Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry 2/2024

01-04-2024

Composition, Structure, and Wear Resistance of Surface Nanostructures Obtained by Electric Spark Alloying of 65G Steel

Authors: E. V. Yurchenko, G. V. Ghilețchii, S. A. Vatavu, V. I. Petrenko, D. Harea, C. Bubulinca, A. I. Dikusar

Published in: Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry | Issue 2/2024

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract—

A combination of X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence analysis has shown that the strengthened layer formed during electric spark alloying of 65G steel with a processing electrode made of the T15K6 hard alloy is a nanocrystalline material, the ratio of the crystalline and amorphous phases in which is achieved by changing the discharge energy. Since an increase in discharge energy leads to an increase in surface roughness and its amorphization, there is an optimal value of discharge energy at which maximum wear resistance of the resulting nanocomposites is achieved. At E = 0.2 J, the wear resistance of the hardened layer is 7–10 times higher than the wear resistance of the untreated surface.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Lazarenko, B.R. and Lazarenko, N.I., Elektro-iskrovyi sposob izmeneniya svoistv iskhodnykh poverkhnostei (Electro-Spark Method for Changing the Properties of Original Surfaces), Moscow: Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1958. Lazarenko, B.R. and Lazarenko, N.I., Elektro-iskrovyi sposob izmeneniya svoistv iskhodnykh poverkhnostei (Electro-Spark Method for Changing the Properties of Original Surfaces), Moscow: Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1958.
2.
go back to reference Lazarenko, N.I., Elektroiskrovoe legirovanie metallicheskikh poverkhnostei (Electric Spark Alloying of Metal Surfaces), Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1976. Lazarenko, N.I., Elektroiskrovoe legirovanie metallicheskikh poverkhnostei (Electric Spark Alloying of Metal Surfaces), Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1976.
3.
go back to reference Rukanskis, M., Control of metal surface mechanical and tribological characteristics using cost effective electrospark deposition, Surf. Eng. Appl. Electrochem., 2019, vol. 55, no. 5, p. 607.CrossRef Rukanskis, M., Control of metal surface mechanical and tribological characteristics using cost effective electrospark deposition, Surf. Eng. Appl. Electrochem., 2019, vol. 55, no. 5, p. 607.CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Chernova, G.P., Tomashov, N.D., Fedoseeva, T.A., et al., Increasing the corrosion resistance of alloys by applying coatings to them using the electrospark alloying method, Elektron. Obrab. Mater., 1977, no. 4, p. 42. Chernova, G.P., Tomashov, N.D., Fedoseeva, T.A., et al., Increasing the corrosion resistance of alloys by applying coatings to them using the electrospark alloying method, Elektron. Obrab. Mater., 1977, no. 4, p. 42.
5.
go back to reference Cao, G., Zhabg, X., Tang, G., and Ma, X., Microstructure and corrosion behavior of Cr coating on M50 steel fabricated by electrospark deposition, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2019, vol. 28, no. 7, p. 4086.CrossRef Cao, G., Zhabg, X., Tang, G., and Ma, X., Microstructure and corrosion behavior of Cr coating on M50 steel fabricated by electrospark deposition, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2019, vol. 28, no. 7, p. 4086.CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Tang Chang-bin, Liu Duo-xin, Wang Zhan, and Gao Yang, Electro-spark alloying using graphite electrode on titanium alloy surface for biomedical applications, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2011, vol. 257, c. 6304. Tang Chang-bin, Liu Duo-xin, Wang Zhan, and Gao Yang, Electro-spark alloying using graphite electrode on titanium alloy surface for biomedical applications, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2011, vol. 257, c. 6304.
7.
