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2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

16. Critical Systems Thinking Review on the Challenges of Decentralised Drinking Water Management in City of ‘Nauli’, Indonesia

Author : Jackwin Simbolon

Published in: Balancing Individualism and Collectivism

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This paper is based on a PhD project that strives to assess the performance of decentralised drinking water management in the city of Nauli, Indonesia. The implementation of decentralised government system followed by decentralising some functions including drinking water services is unsatisfactory in providing access to drinking water for all residents in the city of Nauli. Nauli Municipality that has just split up as an autonomous local government under the decentralised government system in Indonesia is facing conflicts in providing water provision to the society, since there are three public water companies in this region: City PDAM, District PDAM, and Provincial BLUD. Furthermore, these governments and their water companies seem to forget the main objective of government in water provision as stated in the Indonesia Constitution: to fully control the water and manage it for meeting the people’s needs. The aim of this research is to apply Ulrich’s critical systems heuristics (CSH) to address the following research questions: (i) how effective is the current decentralised water management system? and (ii) how the current system can be improved and what ought to be done?

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previous chapter Decentralization, Participatory Planning, and the Anthropocene in Indonesia, with a Case Example of the Berugak Dese, Lombok, Indonesia

next chapter Empowering Indigenous People: Voice, Choice and Agency in Rural Development Planning in Mindanao

Ethics approval No. 6861

The first three aspects, social, economic and environment, known as the Triple Bottom Line coined by Elkington (1999) in his book Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business.

McIntyre-Mills (2008, p. 10) constitutes these aspects as ‘The Dimensions of Wellbeing’.

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Pelita: Pembangunan Lima Tahun (Medium Term Development). Pelita I was from 1969 to 1973.

Pelita II: 1974–1978.

PDAM: Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum.

Some of them were not really established by the local government, since they are already existed since the colonial era. Some of the oldest water companies for example: in Medan (1905), in Jakarta (1918), in Makassar (1924), in Semarang (1911).

Data generated from Directorate General of Fiscal Balance, Ministry of Finance, 2015.

Until 2015 there have been 117 new PDAMs and it is still counting. (Perpamsi, 2015).

From preliminary research, this conflict also occurred at least in 15 cases: Kab Kerinci and Kab Sungai penuh, Kab Ketapang and Kab Kayong Utara, Kab Bengkalis and Kab Meranti, Kab Bekasi and Kota Bekasi, Kab Tangerang and Kota Tangerang Selatan, Kab Minahasa and Kab Minahasa Utara, Kab Bogor and Kota Depok, Kab Sambas to Kab Bengkayang and Kota Singkawang, Kab Buru to Kab Buru Selatan, Kab Minahasa and Kota Tomohon, Kab Bandung and Kota Cimahi, Kab Asahan and Kab Batubara, Kabupaten Kotabaru and Kab Tanah Bumbu, Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara to Kota Tual and Kab. Kepulauan Aru.

BPPSPAM: Badan Pendukung Pengembangan Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum

(Pembaruan 2013)

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McDonald et al. (2011) define water shortage as a condition where one has less than 100 liter per day.

This concept was introduced by A.Y. Hoekstra in 2002 (Avlonas and Nassos 2014), and the term ‘water footprint’ is an analogy of the ‘ecological footprint’ (Hoekstra and Hung 2002).

The integrated water resources management is defined as ‘a process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources, in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner, without compromising the sustainability of vital

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During the New Order Era under president Suharto administration, administrative city was prepared as a candidate of new city, it had its own structure, led by a mayor, but was still under the parent District jurisdiction (Firman 2013, p. 186).

BPS Nauli City (2014)

PDAM of Nauli District was formally founded on 15 May 1986.

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Interviews were conducted separately at their stations in Oepura and Koinoni on 6th November 2015.

Interview the Head of Mining and Energy Department (Dinas Pertambangan dan Energi) of Nauli City, 17th November 2015.

He does not want his organisation and his name to be revealed in any report. Interview was conducted during lunch in a canteen, 7th November 2015.

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Interviewed on 20th November 2015

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Title: Critical Systems Thinking Review on the Challenges of Decentralised Drinking Water Management in City of ‘Nauli’, Indonesia
Author: Jackwin Simbolon
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Book: Balancing Individualism and Collectivism
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-58013-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-58014-2

Copyright Year: 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58014-2_16

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