Summary of Co-creation Project1
Rationale for Selection of Field Site
Lessons learned derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation process | Hemelingen | |
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Planning | O-1.1: Start with an existing group of relevant data providers | Identify a district in which a printed neighbourhood guide already exists as a basis for data and identify the group of people that produced it | In Hemelingen there is an existing network of local service and care providers (“Alte Vielfalt”) |
O-1.2: Establish project group of local stakeholders | Identify a district in which a network of service providers already collaborates and which may be interested in extending their collaboration to the development of a digital district guide | Six members of the network “Alte Vielfalt” signaled interest in joining the project group and supporting our co-creation activities | |
Engaging stakeholders | O-2.3: Engage intermediaries to support recruitment | Identify a network/group of service and care providers, which facilitate recruitment within the context of their work | |
Co-creating a service concept | O-3.2: Consider intermediaries as main users of a service | Identify intermediaries, such as service and care providers and investigate how a digital service could support their work | Through the network “Alte Vielfalt” we had access to a variety of service providers to explore how the service could support their work |
Co-creating (open) data | O-4.1: Take into account that information identified as relevant may not be available as open data | Plan ahead to collaborate with various data owners (e.g. service providers) and allow sufficient time for data creation during the co-creation process. Offer a user-friendly backend for inputting data to participants | In Hemelingen a printed neighbourhood guide which provides basic data about the district already exists |
Exploiting | O-6.1: Sustainability remains a big challenge | Identify local stakeholders that can sustain the maintenance of the service early in the process (e.g. identify ways in which the service serves their interests/supports their work) | With a stable and active network of local service providers, the likelihood of identifying actors willing to sustain the service increases |
Introduction to Field Site
The neighbourhoods | Size | Number of inhabitants | Of which aged 65 and above |
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Sebaldsbrück | 509 ha | 10,010 | 2,144 |
Hastedt | 286 ha | 10,674 | 1,813 |
Hemelingen | 934 ha | 10,649 | 1,786 |
Arbergen | 602 ha | 5,950 | 1,504 |
Mahndorf | 644 ha | 5,627 | 1,244 |
Total district | 42,910 | 8,491 |
Co-creation Process
Governing and Managing Co-creation
Lessons learned derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation project | |
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Planning | O-1.1: Start with an existing group of relevant data providers | Identify a district in which a printed neighbourhood guide already exists as a basis for data and identify the group of people that produced it |
O-1.2: Establish project group of local stakeholders | Identify a district in which a network of service providers already collaborates and which may be interested in extending their collaboration to the development of a digital district guide | |
O-1.3.: Consider activities that are feasible | Cut down on the cultural probes pack, to make it less time consuming for participants and facilitators | |
O-1.4.: Consider activities that support use of technology | Allow more time in the co-creation process for participants to get acquainted with technology. Offer tablet support groups outside of the core co-creation activities | |
O-1.5: Establish transparent decision-making procedures | Establish a procedure to document the process and decision-making to all participating stakeholders | |
O-3.2: Consider intermediaries as main users of a service | Identify intermediaries, such as service and care providers and investigate how a digital service could support their work |
Recommendations derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation process |
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O-3.3: Consider a service that is more activating/beyond information provision | Identify and implement potential services that could complement the information provided in a digital district guide |
O-4.2: Less is more. Concentrate on a few categories of objects | Identify and concentrate on a manageable number of categories of objects (in line with the human resources available and involved in the co-creation process) |
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a printed neighbourhood pocket guide had been put together by local stakeholders in 2016. The guide contains information on recreational spaces, meeting places, creative and cultural offers, events, institutions and facilities, possibilities for lunch, sport, infrastructure, living and consulting as well as nice routes for walking. The data in the Mobile Age app are based on this printed guide.
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The district marketing conducted a survey about places to meet and eat which were published on the districts’ Website.
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The network “Alte Vielfalt” publishes guides for older adults in Hemelingen (biannually) that contain comprehensive information on services and facilities for older adults in the district
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The district marketing runs a website where anyone who organises events or activities can announce these.
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A great variety of flyers announcing events and activities.