go back to reference Yurchenko, V.I., Yurchenko, E.V., Fomichev, V.M., et al., Obtaining nanowires under conditions of electrodischarge treatment with Al–Sn alloy, Surf. Eng. Appl. Electrochem., 2009, vol. 45, no. 4, p. 259.CrossRef Yurchenko, V.I., Yurchenko, E.V., Fomichev, V.M., et al., Obtaining nanowires under conditions of electrodischarge treatment with Al–Sn alloy, Surf. Eng. Appl. Electrochem., 2009, vol. 45, no. 4, p. 259.CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Dikusar, A.I., Obtaining nanowires under conditions of electrodischarge treatment, in Nanowires—Implementations and Applications, Abbas Hashim, Ed., Rijeka, Croatia: IntechOpen, 2011, ch. 16, p. 357. Dikusar, A.I., Obtaining nanowires under conditions of electrodischarge treatment, in Nanowires—Implementations and Applications, Abbas Hashim, Ed., Rijeka, Croatia: IntechOpen, 2011, ch. 16, p. 357.
9.
go back to reference Nicolenco, S.V., Nanostructuring a steel surface by electrochemical treatment with new electrode materials based on tungsten carbide, Surf. Eng. Appl. Electrochem., 2001, vol. 47, no. 4, p. 217.CrossRef Nicolenco, S.V., Nanostructuring a steel surface by electrochemical treatment with new electrode materials based on tungsten carbide, Surf. Eng. Appl. Electrochem., 2001, vol. 47, no. 4, p. 217.CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Levashov, E.A., Minina, E.S., Sematullin, B.R., et al., Features of the influence of nanocrystalline powders on the structure and properties of Ti-C-40% KhN70Yu obtained by the SHS method, Fiz. Met. Metalloved., 2003, vol. 95, no. 6, p. 38. Levashov, E.A., Minina, E.S., Sematullin, B.R., et al., Features of the influence of nanocrystalline powders on the structure and properties of Ti-C-40% KhN70Yu obtained by the SHS method, Fiz. Met. Metalloved., 2003, vol. 95, no. 6, p. 38.
11.
go back to reference Topala, P., Ojegov, E. and Ursaki, V., Nanostructures obtaining using electric discharges at atmospheric pressure, in Nanostructures and Thin Films for Multifunctional Applications, Tigineanu, I., Topala, P., Ursaki, V., Eds., Cham: Springer, 2016, p. 43. Topala, P., Ojegov, E. and Ursaki, V., Nanostructures obtaining using electric discharges at atmospheric pressure, in Nanostructures and Thin Films for Multifunctional Applications, Tigineanu, I., Topala, P., Ursaki, V., Eds., Cham: Springer, 2016, p. 43.
12.
go back to reference Zamulaeva, E.I., Levashov, E.A., Kudryashov, P.V., et al., Electrospark coatings deposited onto an Armco Iron substrate with nano-and microstructured WC–Co electrodes: Deposition process, structure and properties, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2008, vol. 202, p. 3715.CrossRef Zamulaeva, E.I., Levashov, E.A., Kudryashov, P.V., et al., Electrospark coatings deposited onto an Armco Iron substrate with nano-and microstructured WC–Co electrodes: Deposition process, structure and properties, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2008, vol. 202, p. 3715.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Kuptsov, E.A., Sheveyko, A.N., Zamulaeva, E.I., et al., Two-layer nanocomposite WC/a-C coatings produced by a combination of a pulsed arc evaporation and electrospark deposition in vacuum, Mater. Design, 2019, vol. 117, p. 107645.CrossRef Kuptsov, E.A., Sheveyko, A.N., Zamulaeva, E.I., et al., Two-layer nanocomposite WC/a-C coatings produced by a combination of a pulsed arc evaporation and electrospark deposition in vacuum, Mater. Design, 2019, vol. 117, p. 107645.CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Nicolenco, S.V., Burkov, A.A., Dvornik, M.I., et al., Effect of parameters of electric spark discharge on the physico-chemical characteristics of steel 45 surface after the ESA electrodes based on WC–8% Co with chromium carbide additives, Surf. Eng. Appl. Electrochem., 2019, vol. 55, p. 251.CrossRef Nicolenco, S.V., Burkov, A.A., Dvornik, M.I., et al., Effect of parameters of electric spark discharge on the physico-chemical characteristics of steel 45 surface after the ESA electrodes based on WC–8% Co with chromium carbide additives, Surf. Eng. Appl. Electrochem., 2019, vol. 55, p. 251.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Levashov, E.A., Kudryashov, A.E., and Potapov, N.T., New SHS materials for electric spark alloying using ultrafine powders, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Tsvetn. Metall., 2000, no. 6, p. 67. Levashov, E.A., Kudryashov, A.E., and Potapov, N.T., New SHS materials for electric spark alloying using ultrafine powders, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Tsvetn. Metall., 2000, no. 6, p. 67.
