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2018 | Book

Introduction Read chapter Read first chapter

CMOS Readout Chips for Implantable Multimodal Smart Biosensors

Author: Moustafa Nawito

Publisher: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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About this book

Moustafa Nawito describes in detail the development process of a novel platform of Readout Integrated Circuits (ROICs), which enable the realization of miniaturized multi-parameter biomedical implants intended for long-term in-vivo monitoring. He presents new circuits and techniques for fully integrated sinusoidal generation, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as well as on-chip measurement of pH levels, oxygen concentration and temperature. The author draws conclusions of the development process and delivers guidelines for further innovations.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
Ever since their invention, biomedical implants have revolutionized medicine by establishing totally new paradigms in health care. In their earliest forms, implants such as hip replacements or dental implants were used as passive prostheses which serve as a replacement for a failing mechanical structure.
Moustafa Nawito
Chapter 2. The SMARTImplant Project
Abstract
Active Medical Implant Devices (AMID) are witnessing a widespread utilization for the diagnosis, therapy and monitoring of numerous disorders. One important application of AMIDs is long-term monitoring of metabolic and neuronal activities, based on continuous detection of clinical biomarkers via direct tissue measurement.
Moustafa Nawito
Chapter 3. ASIC Version 1
Abstract
Figure 3.1 shows a simplified block diagram of the first version of the ROIC, ASIC v1. As seen, the chip drives and reads two channels for O2 and pH measurements respectively, and one channel for temperature measurements. All input and output electrodes are connected via on-chip switches so as to reduce interference from neighboring channels during a certain measurement. The operation of the ROIC is divided into a digital control part and an analog measurement block, similar to the structure of the used GFQ032 master.
Moustafa Nawito
Chapter 4. ASIC Version 2
Abstract
In the second version of the SMARTImplant ROIC, ASIC2, impedance measurement is added to the functions described in Chapter 3. As it is based entirely on the basic structure of ASIC v1, ASIC v2 contains all the building blocks presented thus far, in addition to new circuitry that implements fully integrated on-chip impedance spectroscopy optimized for biomedical implants. This chapter presents the design requirements and constraints, in addition to the new methods and approaches developed for realizing the sought after functionality.
Moustafa Nawito
Chapter 5. ASIC Version 3
Abstract
The aim of the development of ASIC v3 was to implement the ROIC functionality of the SMARTImplant system using ultra-thin chip fabrication technologies. As presented in Chapter 2, the flexible substrate model of the implant was designed so as to have only a flexible sensor electrode tip implanted inside the body and the rest of the implant electronics placed on the circular pad outside. One of the most important issues with this setup is the resistance of the wires between the electrodes and the readout chip, which have a length of almost 12 cm.
Moustafa Nawito
Chapter 6. Measurement Results
Abstract
To validate the concepts and circuits introduced in the preceding chapters, the different versions of the ROIC have been fabricated and tested. The experiments aimed to verify the simulation results of the chips electrical behavior, to characterize the important building blocks and functions of the ROIC and finally to demonstrate the achieved performance in an actual electrochemical measurement. This chapter presents the aforementioned experiments and results, in addition to an overview of the different test setups constructed for the different ASICs.
Moustafa Nawito
Chapter 7. Summary, Conclusions and Outlook
Abstract
This thesis presented a family of implantable readout ASICs developed for multi-modal in-vivo bio sensing. In this chapter we present a summary of this work and, more importantly, we attempt to draw conclusions that would articulate the core essence of this research and serve as helpful guidelines to similar and future work. Throughout the presentation, a comparative treatment between the strived goals and the actual achieved outcome is carried out. We conclude with a discussion of the research outlook, future work and possible areas of improvement.
Moustafa Nawito
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
CMOS Readout Chips for Implantable Multimodal Smart Biosensors
Author
Moustafa Nawito
Copyright Year
2018
Electronic ISBN
978-3-658-20347-4
Print ISBN
978-3-658-20346-7
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-20347-4