Engaging Stakeholders
Lessons learned derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation project | |
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Planning | O-1.1: Start with an existing group of relevant data providers | Identify a district in which a printed neighbourhood guide already exists as a basis for data and identify the group of people that produced it |
O-1.2: Establish project group of local stakeholders | Identify a district in which a network of service providers already collaborates and which may be interested in extending their collaboration to the development of a digital district guide | |
O-1.5: Establish transparent decision-making procedures | Establish a procedure to document the process and decision-making to all participating stakeholders | |
Engaging stakeholders | O-2.1: Identify the role of intermediaries in co-creation process | Consider the different roles of intermediaries and explain expectations well in advance (e.g. role of local government, role of service providers in process) |
O-2.2: Consider context in which older adults are invited to participate | Identify a network/group of service and care providers which can host the co-creation process and facilitate recruitment within the context of their work | |
O-2.3: Engage intermediaries to support recruitment | Identify a network/group of service and care providers, which facilitate recruitment within the context of their work | |
O-2.4: Establish older adults as experts | If activities such as cultural probes are reduced (O-1.1), find new ways of establishing older adults’ expertise early on in the process and allow them to reflect on their practices for identifying needs and resources | |
O-2.5: Facilitate role shift of older adults | Define the co-creation process in a transparent and clear way. Communicate tasks early on. Identify interests and abilities of participating older adults | |
Co-creating a service concept | O-3.2: Consider intermediaries as main users of a service | Identify intermediaries, such as service and care providers and investigate how a digital service could support their work |
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A tablet group in a senior residence home;
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A group of older adults that regularly participate in events and activities organised by the protestant church in the district;
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A group of people with mental health problems.
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ButenAktiv: a research team from the public health department of the University of Bremen that conducted a project on physical activities and ageing in the district. After an initial meeting, the collaboration was limited to the inclusion of one of their walks to our digital district guide.
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Accessible City Guide project: a bureau for urban planning that conducts a government-funded project on the accessibility of facilities and routes in the city and that collaborated with us on the measurement of barriers on walking routes.
Involved stakeholders | Number of people involved |
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Older adults | 46 |
Local government | 5 |
Software developers | 2 |
Local service providers | 6 |
Co-creation facilitators | 5 |
Other organisations | 8 |
Intermediaries | 2 |
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the type of activity;
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its location, duration and date;
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a summary of the activities and outcomes (e.g. decisions),
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pictures
Co-creating a Service Concept
Lessons learned derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation project | |
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Co-creating a service concept | O-3.1: Consider methods that connect different activities and relate to defining characteristics of the target group | Use methods that connect different activities and allow for the refinement of the target user groups |
O-3.2: Consider intermediaries as main users of a service | Identify intermediaries, such as service and care providers and investigate how a digital service could support their work | |
O-3.3: Consider a service that is more activating/beyond information provision | Identify and implement potential services that could complement the information provided in a digital district guide |
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Are the categories on the front page the important topics? What is missing?
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Is the content under each topic what you expected it to be? What is missing?
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Are the attributes appropriate to describe the places in the respective category?
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Are the information relevant at all? Can you find them somewhere else?
Working with (Open) Data: Data Walks and Content Creation
Lessons learned derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation project | |
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Co-creating (open) data | O-4.1: Take into account that information identified as relevant may not be available as open data | Plan ahead to collaborate with various data owners (e.g. service providers) and allow sufficient time for data creation during the co-creation process. Offer a user-friendly backend for inputting data to participants |
O-4.2: Less is more. Concentrate on a few categories of objects | Identify and concentrate on a manageable number of categories of objects (in line with the human resources available and involved in the co-creation process) | |
O-4.3: Consider methods for “snowball” data collection | Use methods that allow a variety of older adults to contribute to the data collection |
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Points of interest (Architecture/buildings, historical, green areas, art, other)
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Helpful things (benches, restrooms, railing/handrails, street greening (shade), illumination, other)
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Useful things (shops, services, sport, playgrounds, other)
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Rest points/provision of food and drinks (cafés, restaurants, kiosk, bars, other)
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Sidewalks (Inclination/longitudinal and/or transverse inclinations, narrow places, separation of footpaths and cycle paths, obstacles, breadth, height of the curb, cleanness, surface condition, other)
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Road crossing/unavoidable road use (traffic light available, traffic island available, lowered curb, surface of the road to be crossed
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Size (lanes/tracks) of the road, traffic intensity, pace, other)
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Annoying things (dog excrement, dirt/waste, noise, smell, cyclists on footpaths, other)
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Public transport stops (shelter, other)
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Walks in parks and recreational areas (walks 1–4)The walks were conducted in collaboration with the senior citizen meeting place in one of the neighbourhoods.
