Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Economics and Finance 2/2020

26-06-2019 | Correction

Correction to: Corporate governance and employee treatment: Evidence from takeover defenses

Authors: Omer Unsal, Blake Rayfield

Published in: Journal of Economics and Finance | Issue 2/2020

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This study investigates if antitakeover provisions are a value-enhancing indicator of corporate governance by estimating the effect of takeover susceptibility to labor litigations. Using a unique hand-collected dataset of employee lawsuits, we find a positive relationship between employee litigation and takeover protection. We document that employee lawsuits increase a firm’s susceptibility to a hostile takeover. In addition, we document that higher costs of litigation, measured by fees and case duration, increase the firms’ suitability to takeover. Our results indicate that takeover protections may decrease corporate attention to employees. This effect may be because entrenched managers may avoid long-term investment in stakeholders and enjoy “the quiet life” following the reduced threat of a hostile takeover.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Footnotes
3
Employee Lawsuits: Costs, types of suits and 2017 employment law issues in review: https://​www.​theeap.​com/​regulatory/​employee-lawsuits-costs-types-suits-2017-employment-law-issues-review
 
4
Data on the takeover index of Cain et al. (2017) can be found at: http://​pages.​uoregon.​edu/​smckeon/​
 
5
The index includes first generation statues, business combination, fair price, control share acquisition, control share cash-out, poison pill, expanded constituency, disgorgement, anti-greenmail, golden parachute restriction, tin parachute blessing, and assumption of labor contracts laws. The federal statue is the Williams Act in 1968. The three standards of review are based on court decisions including Revlon, Inc. v. MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings, Unocal v. Mesa Petroleum, and Blasius Industries v. Atlas Corp.
 
8
EEOC Releases Fiscal Year 2017 Enforcement And Litigation Data: https://​www.​eeoc.​gov/​eeoc/​newsroom/​release/​1-25-18.​cfm
 
