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2012 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

8. Creep Damage and Creep-Fatigue Damage

Author : Sumio Murakami

Published in: Continuum Damage Mechanics

Publisher: Springer Netherlands

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Abstract

A time-dependent deformation occurring in a material subject to load for a prolonged period of time is called creep. In a narrower sense, creep means a time-dependent deformation caused by a constant stress or a constant load. Materials undergoing creep for long time are often accompanied by time dependent internal deterioration. This deterioration is called creep damage. When metals and alloys are subject to a variable load at elevated temperature, the materials are deteriorated by combined damage of creep and fatigue. This damage is called creep-fatigue damage. Creep damage and creep-fatigue damage, therefore, give essential failure modes of high temperature components.

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previous chapter Fatigue Damage

next chapter Elastic-Brittle Damage

In weld parts of steel, the heat affected zone between the weld metal and the matrix material is called HAZ (heat affected zone). HAZ is classified into several types by their metallographic structures. Among them, there is a case where a softening layer of minute grains is formed between the weld metal and the matrix, and the zone is called Type IV zone. Type IV zone is usually noted because the triaxiality stress may be induced in this zone by the constraint of the relatively hard layers outside this zone (Viswanathan 1989).

When λ given by Eq. (8.100) or (8.102) is \(\lambda < 0\), the stress field in front of the creep crack tip is singular, and a stable convergent solution is not assured. The procedures to obviate the stress singularity or the damage localization in the local approach to fracture based on the continuum damage mechanics and the finite element method are described later in Chapter 11.

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Title: Creep Damage and Creep-Fatigue Damage
Author: Sumio Murakami
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Book: Continuum Damage Mechanics
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-2665-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-94-007-2666-6

Copyright Year: 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2666-6_8

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