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Guided historical walks (walks 5–6)We conducted two walks that were each organised by an older resident that talked about the neighbourhoods’ history.
Role | Description |
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Organiser | One of the local social care service provider acted as organiser of the walks. They published the announcement in their networks and newspapers and also organised with other service providers for visits during lunch time or for coffee and cake |
Guide | The tours were either guided by knowledgeable residents on historical points of interest or planned as walks through parks and recreational areas |
Data collector | Most participants on the walks used a clipboard to note down points of interest, issues with the infrastructure (e.g. missing benches) and other noteworthy things |
Data validator | One of our participants checked the location of benches on the walks as provided by OpenStreetMap. If benches were missing on OSM, he added them; if benches were listed on OSM but not existent, they were deleted |
Photographer | Overall, three older adults participated supported our data collection by taking pictures. Not all pictures could be taken during one of the walk, so all of them volunteered to visit points of interest again |
Content Creation Workshops
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The title of the walk.
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A short description.
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The length of the walk.
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The estimated duration.
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A small image for decoration.
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A long description of the walk.
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A video clip if available.
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An image gallery with a list of previews of all available photos.
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Information on availability of toilets, benches, street lightning and hospitality services along the route.
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The title of the location.
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A short description.
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The relevant categories of the location.
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A long description of the location.
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The address of the location if available or a description of where to find the place, if the place is a bigger area.
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A video clip, if available.
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An image gallery with a list of previews of all available photos.
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Keywords that Give a Brief Description of the Available Offers and Services.
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Information on how to get to the location by public transport
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Information about the accessibility of the location.
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Further important information.
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A block of contact information, like contact person, telephone number, email, homepage, sponsorship/owner and opening hours.
Co-creating Software5
Lessons learned derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation project | |
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Co-creating software | O-5.1: Consider the reduction of prototyping tasks | Devote specific sessions to prototyping and only involve those older adults interested. Establish procedures to feed the continuous development back to participants |
O-5.2: Consider design of application beyond design of user interface | Consider design of data structures and back-end functionality for data maintenance |
Exploiting and Disseminating the Service
Lessons learned derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation project |
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O-6.1: Sustainability remains a big challenge | Identify local stakeholders that can sustain the maintenance of the service early in the process (e.g. identify ways in which the service serves their interests/supports their work) |
Summary of Co-creation Process and Output
Activity type | Number of activities |
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Cooperation meeting | 2 |
Dissemination event | 2 |
Tablet workshop | 11 |
Stakeholder meeting (meetings with project board) | 8 |
Data collection | 2 |
Walking workshop | 7 |
Focus group | 8 |
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data collected and presented in the guide,
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an app providing access to these data,
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an online service in which data and app are embedded.
I also find it simply well turned out optically, with these word contributions or with the small videos, which are inserted and where then you can see the walks and the people, who were there, that I find already beautiful.
In addition to the overall relevance of walks for older adults, the service providers, intermediaries and participants define the value of the service for particular groups of older adults. Most of the stakeholders emphasised the value of the walking guide for older people who are not well oriented in the district. This applies for example to many of the new residents in elderly care homes and residents. The director of association for social work (MoBiLe) statedI believe that […] for other people who already live here, but maybe have always worked, always had a family around them and maybe are now in a situation that they now also have time to do a bike tour or something.