Literature
go back to reference Al Mamun, M, Balachandran B, Duong HN (2017) Powerful CEOs and stock Price crash risk. Working Paper. SSRN Al Mamun, M, Balachandran B, Duong HN (2017) Powerful CEOs and stock Price crash risk. Working Paper. SSRN
go back to reference Armstrong CS, Balakrishnan K, Cohen D (2012) Corporate governance and the information environment: evidence from state antitakeover laws. J Account Econ 53(1-2):185–204CrossRef Armstrong CS, Balakrishnan K, Cohen D (2012) Corporate governance and the information environment: evidence from state antitakeover laws. J Account Econ 53(1-2):185–204CrossRef
go back to reference Atanassov J, Liu X (2014) Corporate income taxes, financial constraints and innovation. Unpublished working paper, University of Nebraska and University of Oregon Atanassov J, Liu X (2014) Corporate income taxes, financial constraints and innovation. Unpublished working paper, University of Nebraska and University of Oregon
go back to reference Bae KH, Kang JK, Wang J (2011) Employee treatment and firm leverage: A test of the stakeholder theory of capital structure. J. Financ. Econ 100(1):130–153 Bae KH, Kang JK, Wang J (2011) Employee treatment and firm leverage: A test of the stakeholder theory of capital structure. J. Financ. Econ 100(1):130–153
go back to reference Barnea A, Rubin A (2010) Corporate social responsibility as a conflict between shareholders. J Bus Ethics 97(1):71–86CrossRef Barnea A, Rubin A (2010) Corporate social responsibility as a conflict between shareholders. J Bus Ethics 97(1):71–86CrossRef
go back to reference Bebchuk LA, Cohen A (2005) The costs of entrenched boards. J Financ Econ 78(2):409–433CrossRef Bebchuk LA, Cohen A (2005) The costs of entrenched boards. J Financ Econ 78(2):409–433CrossRef
go back to reference Bebchuk L, Cohen A, Ferrell A (2008) What matters in corporate governance? Rev Financ Stud 22(2):783–827CrossRef Bebchuk L, Cohen A, Ferrell A (2008) What matters in corporate governance? Rev Financ Stud 22(2):783–827CrossRef
go back to reference Bertrand M, Mullainathan S (2003) Enjoying the quiet life? Corporate governance and managerial preferences. J Polit Econ 111(5):1043–1075CrossRef Bertrand M, Mullainathan S (2003) Enjoying the quiet life? Corporate governance and managerial preferences. J Polit Econ 111(5):1043–1075CrossRef
go back to reference Bhargava R, Faircloth S, Zeng H (2017) Takeover protection and stock price crash risk: evidence from state antitakeover laws. J Bus Res 70:177–184CrossRef Bhargava R, Faircloth S, Zeng H (2017) Takeover protection and stock price crash risk: evidence from state antitakeover laws. J Bus Res 70:177–184CrossRef
go back to reference Bhojraj S, Sengupta P, Zhang S (2017) Takeover defenses: entrenchment and efficiency. J Account Econ 63(1):142–160CrossRef Bhojraj S, Sengupta P, Zhang S (2017) Takeover defenses: entrenchment and efficiency. J Account Econ 63(1):142–160CrossRef
go back to reference Cain MD, McKeon SB, Solomon SD (2017) Do takeover laws matter? Evidence from five decades of hostile takeovers. J Financ Econ 124(3):464–485CrossRef Cain MD, McKeon SB, Solomon SD (2017) Do takeover laws matter? Evidence from five decades of hostile takeovers. J Financ Econ 124(3):464–485CrossRef
go back to reference Cen L, Dasgupta S, Sen R (2015) Discipline or disruption? Stakeholder relationships and the effect of takeover threat. Manag Sci 62(10):2820–2841CrossRef Cen L, Dasgupta S, Sen R (2015) Discipline or disruption? Stakeholder relationships and the effect of takeover threat. Manag Sci 62(10):2820–2841CrossRef
go back to reference Chang X, Zhang HF (2015) Managerial entrenchment and firm value: a dynamic perspective. J Financ Quant Anal 50(5):1083–1103CrossRef Chang X, Zhang HF (2015) Managerial entrenchment and firm value: a dynamic perspective. J Financ Quant Anal 50(5):1083–1103CrossRef
go back to reference Chemmanur T, Tian X (2017) Do anti-takeover provisions spur corporate innovation? A regression discontinuity analysis Chemmanur T, Tian X (2017) Do anti-takeover provisions spur corporate innovation? A regression discontinuity analysis
