Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Published in:
A Read chapter Read first chapter

2005 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

D

Authors : Dieter Kelletat, Jiyu Chen, John M. Rybczyk, Shea Penland, Mark A. Kulp, Iver W. Duedall, George A. Maul, Andrew Morang, William A. Birkemeier, John P. Ahrens, Bénédicte Cherbuy, Jean-Christophe Aznar, Rodman E. Snead, Nancy L. Jackson, Karl F. Nordstrom, Pieter G.E.F. Augustinus, Douglas J. Sherman, Per Bruun, Eric Bird, Thomas A. Terich, Terry R. Healy, Robert G. Dean

Published in: Encyclopedia of Coastal Science

Publisher: Springer Netherlands

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Excerpt

A Dalmatian coast is a prototype of a primary coast by ingression of the rising postglacial sea into a relief of coast-parallel anticlines and synclines from a young orogenesis (Holmes, 1965; Kelletat, 1995; Jackson, 1997), and is named after the landscape of Dalmatia (Croatia, former Yugoslavia, Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean). This type of coastline is very rare, a major example may be the Island of Sumatra with the Mentawai Islands strongly parallel in the Indian Ocean. More resistant elongated cuestas may build the island chains instead of anticlines. The narrow channels between these long islands are called “vallone” or “canale” (from the Italian word for channel or valley), and the Dalmatian coast therefore is named a canale- or vallone-coast, as well (Figure D1). The coastlines of the central part of Croatia, built up mostly by Mesozoic limestones, show only very little forming by true littoral processes. Beaches are missing as well as extended cliffs. The first is because of the small discharge or limited discharge area in a limestone environment with strong karstification, the second because of a very weak surf energy along the Adriatic Sea or inside of the canale and vallone with small fetch. Therefore, the coastlines nearly exactly follow a contour along an older relief, formed during longer periods of terrestrial denudation. Partly drowned karst features (dolines, uvala, poljes) decorate some of the coastlines, in particular along the mainland coast, where freshwater karst springs occurring at the coast or even under the sea are numerous. The overall picture of the Dalmatian coast gives the impression of submergence and down warping. Indeed higher coastal terraces or deposits from earlier interglacial sea-level highstands are missing. This picture will change very little during a further sea-level rise or sea-level fall, because in the first case the ingression will drown the next depression, while the outermost islands will disappear under a rising sea level, and in the second case new island chains will emerge, while canale or vallone will be transformed into inland depressions. …

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
previous chapter B
next chapter E
Literature
1.
Holmes, A., 1965. Principles of Physical Geology. New York: Ronald Press.
2.
Jackson, J.A., 1997. Glossary of Geology. Alexandria, VA: American Geological Institute.
3.
Kelletat, D., 1995. Atlas of Coastal Geomorphology and Zonality. Journal of Coastal Research (Special Issue No. 13.).
1.
Bird, E.C.F., 1985. Coastline Changes-A Global Review. Chichester, England: John Wiley-Interscience.
2.
Chen, C.A, 2000. The Three Gorges Dam: in the East China Sea. Geophysical Research Letters, 27(3): 381
3.
Chen, J., and Xu, H., 1995. Impacts of the Yangtze River Three-Gorge hydro-engineering works on the Yangtze Estuary. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Valley, 4(3): 242–246.
4.
Leatherman, S.P., 1988. Beach response strategies to accelerated sealevel rise. In Proceedings of the 2nd North American Conference on Preparing for Climate Change. Washington, DC: The Climate Institute, pp. 353–358
5.
Nichols, F.H., Cloern, J.E., and Luoma, S.N., 1986. The modification of an estuary. Science, 231: 567–573.
6.
Postel, S., 1996. Forging a sustainable water strategy. In Starke, L. (ed.), State of the World 1996. A Worldwatch Institute Report on Progress Towards a Sustainable Society. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, pp. 40–59.
7.
Revenga, C., Murray, S., Abramovitz, J., and Hammond, A., 1998. Watersheds of the World: Ecological Value and Vulnerability. Washington, DC: World Watch Institute.
8.
Rozengurt, M., and Haydock, I., 1993. Freshwater flow diversion and its implications for coastal zone ecosystems. Transactions of the 58th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference. Wildlife Management Institute, pp. 287–293.