Also the social activities manager confirmed the motivational effect of the app and added that the service can help older people to find their way when walking:With such a portal you reach the people who are still fit, who can still walk, but they are also important to reach, right? Because these are often those who can still walk, but have no more ideas.
The director of the community centre also saw a value for (older) people with mobility issues. On the one hand because the service provides routes with “various difficulty levels”:Well I think that the people who want to know, they will certainly orient themselves to it. […] And I think in this regard it is an excellent thing to get people moving again, because then maybe they know again, where can I can go? Something they may not have known before or haven’t had any idea at all […]. Or if my neighbour tells me, you know, if you want to go out, then just walk into the Schleng-Park then the person also thinks, yes nice, but if I don’t know where the Schleng-Park is and I’m new here then it can be very very helpful, if the route is drawn in correctly and the you have about an idea where to go.
On the other hand, she also considered the service relevant for people who cannot move outside and with the help of the service can “follow the route virtually”. Furthermore, she saw a value for older people with dementia:And they [the walks] are all regarding the length I find them wonderful to walk, that’s also my opinion, even with people with walkers you can walk 2.4 kilometers or 1.8 or what ever […] and I find that quite good that you simply have different possibilities.
The director of the community centre further considered the service particularly relevant for older people with little money, who cannot afford to spend a lot of money for travelling:Our dementia patients, for whom this is also is a great event, even if they may not be able to cope with it in the same way, but perhaps to evoke memories, right, of the past.
In addition, to not having the chance to travel abroad, she saw a general value in „creating experiences that lay right on the door step” also in order to create a better image of the district. This is supported by the statement of a participant that also affirms the increasing relevance of the local environment in older age:And especially in Hemelingen and especially with not only the age structure, but also with the financial structure in this neighbourhood and in this district […] Mahndorf is bourgeois, but in particular here in Hemelingen or also in Sebaldsbrück we have of course also many fellow citizens who simply have no money at all or little and certainly not at all to arrange leisure time.
The social activities manager mentioned the issue of loneliness and fear that in her opinion is addressed by the service. Because as she says for older people “walking alone is associated with fears”. And one of the participants added the social dimension and saidWhy wander far away, good things are so close.
The tendency is always ‘I don’t have anyone to go with me’ or so, […] then you can make an appointment if you want to do this or if you want to do that. And then it always goes ‘If the others would, then I could’ or so. This inertia […] it’s basically like this that many people say ‘I shall go to the park alone?!’ or something. I mean, the best example is Mr G, an Arbergen resident who says ‘I’ve never been to this park’, that fascinates me.
This relative lack of seeing an immediate benefit for the own work may be due to the fact that the intermediaries have been involved—foremostly—as supporters of the process. If we had considered the user role more strongly, we would have set-up a second small co-creation group that looks at the ways they organise and announce walks, the problems they encounter and how a digital service might be helpful. In a final discussion, there was the idea that a separate editing function might support designing and printing the announcement of walks which are pinned on news boards. Another option might be a calendar function with the walks that are offered by different service providers with an online registration, so everybody can see how many people are expected to participate. In a kind of community building even volunteers might suggest or announce walks by themselves on such a platform.So perhaps it is another support, if you have eight walks or ten walks on such a page or in such a brochure and if somehow one is attacked with such questions like ‘where can I go for a walk here at all? There is nothing here’ […] and then one can say, ‘yes you can go to the Schlengpark or where else can you go’ and then you are considering and then you would have the guide and can open it and say, ‘look, there you can, there you can, there’. So you would have something compiled on which you can fall back, which did not yet exist. […] or ‘just have a look at the website, there are ten, twelve suggestions, where you can walk nice routes and, uh, get to know other things without using the car or just by train and bus or maybe actually by bike’.
Further ICT courses are planned by two service providers.Then we will also open a group here for people who have never been engaged with these media before. […] and then we want to show them that it’s not that bad, that you can really do something […] And then I wanted to take your page just as an example, right? So one shows them ‘look’ so they can see, that the Internet can also be used very quickly for one’s own gain, right?