go back to reference Chen T, Lin C, Shao X (2016) Globalization and US corporate tax policies: evidence from import competition Chen T, Lin C, Shao X (2016) Globalization and US corporate tax policies: evidence from import competition
go back to reference Cheng S, Nagar V, Rajan MV (2004) Identifying control motives in managerial ownership: evidence from antitakeover legislation. Rev Financ Stud 18(2):637–672CrossRef Cheng S, Nagar V, Rajan MV (2004) Identifying control motives in managerial ownership: evidence from antitakeover legislation. Rev Financ Stud 18(2):637–672CrossRef
go back to reference Chintrakarn P, Jiraporn P, Kim JC, Kim YS (2016) The effect of corporate governance on corporate social responsibility. Asia Pac J Financ Stud 45(1):102–123CrossRef Chintrakarn P, Jiraporn P, Kim JC, Kim YS (2016) The effect of corporate governance on corporate social responsibility. Asia Pac J Financ Stud 45(1):102–123CrossRef
go back to reference Coff RW (1997) Human assets and management dilemmas: coping with hazards on the road to resource-based theory. Acad Manag Rev 22(2):374–402CrossRef Coff RW (1997) Human assets and management dilemmas: coping with hazards on the road to resource-based theory. Acad Manag Rev 22(2):374–402CrossRef
go back to reference Cohen A, Wang CC (2013) How do staggered boards affect shareholder value? Evidence from a natural experiment. J Financ Econ 110(3):627–641CrossRef Cohen A, Wang CC (2013) How do staggered boards affect shareholder value? Evidence from a natural experiment. J Financ Econ 110(3):627–641CrossRef
go back to reference Collins D, Huang H (2011) Management entrenchment and the cost of equity capital. J Bus Res 64(4):356–362CrossRef Collins D, Huang H (2011) Management entrenchment and the cost of equity capital. J Bus Res 64(4):356–362CrossRef
go back to reference Cremers M, Ferrell A (2009) Thirty years of corporate governance: firm valuation & stock returns. Revise and resubmit at Journal of Finance Cremers M, Ferrell A (2009) Thirty years of corporate governance: firm valuation & stock returns. Revise and resubmit at Journal of Finance
go back to reference Cremers KJ, Nair VB, Peyer U (2008) Takeover defenses and competition: the role of stakeholders. J Empir Leg Stud 5(4):791–818CrossRef Cremers KJ, Nair VB, Peyer U (2008) Takeover defenses and competition: the role of stakeholders. J Empir Leg Stud 5(4):791–818CrossRef
go back to reference Daines R (2001) Does Delaware law improve firm value? J Financ Econ 62(3):525–558CrossRef Daines R (2001) Does Delaware law improve firm value? J Financ Econ 62(3):525–558CrossRef
go back to reference DeAngelo H, Rice EM (1983) Antitakeover charter amendments and stockholder wealth. J Financ Econ 11(1-4):329–359CrossRef DeAngelo H, Rice EM (1983) Antitakeover charter amendments and stockholder wealth. J Financ Econ 11(1-4):329–359CrossRef
go back to reference Duong HN, Nguyen JH, Rhee SG (2017) Economic policy uncertainty and corporate cash holdings, Economic Policy Uncertainty and Corporate Cash Holdings Duong HN, Nguyen JH, Rhee SG (2017) Economic policy uncertainty and corporate cash holdings, Economic Policy Uncertainty and Corporate Cash Holdings
go back to reference Duru A, Wang D, Zhao Y (2013) Staggered boards, corporate opacity and firm value. J Bank Financ 37(2):341–360CrossRef Duru A, Wang D, Zhao Y (2013) Staggered boards, corporate opacity and firm value. J Bank Financ 37(2):341–360CrossRef
go back to reference Edmans A (2011) Does the stock market fully value intangibles? Employee satisfaction and equity prices. J Financ Econ 101(3):621–640CrossRef Edmans A (2011) Does the stock market fully value intangibles? Employee satisfaction and equity prices. J Financ Econ 101(3):621–640CrossRef
go back to reference Fama EF, French KR (1997) Industry costs of equity. J Financ Econ 43(2):153–193CrossRef Fama EF, French KR (1997) Industry costs of equity. J Financ Econ 43(2):153–193CrossRef
go back to reference Francis BB, Hasan I, John K, Waisman M (2010) The effect of state antitakeover laws on the firm's bondholders. J Financ Econ 96(1):127–154CrossRef Francis BB, Hasan I, John K, Waisman M (2010) The effect of state antitakeover laws on the firm's bondholders. J Financ Econ 96(1):127–154CrossRef