9.
Rozengurt, M.A., and Hedgpeth, J.W., 1989. The impact of altered river flow on the ecosystem of the Caspian Sea. Reviews in Aquatic Science, 1: 337–362.
10.
Smith, S.E., and Abdel-Kader, A., 1988. Coastal erosion along the Egyptian delta. Journal of Coastal Research, 4(2): 245–255.
1.
Church, J.A., Gregory, J.M., Huybrechts, P., Kuhn, M., Lambeck, K., Nhuan, M.T., Qin, D., and Woodworth, P.L., 2001. Changes in sea level. In Houghton, J.T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D.J., Noguer, M., van der Linden, P.J., Dai, X., Maskell, K., and Johnson, C.A. (eds.), Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, pp. 639–693.
2.
Day, J.W., Pont, D., Hensel, P., and Ibanez, C., 1995. Impacts of sea level rise on deltas in the Gulf of Mexico and the Mediterranean: the importance of pulsing events to sustainability. Estuaries, 18: 636–647.
3.
Day, J.W., Rybczyk, J.M., Scarton, F., Rismondo, A., Are, D., and Cecconi, G., 1999. Soil accretionary dynamics, sea level rise and the survival of wetlands in the Venice lagoon: a field and modeling approach. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 49: 607–628.
4.
Day, J.W., Psuty, N.P., and Perez, B.C., 2000. The role of pulsing events in the functioning of coastal barriers and wetlands: implications for human impact, management and the response to sea level rise. In Weinstein, M.P., and Kreeger, D.A. (eds.), Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 633–660.
5.
Kreeger, D.A., and Newell, R.I.E., 2000. Trophic complexity between producers and invertebrate consumers in salt marshes. In Weinstein, M.P., and Kreeger, D.A. (eds.), Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 187–200.
6.
Morris, J.T., Sundareshwar, P.V., Nietch, C.T., Kjerfve, B., and Cahoon, D.R., 2002. Response of coastal wetlands to rising sea levels. Ecology, 83: 2869–2877.
7.
Nuttle, W.K., Brinson, M.M., Cahoon, D., Callaway, J.C., Christian, R.R., Chmura, G.L., Conner, W.H., Day, R.H., Ford, M., Grace, J., Lynch, J., Orson, R.A., Parkinson, R.W., Reed, D., Rybczyk, J.M., Smith T.J., III, Stumpf, R.P., and Williams, K., 1997. Conserving coastal wetlands despite sea level rise. EOS, 78: 257–261.
8.
Odum, E.P., 1980. The status of three ecosystem-level hypothesis regarding salt marsh estuaries: tidal subsidy, outwelling, and detritus-based food chains. In Kennedy, V.S. (ed.), Estuarine Perspectives. New York: Academic Press, pp. 485–495.
9.
Roberts, H.H., 1997. Dynamic changes of the Holocene Mississippi River delta plain: the delta cycle. Journal of Coastal Research, 13:605–627.
10.
Whittaker, R.H., and Likens G.E., 1973. Primary production: the biosphere and man. Human Ecology, 1: 357–369.
1.
Alonso, B., Field, M.E., Gardner, J.V., and Maldonado, A., 1990. Sedimentary evolution of the Pliocene and Pleistocene Ebro margin, northeastern Spain. Marine Geology, 95: 313–331.
2.
Bates, C.C., 1953. Rational theory of delta formation. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 37: 2119–2161.
3.
Boyd, R., Suter, J.R., and Penland, S., 1989. Sequence stratigraphy of the Mississippi delta. Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, 39: 331–340.
4.
Coleman, J.M., 1981. Deltas: Processes of Deposition and Models for Exploration. Minneapolis: Burgess.
5.
Coleman, J.M., and Prior, D.B., 1980. Deltaic sand bodies. In American Association of Petroleum Geologists Continuing Education Course 15, Tulsa, OK, p. 171
6.
Coleman, J.M., and Wright, L.D., 1975. Modern river deltas: variability of processes and sand bodies. In Broussard, M.L. (ed.), Deltas: Models for Exploration. Houston, TX: Houston Geological Society, pp. 99–146.
7.
Davis, R.A., Jr., 1983. Depositional Systems: A Genetic Approach to Sedimentary Geology. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
8.
