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Network Modeling Analysis in Health Informatics and Bioinformatics

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01-12-2020 | Original Article

Comparative analysis of ROS-scavenging gene families in finger millet, rice, sorghum, and foxtail millet revealed potential targets for antioxidant activity and drought tolerance improvement

Authors: Himanshu Avashthi, Rajesh Kumar Pathak, Vikram Singh Gaur, Satendra Singh, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Pramod Wasudeo Ramteke, Anil Kumar

Published in: Network Modeling Analysis in Health Informatics and Bioinformatics | Issue 1/2020

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Abstract

Antioxidants play a key role in maintaining cell activity in plants and animals by scavenging reactive oxygen species. Hence, it is very important to understand genes associated with antioxidant activity for improving the varieties. In this study, we compared structural and functional aspects of antioxidant genes viz., APX, DHAR, MDHAR, GR, and SOD of two contrasting genotypes viz. GP-1 (low Ca²⁺) and GP-45 (high Ca²⁺) of finger millet with other cereal crops such as rice, sorghum, and foxtail millet. The structural analysis shows that all genes are conserved and shares almost the same domains such as ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, Fe, and Cu–Zn superoxide dismutase domains which play a significant role in antioxidant activity and drought tolerance. These genes were mainly localized in chloroplast and cytoplasm which prove that both are the major ROS-scavenging sites. Furthermore, several putative cis-acting regulatory elements such as AuxRE, DRE, GARE, G-box, GATA-box, MBS, MYBR, and W-box are also studied and found that these genes are involved in defense mechanisms which allow responses against drought stress. Antioxidant activity of these genes was compared using expression analysis in terms of FPKM values and found that the genes of low Ca²⁺ genotype are highly expressed compared to the genes of high Ca²⁺ genotype and the genes of rice, sorghum, and foxtail millet. These results revealed that a low Ca²⁺ genotype of finger millet has higher antioxidant activity in comparison to high Ca²⁺ genotype and other cereal crops. Based on the results, we hypothesize that these candidate genes could be a target to develop highly antioxidative potential and drought tolerant genotypes of other cereal crops through appropriate breeding approaches.

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Title: Comparative analysis of ROS-scavenging gene families in finger millet, rice, sorghum, and foxtail millet revealed potential targets for antioxidant activity and drought tolerance improvement
Authors: Himanshu Avashthi
Rajesh Kumar Pathak
Vikram Singh Gaur
Satendra Singh
Vijai Kumar Gupta
Pramod Wasudeo Ramteke
Anil Kumar
Publication date: 01-12-2020
Publisher: Springer Vienna
Published in: Network Modeling Analysis in Health Informatics and Bioinformatics / Issue 1/2020
Print ISSN: 2192-6662
Electronic ISSN: 2192-6670
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13721-020-00240-z

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