Political objectives | Corresponding part of the guide |
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The district as home Districts are central for integration and social participation and politics should support people to stay in the district as long as possible (ageing in place) | The guide informs older adults of nice places and walks and thereby helps creating an image of the district as worth living |
“Stadt in Bewegung” [City/Citizens in motion] Physical exercises (indoor and outdoor, e.g. in sporting clubs) shall be supported | The guide informs about walking routes and shall motivate older people to exercise outside |
Living together in a growing city Opportunities for social participation will be improved in order to develop the city and improve tolerance for differences | The guide offers the possibility to organize joint walks and thereby supports the social participation of older adults |
Good services for the city and its people | The guide itself is a good service for the district and its image as well as for the people |
Outcome and Impact
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The projects have contributed to more comprehensive information for older adults about the district.
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They have stimulated older residents to engage with digital media.
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They have facilitated the emergence of new services and courses such as tablet, PC and internet groups for older adults.
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They have facilitated social encounters amongst older inhabitants and thereby supported their social connectedness.
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They have given older residents the feeling of being valued and heard, and have encouraged them to play an active role and help shape the future of their neighbourhoods and districts.
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Getting to know the district better;
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Extending their own service portfolio (pc/internet/tablet group);
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Being supported in the advocacy for older people’s interests and rights;
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Expanding contacts to senior networks & to the older residents themselves;
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Being supported in advisory activities for older adults by the information/materials created in the project.
Lessons Learned
Governing and Managing Co-creation
Lessons learned derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation process | Actions taken in Hemelingen |
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O-1.1: Start with an existing group of relevant data providers | Identify a district in which a printed neighbourhood guide already exists as a basis for data and identify the group of people that produced it | The media agency from the first co-creation process had edited a printed district guide for Hemelingen in 2016 in collaboration with the network “Alte Vielfalt”. They provided these data for our intended digital guide |
Lessons learned derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation process | Actions taken in Hemelingen |
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O-1.2: Establish project group of local stakeholders | Identify a district in which a network of service providers already collaborates and which may be interested in extending their collaboration to the development of a digital district guide | Members of “Alte Vielfalt” became part of project board |
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It served as a means to legitimise the project in front of the local district council as something regarded beneficial by local stakeholders.
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It enabled us to have a positive press-coverage featuring relevant local stakeholders.
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It supported the recruitment of older adults.
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It ensured that we would develop a service relevant to local services providers.
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It ensured the sustainability of the service, because local stakeholders volunteered to maintain it.
Lessons learned derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation process | Actions taken in Hemelingen |
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O-1.3.: Consider activities that are feasible | Cut down on the cultural probes pack, to make it less time consuming for participants and facilitators | The cultural probes were reduced to a questionnaire booklet, that allowed us to gain an overview about our participants’ technology use practices and relationship with the district |
Lessons learned derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation process | Actions taken in Hemelingen |
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O-1.4.: Consider activities that support use of technology | Allow more time in the co-creation process for participants to get acquainted with technology. Offer support clinics outside of the core co-creation activities | We introduced the tablets earlier on in the process. We offered some additional training to non-tech savvy participants |
Lessons learned derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation process | Actions taken in Hemelingen |
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O-1.5: Establish transparent decision-making procedures | Establish a procedure to document the process and decision-making to all participating stakeholders | We documented all our activities in a blog and circulated meeting minutes |
Engaging Stakeholders
Recommendations derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation process | Actions taken in Hemelingen |
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O-2.1: Identify the role of intermediaries in co-creation process | Consider the different roles of intermediaries and explain expectations well in advance (e.g. role of local government, role of service providers in process) | Network “Alte Vielfalt” became our gate-keeper; local government endorsed the process |
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They acted as gate-keeper to local government and supported the recruitment of older adults (see also O-2.3)
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They acted as champions of our project and endorsed the process during council meetings.
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They acted as communicators by promoting the project in the local newspapers, their own publications and the district fair.
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They served as data providers with data about their own services and resources.
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They will ensure the sustainability of the service.
