sydney or a sustainable city anywhere).

The chapter addresses the extent Strathfield Council (herein referred to as Strathfield) is applying sustainable urban planning (SUP) practices (see Chap. 1) in planning the municipal area. The chapter acknowledges the Local Government (Council Amalgamations) Proclamation 2016 merging Strathfield with Burwood and Canada Bay councils noted in Chap. 2). Strathfield (in Sydney Inner West District) is one of twelve municipalities within three Greater Sydney Districts (Sydney Inner West, Greater Parramatta and St George), all considered to be in global transition (see Chap. 2). Examining SUP practices is based on the application of three key SUP principles (as adopted in Chap. 2), being: Developing Sustainable Urban Centers; Developing Sustainable Transport; and, Protecting the Natural Environment.

Firstly, a background to Strathfield development and population changes (e.g. global movement of population) is outlined. To examine the pattern of urban development, four phases of Strathfield development are examined: Early Strathfield; Traditional Strathfield; New Strathfield; and, Strathfield Burwood. Given conclusions reached here, key Strathfield Council planning documents are then critiqued to determine the extent Council applies SUP practices. In addition, given State planning of Greater Sydney affects Strathfield, a second question is posed: what is the impact of Greater Sydney planning and development on Strathfield? In examining this question, examples of State plans (including council amalgamations under the Proclamation noted above) likely to affect Strathfield are addressed. By chapter’s end, conclusions are drawn on Council planning and impact of Greater Sydney planning on Strathfield. The chapter notes that these conclusions will be addressed further in: Chap. 9 (examining the extent of SUP practices being applied over the whole of Sydney Inner West District); and, Chap. 18 (examining directions for planning a sustainable Greater Sydney or a sustainable city anywhere).

The chapter addresses the extent Canada Bay Council (herein referred to as Canada Bay) is applying sustainable urban planning (SUP) practices (see Chap. 1) in planning the municipal area. The chapter acknowledges the Local Government (Council Amalgamations) Proclamation 2016 merging Canada Bay with Burwood and Strathfield councils noted in Chap. 2. Canada Bay (in Sydney Inner West District) is one of twelve municipalities within three Greater Sydney Districts (Sydney Inner West, Greater Parramatta and St George), all considered to be in global transition (see Chap. 2). Examining SUP practices is based on the application of three key SUP principles (as adopted in Chap. 2), being: Developing Sustainable Urban Centers; Developing Sustainable Transport; and, Protecting the Natural Environment.

Firstly, a background to Canada Bay development and population changes (e.g. global movement of population) is outlined. To examine the pattern of urban development, four phases of Canada Bay development are examined: Early Canada Bay; Traditional Canada Bay; New Canada Bay; and, Future Canada Bay. Given conclusions reached here, key Canada Bay Council planning documents are then critiqued to determine the extent Council applies SUP practices. In addition, given State planning of Greater Sydney affects Canada Bay, a second question is posed: what is the impact of Greater Sydney planning and development on Canada Bay? In examining this question, examples of State plans (including council amalgamations under the Proclamation noted above) likely to affect Canada Bay are addressed. By chapter’s end, conclusions are drawn on Council planning and impact of Greater Sydney planning on Canada Bay. The chapter notes that these conclusions will be addressed further in: Chap. 9 (examining the extent of SUP practices being applied over the whole of Sydney Inner West District); and, Chap. 18 (examining directions for planning a sustainable Greater Sydney or a sustainable city anywhere).

Planning of Sydney Inner West District, the first of three case study districts of Greater Sydney, is examined in this chapter. The chapter acknowledges the Local Government (Council Amalgamations) Proclamation 2016 proposed mergers and expanding the boundaries of nominated councils noted in Chap. 2. Having examined the question of global transition and planning practices of the six municipalities within the District, this chapter addresses: (1). planning the Sydney Inner West District as a whole; and, the extent the State (responsible for district planning) is meeting the planning issues. Key planning principles as adopted (Chap. 2) to apply to Greater Sydney (and this district) are applied to the district. These key principles include: (1). Developing Sustainable Urban Centres; (2). Developing Sustainable Transport; and, (3). Protecting the Natural Environment. Sample plans and development projects for Sydney Inner West are critiqued under each of these planning principles. After reaching a conclusion under each planning principle, an overall conclusion is drawn on the extent the State (planning the District) is meeting the planning issues of the District. Finally, it’s noted that these Sydney Inner West District conclusions will be assessed alongside conclusions reached in examining Greater Parramatta District (Chaps. 10, 11, 12, 13) and St George District (Chaps. 14, 15, 16, 17). All these conclusions are examined (Chap. 18) in the context of SUP practices applied to Greater Sydney as a global city (affecting municipal areas within Sydney Inner West and the district as a whole).