Davis, R.A., Jr., 1994. The Evolving Coast. New York: Scientific American Library.
9.
Donaldson, A.C., Martin, R.H., and Kanes, W.H., 1970. Holocene Guadalupe delta of Texas gulf coast. In Morgan, J.P. (ed.), Deltaic Sedimentation: Modern and Ancient. Tulsa, OK: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication 15, pp. 107–137.
10.
Elliot, T., 1986. Deltas. In Reading, H.G. (ed.), Sedimentary Environments. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, pp. 113–154.
11.
Fairbanks, R.G., 1989. A 17,000-year glacio-eustatic sea level record: influence of glacial melting rates on the Younger Dryas event and deep-ocean circulation. Nature, 342: 637–642.
12.
Fisher, W.L., Brown, L.F., Jr., Scott, A.J., and McGowen, J.H., 1969. Deltas systems in the exploration for oil and gas: a research colloquium. Austin: University of Texas, Bureau of Economic Geology.
13.
Frazier, D.E., 1967. Recent deltaic deposits of the Mississippi River: their development and chronology. Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, 27: 287–315.
14.
Galloway, William E., 1975. Process framework for describing the morphologic and stratigraphic evolution of deltaic depositional systems. In Broussard, M.L. (ed.), Deltas: Models for Exploration. Houston, TX: Houston Geological Society, pp. 87–96.
15.
Gilbert, G.K., 1884. The topographical features of lake shores. United States Geological Survey Annual Report, 5: 104–108.
16.
Inman, D.L., and Nordstrom, C.E., 1971. On the tectonic and morphologic classification of coasts. Journal of Geology, 97: 1–21.
17.
Kindinger, J.L., 1988. Seismic stratigraphy of the Mississippi-Alabama shelf and upper continental slope. Marine Geology, 83: 79–94.
18.
Kindinger, J.L., Balson, P.S., and Flocks, J.G., 1994. Stratigraphy of the Mississippi-Alabama shelf and the mobile river incised-valley system. In Dalrymple, R.W., Boyd, R., and Zaitlin, B.A. (eds.), Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication 51, pp. 83–95.
19.
Kostaschuk, R.A., 1985. River mouth processes in a fjord delta, British Columbia Canada. Marine Geology, 69: 1–23.
20.
Maldonado, A., 1975. Sedimentation, stratigraphy and development of the Ebro Delta, Spain. In Broussard, M. L. (ed.), Deltas: Models for Exploration. Houston: Houston Geological Society, pp. 311–338.
21.
McEwen, M.C., 1969. Sedimentary facies of the modern Trinity delta. In Lanlford, R.R., and Rogers, J.J.W. (eds.), Holocene Geology of the Galveston Bay Area. Houston Geological Society, pp. 53–77.
22.
Moore, G.T., and Asquith, D.O., 1971. Delta: term and concept. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 82: 2563–2568.
23.
Morton, R.A., and Price, W.A., 1987. Late Quaternary sea-level fluctuations and sedimentary phases of the Texas coastal plain and shelf. In Nummedal, D., Pilkey, O.H., and Howard, J.D. (eds.), Sea-Level Fluctuation and Coastal Evolution. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication 41, pp. 181–198.
24.
Müller, G., 1966. The new Rhine delta in Lake Constance. In Broussard, M.L. (ed.), Deltas: Models for Exploration. Houston, TX: Houston Geological Society, pp. 107–124.
25.
Naidu, A.S., and Mowatt, T.C., 1975. Depositional environments and sediment characteristics of the Colville and adjacent deltas, Northern Artic Alaska. In Broussard, M.L. (ed.), Deltas: Models for Exploration. Houston, TX: Houston Geological Society, pp. 283–307.
26.
Nichol, S.L., Boyd, R., and Penland, S., 1996. Sequence stratigraphy of a coastal-plain incised valley estuary: Lake Calcasieu, LA. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 66(4): 847–857.
27.
Orton, G.J., and Reading, H.G., 1993. Variability of deltaic processes in terms of sediment supply, with particular emphasis on grain size. Sedimentology, 40: 475–512.
28.
Penland, S., and Suter, J.R. 1989. The geomorphology of the Mississippi River chenier plain. Marine Geology, 90: 231–258.
29.