Lessons learned derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation process | Actions taken in Hemelingen |
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O-2.2: Consider context in which older adults are invited to participate | Identify a network/group of service and care providers which can host the co-creation process within the context of their work | We conducted the neighbourhood walks in cooperation with a senior citizen meeting centre as part of their service offers |
Lessons learned derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation process | Actions taken in Hemelingen |
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O-2.3: Engage intermediaries to support recruitment | Identify a network/group of service and care providers, which facilitate recruitment within the context of their work | For our first round of focus groups, network members (“Alte Vielfalt”) recruited some of their customers |
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Explorative focus groups with groups of older adults with very different skills and needs. These included:
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A group of older adults with mental health issues
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A group of older adults who regularly participate in activities from the protestant church congregation in the neighbourhood of Hemelingen
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A group of older adults from a seniors residence home
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Recruitment of older adults for walks and walking workshops through the intermediaries’ communication channels.
Lessons learned derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation process | Actions taken in Hemelingen |
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O-2.4: Establish older adults as experts | If activities such as cultural probes are reduced (O-1.1), find new ways of establishing older adults’ expertise early on in the process and allow them to reflect on their practices for identifying needs and resources | While conducting the walks, many of the participants had a lot of knowledge to share about the district. The walks became a lived experience of demonstrating expertise (e.g. about the district) |
Lessons learned derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation process | Actions taken in Hemelingen |
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O-2.5: Facilitate role shift of older adults | Define the co-creation process in a transparent and clear way. Communicate tasks early on. Identify interests and abilities of participating older adults | We recruited the older adults first for the walks and later on for the design and data collection of the digital neighbourhood guide. This was communicated early on and a good mix of local knowledge and technical expertise was assembled |
Co-creating a Service Concept
Recommendations derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation process | Actions taken in Hemelingen |
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O-3.1: Consider methods that connect different activities and relate to defining characteristics of the target group | Use methods that connect different activities and allow for the refinement of the target user groups | The walks served as a thread, that served for the definition of attributes, the collection of data and also the design of the front-end |
Lessons learned derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation process | Actions taken in Hemelingen |
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O-3.2: Consider intermediaries as main users of a service | Identify intermediaries, such as service and care providers and investigate how a digital service could support their work. | We considered the intermediaries and services providers as organisers of joint walks for older adults in a disseminating role. Since some of the members of the project board, provide activities, such as walks for older adults, the service is meant to support their work by facilitating the planning and organisation of joint activities for older adults |
Lessons learned derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation process | Actions taken in Hemelingen |
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O-3.3: Consider a service that is more activating/beyond information provision | Identify and implement potential services that could complement the information provided in a digital district guide | Beyond the mere provision of information about nice places, the digital district guide now provides information about walks. In addition, local service providers offer walks to older residents as part of the digital district guide service |
Working with (Open) Data
Lesson learned derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation process | Actions taken in Hemelingen |
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O-4.1: Take into account that information identified as relevant may not be available as open data | Plan ahead to collaborate with various data owners (e.g. service providers) and allow sufficient time for data creation during the co-creation process. Offer a user-friendly backend for inputting data to participants | We obtained the data from the printed district map. We offered a user-friendly back-end solution for data input |
Lesson learned derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation process |
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O-4.2: Less is more. Concentrate on a few categories of objects | Agree on specific objects to be explored in more detail |
Lessons learned derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation process | Actions taken in Hemelingen |
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O-4.3: Consider methods for “snowball” data collection | Use methods that allow a variety of older adults to contribute to the data collection | Neighbourhood walks included around 46 older adults from the district that contributed comments on relevant aspects |
Co-creating Software
Lesson learned derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation process |
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O-5.1: Consider the reduction of prototyping tasks | Devote specific sessions to prototyping and only involve those older adults interested. Establish procedures to feed the continuous development back to participants |
Lesson learned derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation process |
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O-5.2: Consider design of application beyond design of user interface | Consider design of data structures and back-end functionality for data maintenance |
Sustainability
Lesson learned derived from Osterholz | Actions to be implemented in second co-creation process |
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O-6.1: Sustainability remains a big challenge | Identify local stakeholders that can sustain the maintenance of the service early in the process (e.g. identify ways in which the service serves their interests/supports their work) |