The chapter addresses the extent Parramatta Council (herein referred to as Parramatta) is applying sustainable urban planning (SUP) practices (see Chap. 1) in planning the municipal area. The chapter acknowledges the Local Government (Council Amalgamations) Proclamation 2016 proposed expanding the boundaries of Parramatta council noted in Chap. 2. Parramatta (in Greater Parramatta District) is one of twelve municipalities within three Greater Sydney Districts (Sydney Inner West, Greater Parramatta and St George), all considered to be in global transition (see Chap. 2). Examining SUP practices is based on the application of three key SUP principles (as adopted in Chap. 2), being: Developing Sustainable Urban Centers; Developing Sustainable Transport; and, Protecting the Natural Environment.

Firstly, a background to Parramatta development and population changes (e.g. global movement of population) is outlined. To examine the pattern of urban development, four phases of Parramatta development are examined: Early Parramatta; Traditional Parramatta; New Parramatta; and, Future Parramatta. Given conclusions reached here, key Parramatta Council planning documents are then critiqued to determine the extent Council applies SUP practices. In addition, given State planning of Greater Sydney affects Parramatta, a second question is posed: what is the impact of Greater Sydney planning and development on Parramatta? In examining this question, examples of State plans (including council amalgamations under the Proclamation noted above) likely to affect Parramatta are addressed. By chapter’s end, conclusions are drawn on Council planning and impact of Greater Sydney planning on Parramatta. The chapter notes that these conclusions will be addressed further in: Chap. 13 (examining the extent of SUP practices being applied over the whole of Greater Parramatta District); and, Chap. 18 (examining directions for planning a sustainable Greater Sydney or a sustainable city anywhere).

The chapter addresses the extent Auburn Council (herein referred to as Auburn) is applying sustainable urban planning (SUP) practices (see Chap. 1) in planning the municipal area. The chapter acknowledges the Local Government (Council Amalgamations) Proclamation 2016 merging Auburn with Holroyd council noted in Chap. 2). Auburn (in Greater Parramatta District) is one of twelve municipalities within three Greater Sydney Districts (Sydney Inner West, Greater Parramatta and St George), all considered to be in global transition (see Chap. 2). Examining SUP practices is based on the application of three key SUP principles (as adopted in Chap. 2), being: Developing Sustainable Urban Centers; Developing Sustainable Transport; and, Protecting the Natural Environment.

Firstly, a background to Parramatta development and population changes (e.g. global movement of population) is outlined. To examine the pattern of urban development, four phases of Auburn development are examined: Early Auburn; Traditional Auburn; New Auburn; and, Future Auburn. Given conclusions reached here, key Auburn Council planning documents are then critiqued to determine the extent Council applies SUP practices. In addition, given State planning of Greater Sydney affects Auburn, a second question is posed: what is the impact of Greater Sydney planning and development on Auburn? In examining this question, examples of State plans (including council amalgamations under the Proclamation noted above) likely to affect Auburn are addressed. By chapter’s end, conclusions are drawn on Council planning and impact of Greater Sydney planning on Auburn. The chapter notes that these conclusions will be addressed further in: Chap. 13 (examining the extent of SUP practices being applied over the whole of Greater Parramatta District); and, Chap. 18 (examining directions for planning a sustainable Greater Sydney or a sustainable city anywhere).

The chapter addresses the extent Holroyd Council (herein referred to as Holroyd) is applying sustainable urban planning (SUP) practices (see Chap. 1) in planning the municipal area. The chapter acknowledges the Local Government (Council Amalgamations) Proclamation 2016 merging Holroyd with Auburn council noted in Chap. 2). Holroyd (in Greater Parramatta District) is one of twelve municipalities within three Greater Sydney Districts (Sydney Inner West, Greater Parramatta and St George), all considered to be in global transition (see Chap. 2). Examining SUP practices is based on the application of three key SUP principles (as adopted in Chap. 2), being: Developing Sustainable Urban Centers; Developing Sustainable Transport; and, Protecting the Natural Environment.