Reineck, H.E., and Singh, I.B., 1973. Depositional Sedimentary Environments with Reference to Terrigenous Clastics. New York: Springer Verlag.
30.
Stanley, D.J., and Warne, A.G., 1994. Worldwide initiation of Holocene marine deltas by deceleration of sea-level rise. Science, 265: 228–231.
31.
Stanley, D.J., and Warne, A.G., 1997. Holocene sea-level change and early human utilization of deltas. Geological Society of American Today, 7(12): 1–7.
32.
Suter, J.R., 1994. Deltaic coasts. In Carter, R.W.G., and Woodroffe, C.D. (eds.), Coastal Evolution: Late Quaternary Shoreline Morphodynamics, pp. 87–114.
33.
Suter, J.R., Berryhill, H.L., Jr., and Penland, S., 1987. Late Quaternary sea-level fluctuations and depositional sequences, southwest Louisiana continental shelf. In Nummedal, D., Pilkey, O. H., and Howard, J. D. (eds.), Sea-Level Fluctuation and Coastal Evolution. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication 41, pp. 199–219.
34.
Tye, R.S., and Coleman, J.M., 1989. Depositional processes and stratigraphy of fluvially dominated lacustrine deltas: Mississippi Delta plain. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 59(6): 973–996.
35.
van Heerden, I., and Roberts, H.H., 1988. Facies development Atchafalaya delta, Louisiana: a modern bayhead delta. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 72(4): 439–453.
36.
Wright, L.D., 1977. Sediment transport and deposition at river mouths: a synthesis. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 88: 857–868.
37.
Wright, L.D., and Coleman, J.M., 1973. Variations in morphology of major river deltas as functions of ocean wave and river discharge regimes. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin, 57: 370–398.
1.
Burke, L., Kura, Y., Kassem, K., Revenga, C., Spalding, M., and McAllister, D., 2001. Coastal Ecosystems. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute.
2.
Culliton, T.J., Warren, M.A., Goodspeed, T.R., Remer, D.G., Blackwell, C.M., and MacDonough, J.J., 1990. 50 Years of Population Change along the Nation’s Coasts, 1960–2010. Rockville, MD: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
3.
Goldberg, E.D. 1994. Coastal Zone Space, Prelude to Conflicts. Paris: UNESCO Publishing.
4.
United Nations, 1996. World Population Prospects. The 1996 Revision, Annex I: Demographic Indicators, 24 October. New York: UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.
1.
Birkemeier, W.A., 1985. Field data on seaward limit of profile change. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, 111(3):598–602.
2.
Grosskopf, W.G., and Kraus, N.C., 1994. Guidelines for surveying beach nourishment projects. Shore and Beach, 62(2): 9–16.
3.
Hallermeier, R.J., 1977. Calculating a yearly limit depth to the active beach profile. Vicksburg: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Coastal Engineering Research Center. Technical Paper TP 77-9.
4.
Hallermeier R.J., 1978. Uses for a calculated limit depth to beach erosion. Proceedings of the Sixteenth Coastal Engineering Conference. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York: A-S-O-C-E, Ch. 88, pp. 1493–1512.
5.
Hallermeier, R.J., 1981a. A profile zonation for seasonal sand beaches from wave climate. Coastal Engineering, 4: 253–277.
6.
Hallermeier, R.J., 1981b. Terminal settling velocity of commonly occurring sand grains. Sedimentology, 28: 859–865.
7.
Hallermeier, R.J., 1981c. Seaward limit of significant sand transport by waves: an annual zonation for seasonal profiles. Vicksburg: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Coastal Engineering Research Center. Coastal Engineering Technical Aide CETA 81-2.
8.
Hands, E.B., 1983. The Great Lakes as a test model for profile response to sea level changes. In Komar, P. D. (ed.), Handbook of Coastal Processes and Erosion,, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 167–189. (Also reprinted as Miscellaneous Paper CERC-84-14. Vicksburg: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Coastal Engineering Research Center.)
9.
Kraus, N.C., and Harikai, S., 1983. Numerical model of the shoreline change at Oarai Beach. Coastal Engineering, 7: 1–28.
10.
Kraus, N.C., Larson, M., and Wise, R. 1999. Depth of closure in beach-fill design. Proceedings of the 12th National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology. Florida Shore and Beach Preservation Association, pp. 271–286.