go back to reference Freeman RE (1983) Strategic management: a stakeholder approach. Adv Strateg Manag 1(1):31–60 Freeman RE (1983) Strategic management: a stakeholder approach. Adv Strateg Manag 1(1):31–60
go back to reference Freidman M (1970) September; 13. The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York times magazine Freidman M (1970) September; 13. The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York times magazine
go back to reference Garvey GT, Hanka G (1999) Capital structure and corporate control: the effect of antitakeover statutes on firm leverage. J Financ 54(2):519–546CrossRef Garvey GT, Hanka G (1999) Capital structure and corporate control: the effect of antitakeover statutes on firm leverage. J Financ 54(2):519–546CrossRef
go back to reference Gompers P, Ishii J, Metrick A (2003) Corporate governance and equity prices. Q J Econ 118(1):107–156CrossRef Gompers P, Ishii J, Metrick A (2003) Corporate governance and equity prices. Q J Econ 118(1):107–156CrossRef
go back to reference Hackl JW, Testani RA (1988) Second generation state takeover statutes and shareholder wealth: an empirical study. Yale LJ 97(6):9 Hackl JW, Testani RA (1988) Second generation state takeover statutes and shareholder wealth: an empirical study. Yale LJ 97(6):9
go back to reference Jensen MC (2002) Value maximization, stakeholder theory, and the corporate objective function. Bus Ethics Q 12:235–256CrossRef Jensen MC (2002) Value maximization, stakeholder theory, and the corporate objective function. Bus Ethics Q 12:235–256CrossRef
go back to reference Jensen MC, Meckling WH (1976) Theory of the firm: managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. J Financ Econ 3(4):305–360CrossRef Jensen MC, Meckling WH (1976) Theory of the firm: managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. J Financ Econ 3(4):305–360CrossRef
go back to reference Jensen MC, Ruback RS (1983) The market for corporate control: the scientific evidence. J Financ Econ 11(1-4):5–50CrossRef Jensen MC, Ruback RS (1983) The market for corporate control: the scientific evidence. J Financ Econ 11(1-4):5–50CrossRef
go back to reference John K, Litov L (2010) Managerial entrenchment and capital structure: new evidence. J Empir Leg Stud 7(4):693–742CrossRef John K, Litov L (2010) Managerial entrenchment and capital structure: new evidence. J Empir Leg Stud 7(4):693–742CrossRef
go back to reference Johnson MS, Rao RP (1997) The impact of antitakeover amendments on corporate financial performance. Financ Rev 32(4):659–690CrossRef Johnson MS, Rao RP (1997) The impact of antitakeover amendments on corporate financial performance. Financ Rev 32(4):659–690CrossRef
go back to reference Kacperczyk A (2009) With greater power comes greater responsibility? Takeover protection and corporate attention to stakeholders. Strateg Manag J 30(3):261–285CrossRef Kacperczyk A (2009) With greater power comes greater responsibility? Takeover protection and corporate attention to stakeholders. Strateg Manag J 30(3):261–285CrossRef
go back to reference Karpoff JM, Malatesta PH (1989) The wealth effects of second-generation state takeover legislation. J Financ Econ 25(2):291–322CrossRef Karpoff JM, Malatesta PH (1989) The wealth effects of second-generation state takeover legislation. J Financ Econ 25(2):291–322CrossRef
go back to reference Liu X (2016) Corruption culture and corporate misconduct. J Financ Econ 122(2):307–327CrossRef Liu X (2016) Corruption culture and corporate misconduct. J Financ Econ 122(2):307–327CrossRef
go back to reference Long WF, Ravenscraft DJ (1993) LBOs, debt and R&D intensity. Strateg Manag J 14(S1):119–135CrossRef Long WF, Ravenscraft DJ (1993) LBOs, debt and R&D intensity. Strateg Manag J 14(S1):119–135CrossRef
go back to reference Mahoney JM, Mahoney JT (1993) An empirical investigation of the effect of corporate charter antitakeover amendments on stockholder wealth. Strateg Manag J 14(1):17–31CrossRef Mahoney JM, Mahoney JT (1993) An empirical investigation of the effect of corporate charter antitakeover amendments on stockholder wealth. Strateg Manag J 14(1):17–31CrossRef
