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2012 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

10. Coherent Optical Communication Systems

Author : Ioannis Roudas

Published in: WDM Systems and Networks

Publisher: Springer New York

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Abstract

The rapid evolution of long-haul optical communications systems, witnessed in the last five years, is due to the gradual adoption of spectrally efficient, multilevel modulation formats, in conjunction with polarization division multiplexing (PDM) and coherent intradyne detection assisted by digital signal processing (DSP). The objective of this tutorial chapter is to briefly review the operating principles of state-of-the-art long-haul coherent optical communications systems. Due to limitations in space, it focuses mainly on coherent optical systems using quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulation.

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Actually, it is necessary to use an effective bit rate of 112 Gb/s, which corresponds to a symbol rate of PDM-QPSK of 28 GBd, in order to achieve a net per channel 100 Gb/s data rate transmission. The reason is that one must take into account the overhead due to current forward error correction (FEC) (~7%) and the Ethernet packet header (~4%). We assume a WDM channel spacing of 50 GHz, which is compatible with the current ITU grid specifications and provides some margin for bandwidth narrowing due to the concatenation of several reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs). Then, the spectral efficiency of these systems is 2 b/s/Hz, i.e., half of the nominal spectral efficiency of PDM-QPSK [12‐14].

In contrast, in the digital communications literature the term coherent is used to refer to demodulation techniques in which the absolute phase of the incoming signal is tracked by the receiver. In optical communications, such receivers are called synchronous. In this report, we will be interested exclusively in coherent synchronous receivers.

Without loss of generality, here we will adopt the term M-PSK instead of the more proper M-DEC-PSK.

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Title: Coherent Optical Communication Systems
Author: Ioannis Roudas
Publisher: Springer New York
Book: WDM Systems and Networks
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-1092-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4614-1093-5

Copyright Year: 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1093-5_10