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2020 | Book

Introduction Read chapter Read first chapter

Constitutive Modelling and Failure Prediction for Silicone Adhesives in Façade Design

Author: Dr. Michael Drass

Publisher: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

Book Series : Mechanik, Werkstoffe und Konstruktion im Bauwesen

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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About this book

This book provides readers with an elementary understanding of the material behavior of structural silicones in façades. Based on extensive experimental investigations on a transparent structural silicone adhesive (TSSA), the material behavior, failure, and microscopic effects such as stress whitening, cavitation failure, and the Mullins effect are analyzed. In turn, novel hyperelastic material models are developed to account for nonlinear material behavior under arbitrary deformations. The development of a volumetric hyperelastic model makes it possible for the first time to approximate the structural behavior of TSSA under constrained tensile load and cavitation. The material models discussed here were implemented in a finite element code for validation, and their quality was confirmed by three-dimensional numerical simulations, in which an additional stretch-based failure criterion was evaluated for failure prediction. The numerical studies are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
Glass is a popular building material in construction industry with which monumental buildings made of large-format glass with almost complete transparency can be realized today (Bedon and Santarsiero, 2018; Staudt, 2017; Drass et al., 2018d). In order to meet the demand for almost complete transparency, very filigree fasteners were developed especially for façade constructions. These fasteners are ranging from button and countersunk fittings, undercut anchors and clamped fittings to adhesive joints (Tibolt, 2015).
Michael Drass
Chapter 2. Theoretical Principles on Mechanics
Abstract
This chapter gives an introduction into mechanical principles of continuum mechanics, limit state analysis and failure criteria in general mechanics and a brief introduction into the field of micromechanics and homogenization. The essential equations are presented, but the reader is also referred to advanced literature, in which the strongly summarized contents are explained much more extensively.
Michael Drass
Chapter 3. Elastomers and their Mechanical Behaviour
Abstract
This chapter deals with an introduction in the general mechanical behaviour of polymers and their classification into material groups depended on their structural behaviour. After the general characterization of polymer materials, special features such as softening, the Mullins effect and cavitation are discussed. Finally, with reference to continuum mechanics and material modelling, classical material modelling approaches are presented. The aim of this chapter is to understand the behaviour of polymers and their classical material modelling. The main features of material modelling will be used later (Chap. 5) to develop novel improved material models.
Michael Drass
Chapter 4. Experiments on Transparent Structural Silicone Adhesive
Abstract
The aim of the work is the material characterization and failure modelling of a transparent structural silicone adhesive. This requires experimental tests, which are briefly described in this chapter and the main results are summarized. The performed experimental tests are categorized into homogeneous and inhomogeneous test.
Michael Drass
Chapter 5. Development of Constitutive Models for Poro-Hyperelastic Materials
Abstract
This chapter is dedicated to the material modelling of polymers with a special focus on a transparent structural silicone adhesive. New material models are developed, which use the continuum mechanical basics presented in Chap. 2 and extend classical material models (see Chap. 3) to describe the structural behaviour of rubber-like materials especially under volumetric loading. Effects such as the cavitation effect, isochoric Mullins effect and effects under volumetric cyclic loading will be modelled with the developed material models.
Michael Drass
Chapter 6. Development of Failure Criteria for Poro-Hyperelastic Materials
Abstract
This chapter deals with the description of failure of rubber-like materials under consideration of the porosity of the material, as this is decisive for the failure under triaxial loading conditions (Gent and Lindley, 1959; Hamdi et al., 2014; Drass et al., 2018c). Since failure of rubber-like materials depends strongly on the loading condition (isochoric or volumetric loading), failure criteria for the description of isochoric failure are first introduced and tested for their applicability to approximate the experimentally determined failure stretches of TSSA (see Section 4). Additionally, rubber-like materials exhibit cavitation failure under triaxial loading, which means that there is an effective stress softening of the hydrostatic pressure p with increasing volume.
Michael Drass
Chapter 7. Design Methods for Structural Silicone Adhesives
Abstract
This chapter is dedicated to the design of silicone-bonded constructions in glass and façade systems. The main findings of the present work and the preceding chapters will be summarized and essential remarks and limits will be given for the experimental characterization, the material parameter identification, the material modelling as well as the limit state analyses for structural sealant glazing systems. In particular, structural engineers should be provided with guidance as a result of the categorisation of adhesive joint systems, enabling them to make decisions on, for example, the type and extent of experimental investigations to be carried out, the choice of material model and the design and dimensioning of adhesive joints.
Michael Drass
Chapter 8. Conclusion and Outlook
Abstract
The present work has been dedicated to the experimental and numerical characterization of silicone adhesives in façade construction (see Chap. 4-5). On the basis of fundamental experimental investigations in which effects such as whitening, cavitation and even healing occurred, mechanical models have been presented and validated for their constitutive description. Furthermore, models for the description of failure in three-dimensional stretch-space have been presented (Chap. 6), which have been transformed into a global safety concept in Chap. 7 dedicated to structural engineers.
Michael Drass
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
Constitutive Modelling and Failure Prediction for Silicone Adhesives in Façade Design
Author
Dr. Michael Drass
Copyright Year
2020
Electronic ISBN
978-3-658-29255-3
Print ISBN
978-3-658-29254-6
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29255-3