Firstly, a background to Holroyd development and population changes (e.g. global movement of population) is outlined. To examine the pattern of urban development, four phases of Holroyd development are examined: Early Holroyd; Traditional Holroyd; New Holroyd; and, Future Holroyd. Given conclusions reached here, key Holroyd Council planning documents are then critiqued to determine the extent Council applies SUP practices. In addition, given State planning of Greater Sydney affects Holroyd, a second question is posed: what is the impact of Greater Sydney planning and development on Holroyd? In examining this question, examples of State plans (including council amalgamations under the Proclamation noted above) likely to affect Holroyd are addressed.by chapter’s end, conclusions are drawn on Council planning and impact of Greater Sydney planning on Holroyd. The chapter notes that these conclusions will be addressed further in: Chap. 13 (examining the extent of SUP practices being applied over the whole of Greater Parramatta District); and, Chap. 18 (examining directions for planning a sustainable Greater Sydney or a sustainable city anywhere).

Planning of the Greater Parramatta District, the second of three case study districts of Greater Sydney, is examined in this chapter. The chapter acknowledges the Local Government (Council Amalgamations) Proclamation 2016 proposed mergers and expanding the boundaries of nominated councils. Having examined the question of global transition and planning practices of the three municipalities within the District (Chaps. 10, 11 and 12), the chapter addresses: (1). planning the Greater Parramatta District as a whole; and, (2). the extent the State (responsible for district planning) is meeting the planning issues of the District. Key planning principles as adopted (Chap. 2) to apply to Greater Sydney (and this district) are reviewed. These key principles include: (1). Developing Sustainable Urban Centres; (2). Developing Sustainable Transport; and, (3). Protecting the Natural Environment. Sample plans and developments within Greater Parramatta are critiqued under each of these principles. After reaching a conclusion under each principle, an overall conclusion will be drawn on the extent the State (planning the District) is meeting the planning issues of the District. Finally, it’s noted that these Greater Parramatta District conclusions will be assessed alongside conclusions reached in examining Sydney Inner West District (Chaps. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9) and St George District (Chaps. 14, 15, 16 and 17). All these conclusions are examined (Chap. 18) in the context of SUP practices applied to Greater Sydney as a global city (affecting municipal areas within Greater Parramatta and the district as a whole).

The chapter addresses the extent Hurstville Council (herein referred to as Hurstville) is applying sustainable urban planning (SUP) practices (see Chap. 1) in planning the municipal area. The chapter acknowledges the Local Government (Council Amalgamations) Proclamation 2016 merging Hurstville and Kogarah councils noted in Chap. 2. Hurstville (in St George District) is one of twelve municipalities within three Greater Sydney Districts (Sydney Inner West, Greater Parramatta and St George), all considered to be in global transition (see Chap. 2). Examining SUP practices is based on the application of three key SUP principles (as adopted in Chap. 2), being: Developing Sustainable Urban Centers; Developing Sustainable Transport; and, Protecting the Natural Environment.

Firstly, a background to Hurstville development and population changes (e.g. global movement of population) is outlined. To examine the pattern of urban development, four phases of Hurstville development are examined: Early Hurstville; Traditional Hurstville; New Hurstville; and, Future Hurstville. Given conclusions reached here, key Hurstville Council planning documents are then critiqued to determine the extent Council applies SUP practices. In addition, given State planning of Greater Sydney affects Hurstville, a second question is posed: what is the impact of Greater Sydney planning and development on Hurstville? In examining this question, examples of State plans (including council amalgamations under the Proclamation noted above) likely to affect Hurstville are addressed. By chapter’s end, conclusions are drawn on Council planning and Greater Sydney planning. The chapter notes that these conclusions will be addressed further in: Chap. 17 (examining the extent of SUP practices being applied over the whole of St George District); and, Chap. 18 (examining directions for planning a sustainable Greater Sydney or a sustainable city anywhere).

The chapter addresses the extent Kogarah Council (herein referred to as Kogarah) is applying sustainable urban planning (SUP) practices (see Chap. 1) in planning the municipal area. The chapter acknowledges the Local Government (Council Amalgamations) Proclamation 2016 merging Kogarah and Hurstville councils noted in Chap. 2). Kogarah (in St George District) is one of twelve municipalities within three Greater Sydney Districts (Sydney Inner West, Greater Parramatta and St George), all considered to be in global transition (see Chap. 2). Examining SUP practices is based on the application of three key SUP principles (as adopted in Chap. 2), being: Developing Sustainable Urban Centers; Developing Sustainable Transport; and, Protecting the Natural Environment.