16.
go back to reference Parkansky, N., Beilis, I., Rapoport, L., et al., Electrode erosion and coatings properties in pulsed air arc WC-based hard alloys, Surf. Coat. Technol., 1998, vol. 105, p. 130.CrossRef Parkansky, N., Beilis, I., Rapoport, L., et al., Electrode erosion and coatings properties in pulsed air arc WC-based hard alloys, Surf. Coat. Technol., 1998, vol. 105, p. 130.CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Kudryashov, A.E., Zamulaeva, E.I., Levashov, E.A., et al., Application of electrospark deposition process and modified SHS electrode materials to improve the endurance of hot mill rolls. Part 1. Features of coating formation on SPHN-60 white cast Iron substrate, Surf. Eng. Appl. Electrochem., 2019, vol. 55, no. 4, p. 390.CrossRef Kudryashov, A.E., Zamulaeva, E.I., Levashov, E.A., et al., Application of electrospark deposition process and modified SHS electrode materials to improve the endurance of hot mill rolls. Part 1. Features of coating formation on SPHN-60 white cast Iron substrate, Surf. Eng. Appl. Electrochem., 2019, vol. 55, no. 4, p. 390.CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Kudryashov, A.E., Zamulaeva, E.I., Levashov, E.A., et al., Application of electrospark deposition process and modified SHS electrode materials to improve the endurance of hot mill rolls. Part 2. Structure and properties of the formed coatings, Surf. Eng. Appl. Electrochem., 2019, vol. 55, no. 5, p. 502.CrossRef Kudryashov, A.E., Zamulaeva, E.I., Levashov, E.A., et al., Application of electrospark deposition process and modified SHS electrode materials to improve the endurance of hot mill rolls. Part 2. Structure and properties of the formed coatings, Surf. Eng. Appl. Electrochem., 2019, vol. 55, no. 5, p. 502.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Dai, H., Hafner, J., Rinzler, A., Colbert, D., et al., Nanotubes as nanoprobes in scanning probe microscopy, Nature, 1996, vol. 384, p. 147.CrossRef Dai, H., Hafner, J., Rinzler, A., Colbert, D., et al., Nanotubes as nanoprobes in scanning probe microscopy, Nature, 1996, vol. 384, p. 147.CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Slobodyan, S.M., Nanoelectroerosion: Correction of the effect of “SWCNT-Electrode,” Surf. Eng. Appl. Electrochem., 2021, vol. 57, no. 6, p. 627.CrossRef Slobodyan, S.M., Nanoelectroerosion: Correction of the effect of “SWCNT-Electrode,” Surf. Eng. Appl. Electrochem., 2021, vol. 57, no. 6, p. 627.CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Kroitoru, D.M., Silkin, S.A., Kazak, N.N., et al., Physico-mechanical and tribological properties of carbon-containing nanocomposites produced by electrospark alloying, Surf. Eng. Appl. Electrochem., 2021, vol. 57, no. 6, p. 617.CrossRef Kroitoru, D.M., Silkin, S.A., Kazak, N.N., et al., Physico-mechanical and tribological properties of carbon-containing nanocomposites produced by electrospark alloying, Surf. Eng. Appl. Electrochem., 2021, vol. 57, no. 6, p. 617.CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Ben’kovskii, Yu.V., Kroitoru, D.M., Petrenko, V.I., et al., Influence of steel composition on the properties of a composite surface obtained by electric spark alloying, Elektron. Obrab. Mater., 2022, vol. 58, no. 1, p. 1. Ben’kovskii, Yu.V., Kroitoru, D.M., Petrenko, V.I., et al., Influence of steel composition on the properties of a composite surface obtained by electric spark alloying, Elektron. Obrab. Mater., 2022, vol. 58, no. 1, p. 1.
23.
go back to reference Gleiter, H., Nanostructured materials: Basic concepts and microstructure, Acta Mater., 2000, vol. 48, no. 1, p. 1.CrossRef Gleiter, H., Nanostructured materials: Basic concepts and microstructure, Acta Mater., 2000, vol. 48, no. 1, p. 1.CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Aulov, V.F., Luzhnykh, P.V., Kireinov, A.V., et al., Results of field tests of hardening of working bodies of soil-cultivating machines, in Trudy Vserossiiskogo nauchno-issledovatel’skogo tekhnologicheskogo instituta remonta i ekspluatatsii mashinno-traktornogo parka GOSNITI (Proceedings of the All-Russian Scientific Research Technological Institute for the Repair and Operation of Machine and Tractor Park GOSNITI), Moscow, 2013, vol. 113, p. 300. Aulov, V.F., Luzhnykh, P.V., Kireinov, A.V., et al., Results of field tests of hardening of working bodies of soil-cultivating machines, in Trudy Vserossiiskogo nauchno-issledovatel’skogo tekhnologicheskogo instituta remonta i ekspluatatsii mashinno-traktornogo parka GOSNITI (Proceedings of the All-Russian Scientific Research Technological Institute for the Repair and Operation of Machine and Tractor Park GOSNITI), Moscow, 2013, vol. 113, p. 300.
