CO₂ Hydrogenation Over Ni-Based Zeolites: Effect of Catalysts Preparation and Pre-reduction Conditions on Methanation Performance

In this work, CO₂ methanation reaction was studied on Ni-based zeolite catalysts, which were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation of USY zeolite with 5 wt% Ni. The effects of the drying method after impregnation, the calcination temperature and the pre-reduction temperature on the catalysts performances were evaluated. The catalysts were characterized by N₂ adsorption, hydrogen temperature programmed reduction, diffuse reflectance UV–Vis spectroscopy (DRS UV–Vis), transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Drying under microwaves irradiation induced remarkable changes on the type, location and reducibility of Ni species at the same time that leaded to effects in the structural and textural properties of the support and in the average nickel particle size. As a result, changes in the catalytic performances were observed. The calcination temperature changed the location and reducibility of the Ni species being concluded that calcining at 300 °C leads to higher conversions and selectivities. At high reduction temperatures the amount of reduced Ni species (active sites) was greater, but the impact of sintering processes was also stronger. For catalysts with 5 % Ni, the reduction at 550 °C was observed as the most favourable. However for 14 % Ni sample no remarkable effects were observed by reducing at higher temperatures. Thus, it was proved that CO₂ conversion and CH₄ selectivity can be maximised through the proper choice of both preparation and pre-reduction conditions.