go back to reference Mahoney JM, Sundaramurthy C, Mahoney JT (1997) Board structure, antitakeover provisions, and stockholder wealth. Strateg Manag J:231–245 Mahoney JM, Sundaramurthy C, Mahoney JT (1997) Board structure, antitakeover provisions, and stockholder wealth. Strateg Manag J:231–245
go back to reference Manne HG (1965) Mergers and the market for corporate control. J Polit Econ 73(2):110–120CrossRef Manne HG (1965) Mergers and the market for corporate control. J Polit Econ 73(2):110–120CrossRef
go back to reference Moore JA, Suh S, Werner EM (2017) Dual entrenchment and tax management: classified boards and family firms. J Bus Res 79:161–172CrossRef Moore JA, Suh S, Werner EM (2017) Dual entrenchment and tax management: classified boards and family firms. J Bus Res 79:161–172CrossRef
go back to reference Pound J (1987) The effects of antitakeover amendments on takeover activity: some direct evidence. J Law Econ 30(2):353–367CrossRef Pound J (1987) The effects of antitakeover amendments on takeover activity: some direct evidence. J Law Econ 30(2):353–367CrossRef
go back to reference Pugh WN, Jahera JS (1990) State antitakeover legislation and shareholder wealth. J Financ Res 13(3):221–231CrossRef Pugh WN, Jahera JS (1990) State antitakeover legislation and shareholder wealth. J Financ Res 13(3):221–231CrossRef
go back to reference Schmid, M., Limbach, P., & Scholz, M. (2016). All good things come to an end: CEO tenure and firm value Schmid, M., Limbach, P., & Scholz, M. (2016). All good things come to an end: CEO tenure and firm value
go back to reference Sheikh S. (2018). Is corporate social responsibility a value-increasing investment? Evidence from antitakeover provisions. Glob Financ J 38:1–12 Sheikh S. (2018). Is corporate social responsibility a value-increasing investment? Evidence from antitakeover provisions. Glob Financ J 38:1–12
go back to reference Sheikhbahaei A, Balachandran B, Di Iorio A, Duong H (2018) Corporate Governance Strength and Cost of SEOs. European Finance Association Meeting, Milan Sheikhbahaei A, Balachandran B, Di Iorio A, Duong H (2018) Corporate Governance Strength and Cost of SEOs. European Finance Association Meeting, Milan
go back to reference Shleifer A, Summers LH (1988) Breach of trust in hostile takeovers. In: Corporate takeovers: causes and consequences. University of Chicago Press, pp 33–68 Shleifer A, Summers LH (1988) Breach of trust in hostile takeovers. In: Corporate takeovers: causes and consequences. University of Chicago Press, pp 33–68
go back to reference Stein JC (1988) Takeover threats and managerial myopia. J Polit Econ 96(1):61–80CrossRef Stein JC (1988) Takeover threats and managerial myopia. J Polit Econ 96(1):61–80CrossRef
go back to reference Surroca, J., & Tribó, J. A. (2009). Is managerial entrenchment always bad?: a CSR approach Surroca, J., & Tribó, J. A. (2009). Is managerial entrenchment always bad?: a CSR approach
go back to reference Szewczyk SH, Tsetsekos GP (1992) State intervention in the market for corporate control: the case of Pennsylvania senate bill 1310. J Financ Econ 31(1):3–23CrossRef Szewczyk SH, Tsetsekos GP (1992) State intervention in the market for corporate control: the case of Pennsylvania senate bill 1310. J Financ Econ 31(1):3–23CrossRef
go back to reference Zhao Y, Allen A, Hasan I (2013) State antitakeover laws and voluntary disclosure. J Financ Quant Anal 48(2):637–668CrossRef Zhao Y, Allen A, Hasan I (2013) State antitakeover laws and voluntary disclosure. J Financ Quant Anal 48(2):637–668CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Correction to: Corporate governance and employee treatment: Evidence from takeover defenses
Authors
Omer Unsal
Blake Rayfield
Publication date
26-06-2019
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Economics and Finance / Issue 2/2020
Print ISSN: 1055-0925
Electronic ISSN: 1938-9744
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12197-019-09486-4

Other articles of this Issue 2/2020

Journal of Economics and Finance 2/2020 Go to the issue