25.
go back to reference Harea, E., Stoček, R., Storozhuk, L., Sementsov, Yu., et al., Study of tribological properties of natural rubber containing carbon nanotube and carbon black as hybrid filler, Appl. Nanosci., 2019, vol. 9, p. 899.CrossRef Harea, E., Stoček, R., Storozhuk, L., Sementsov, Yu., et al., Study of tribological properties of natural rubber containing carbon nanotube and carbon black as hybrid filler, Appl. Nanosci., 2019, vol. 9, p. 899.CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Harea, E., Stoček, R., and Machovsky, M., Study of friction and wear thermoplastic vulkanuzates: The correlation with abraded surfaces topology, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 2017, vol. 843, p. 012070. Harea, E., Stoček, R., and Machovsky, M., Study of friction and wear thermoplastic vulkanuzates: The correlation with abraded surfaces topology, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 2017, vol. 843, p. 012070.
27.
go back to reference Someveld, E.J. and Visser, J.W., Automatic collection of powder data from photographs, J. Appl. Cryst., 1975, vol. 8, p. 1.CrossRef Someveld, E.J. and Visser, J.W., Automatic collection of powder data from photographs, J. Appl. Cryst., 1975, vol. 8, p. 1.CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Rachinger, W.A., A correction for α1; α2 doublet in the measurement of widths of X-ray diffraction lines, J. Sci. Instrum., 1948, vol. 25, p. 254.CrossRef Rachinger, W.A., A correction for α1; α2 doublet in the measurement of widths of X-ray diffraction lines, J. Sci. Instrum., 1948, vol. 25, p. 254.CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Hill, R.J. and Howard, C.J., Quantitative phase analysis from powder diffraction data using the Rietveld method, J. Appl. Cryst., 1987, vol. 20, p. 467.CrossRef Hill, R.J. and Howard, C.J., Quantitative phase analysis from powder diffraction data using the Rietveld method, J. Appl. Cryst., 1987, vol. 20, p. 467.CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Langford, J.L., The use of the Voigt function in determining microstructural properties from diffraction data by means of pattern decomposition, in Accuracy in Powder Diffraction II, Prince, E.O. and Stalick, J.K., Eds., NIST Special Publ. 846, Washington: US Dep. Commerce, 1992, p. 110. Langford, J.L., The use of the Voigt function in determining microstructural properties from diffraction data by means of pattern decomposition, in Accuracy in Powder Diffraction II, Prince, E.O. and Stalick, J.K., Eds., NIST Special Publ. 846, Washington: US Dep. Commerce, 1992, p. 110.
31.
go back to reference Harea, E., Lapsker, I., Laikhtman, A., and Rapoport, L., Bauschinger’s effect and dislocation structure under friction of LiF single crystals, Tribol. Lett., 2013, vol. 52, no. 2, p. 205.CrossRef Harea, E., Lapsker, I., Laikhtman, A., and Rapoport, L., Bauschinger’s effect and dislocation structure under friction of LiF single crystals, Tribol. Lett., 2013, vol. 52, no. 2, p. 205.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Composition, Structure, and Wear Resistance of Surface Nanostructures Obtained by Electric Spark Alloying of 65G Steel
Authors
E. V. Yurchenko
G. V. Ghilețchii
S. A. Vatavu
V. I. Petrenko
D. Harea
C. Bubulinca
A. I. Dikusar
Publication date
01-04-2024
Publisher
Pleiades Publishing
Published in
Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry / Issue 2/2024
Print ISSN: 1068-3755
Electronic ISSN: 1934-8002
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068375524020145

Other articles of this Issue 2/2024

Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry 2/2024 Go to the issue

Premium Partners