Firstly, a background to Kogarah development and population changes (e.g. global movement of population) is outlined. To examine the pattern of urban development, four phases of Kogarah development are examined: Early Kogarah; Traditional Kogarah; New Kogarah; and, Future Kogarah. Given conclusions reached here, key Kogarah Council planning documents are then critiqued to determine the extent Council applies SUP practices. In addition, given State planning of Greater Sydney affects Kogarah, a second question is posed: what is the impact of Greater Sydney planning and development on Kogarah? In examining this question, examples of State plans (including council amalgamations under the Proclamation noted above) likely to affect Kogarah are addressed. By chapter’s end, conclusions are drawn on Council planning and impact of Greater Sydney planning on Kogarah. The chapter notes that these conclusions will be addressed further in: Chap. 17 (examining the extent of SUP practices being applied over the whole of St George District); and, Chap. 18 (examining directions for planning a sustainable Greater Sydney or a sustainable city anywhere).

The chapter addresses the extent Rockdale Council (herein referred to as Rockdale) is applying sustainable urban planning (SUP) practices (see Chap. 1) in planning the municipal area. The chapter acknowledges the Local Government (Council Amalgamations) Proclamation 2016 proposed merging Rockdale with Botany council noted in Chap. 2. Rockdale (in St George District) is one of twelve municipalities within three Greater Sydney Districts (Sydney Inner West, Greater Parramatta and St George), all considered to be in global transition (see Chap. 2). Examining SUP practices is based on the application of three key SUP principles (as adopted in Chap. 2), being: Developing Sustainable Urban Centers; Developing Sustainable Transport; and, Protecting the Natural Environment.

Firstly, a background to Rockdale development and population changes (e.g. global movement of population) is outlined. To examine the pattern of urban development, four phases of Rockdale development are examined: Early Rockdale; Traditional Rockdale; New Rockdale; and, Future Rockdale. Given conclusions reached here, key Rockdale Council planning documents are then critiqued to determine the extent Council applies SUP practices. In addition, given State planning of Greater Sydney affects Rockdale, a second question is posed: what is the impact of Greater Sydney planning and development on Rockdale? In examining this question, examples of State plans (including council amalgamations under the Proclamation noted above) likely to affect Rockdale are addressed. By chapter’s end, conclusions are drawn on Council planning and the impact of Greater Sydney planning on Rockdale. The chapter notes that these conclusions will be addressed further in: Chap. 17 (examining the extent of SUP practices being applied over the whole of St George District); and, Chap. 18 (examining directions for planning a sustainable Greater Sydney or a sustainable city anywhere).

Planning of the St George District, the third of three case study districts of Greater Sydney, is examined in this chapter. The chapter acknowledges the Local Government (Council Amalgamations) Proclamation 2016 proposed mergers and expanding the boundaries of nominated councils noted in Chap. 2. Having examined the question of global transition and planning practices of the three municipalities within the District (Chaps. 14, 15 and 16), the chapter addresses: (1). planning the St George District as a whole; and, (2). the extent the State (responsible for district planning) is meeting the planning issues of the District. Key planning principles as adopted in Chapter 2 to apply to Greater Sydney (and this district) are reviewed. These key principles include: (1). Developing Sustainable Urban Centres; (2). Developing Sustainable Transport; and, (3). Protecting the Natural Environment. Sample plans and developments within St George are critiqued under each of these principles. After reaching a conclusion under each principle, an overall conclusion will be drawn on extent the State (planning the District) is meeting the planning issues of the District. Finally, it’s noted that these St George District conclusions will be assessed alongside conclusions reached in examining Sydney Inner West District (Chaps. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9) and Greater Parramatta District (Chaps. 10, 11, 12 and 13). All these conclusions are examined in Chapter 18 (examining directions for planning a sustainable Greater Sydney or a sustainable city anywhere).

This chapter examines the conclusions from the analyses on planning within the three case study districts of Greater Sydney (Sydney Inner West, Greater Parramatta and St George) (Chaps. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17). The chapter acknowledges the Local Government (Council Amalgamations) Proclamation 2016 proposed mergers and expanding the boundaries of nominated councils noted in Chap. 2. The first conclusion reached was that the State needs to further address the impact of development under the three planning principles (as assessed in earlier chapters) with specific reference to A Plan for Sydney’s Growth (NSW 2014). The second conclusion reached, that new planning arrangements among Councils and the State are needed in planning the Greater Sydney districts, is also addressed. Suggested new planning arrangements focus on six options for planning at municipal and district levels. Comments are then offered on State planning directions for planning a sustainable Greater Sydney. The chapter, finally, addresses how sustainable urban planning (SUP) practices can be used to achieve a sustainable city anywhere. A sample range of planning guidelines are offered for any city in the world to consider to move in the direction of achieving sustainability.