11.
Morang, A., Rahoy, D.S., and Grosskopf, W.M., 1999. Regional geologic characteristics along the south shore of Long Island, New York. Proceedings of Coastal Sediments’ 99. American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 1568–1583.
12.
Nicholls, R.J., Birkemeier, W.A., and Lee, Guan-hong, 1998. Evaluation of depth of closure using data from Duck, NC, USA. Marine Geology, 148: 179–201.
13.
Stauble, D.K., Garcia, A.W., Kraus, N.C., Grosskopf, W.G., and Bass, G.P., 1993. Beach nourishment project response and design evaluation, Ocean City, Maryland. Vicksburg: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. Technical Report CERC-93-13.
14.
Stive, M.J.F., DeVriend, H.J., Nicholls, R.J., and Capobianco, M., 1992. Shore nourishment and the active zone; a timescale dependent view. Proceedings of the 23rd Coastal Engineering Conference. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, pp. 2464–2473.
1.
Ahrens, J.P., and Hands, E.B., 1998. Parameterizing beach erosion/ accretion conditions. Proceedings of the 26th Coastal Engineering Conference, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2, pp. 2382–2394.
2.
Dean, R.G., 1974. Evaluation and development of water wave theories for engineering application; Volume I—Presentation of research results; Volume II—Tabulation of dimensionless stream-function variables. Fort Belvoir, VA: Coastal Engineering Research Center Special Report No. 1.
3.
Hallermeier, R.J., 1980. Sand motion initiation by water waves: two asymptotes. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, ASCE 106(WW3): 299–318.
1.
Kulga, D., and Adanali, K., 1990. Country report on water resources development in Turkey. Paper to regional seminar on water management strategies in Mediterranean countries, Algiers. CEE, Brussels, Belgium.
2.
Matz, R., 1965. Desalination of sea and brackish water. The present status of the art in Israël. In Tamburini, S. (ed.), Aqua dolce dal mare. Milano, Italy.
3.
Nativ, R., 1988. Problems of an over-developed water system, the Israeli case. Water Quality Bulletin, 13: 126–131.
4.
Nebbia, G., 1968. Economics of the conversion of saline waters to fresh water for irrigation. In Boyko, H. (ed.), Saline Irrigation for Agriculture and Forestry, World Academy of Art and Science, Volume 4. The Hague: Junk, W.N.V., pp. 267–288.
5.
Pearce, F., 1996. L’enjeu de l’eau. In Skinner, J., and Krivelli, A.J. (eds.), Conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes, Volume 5. Arles, France: Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat.
6.
Rhoadhes, J.D., Kandiah, A., and Mashali, A.M., 1992. The use of saline waters for crop production. Irrigation and drainage paper No 48. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
1.
Amirman, D.H.K., and Wilson, A.W., 1973. Coastal Deserts, Their Natural and Human Environments. Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona Press.
2.
Berkofsky, L., and Wurtele, M.G., 1987. Progress in Desert Research. Totowa, NJ: Roman and Littlefield.
3.
Cloudsley-Thompson, J., 1975. The Living Earth. Desert Life. London: The Danbury Press, Aldus Books Limited.
4.
Logan, R.F., 1960. The Central Namib Desert.. National Academy of Sciences. National Research Council, Publication 758, 162 p.
5.
Logan, R.F., 1969. Geography of the Central Namib Desert. In McGinnies, W.G., and Goldman, B.J. (eds.), Arid Lands in Perspective, Washington, DC, The American Association for the Advancement of Science, and Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.
6.
Mabbutt, J.A., 1977. Desert Landforms, An Introduction to Systematic Geomorphology, Volume 2, Cambride, MA: The MIT Press.
7.
Mares, M.A. (ed.), 1999, Encyclopedia of Deserts, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
8.
McGinnies, W.G., and Goldman, B.J., 1968. Deserts of the World. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press.
9.
Meigs, P., 1966. Geography of Coastal Deserts. Liege Begique Vaillant Carmanne S.A.: UNESCO.
10.
Nordstorm, K., Psuty, N., and Carter, B., 1990. Coastal Dunes Form and Process. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
11.
Schneider, S.H. 1996. Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather Volume 2, New York: Oxford University Press.
12.
Snead, R.E., 1966. Physical Geography Reconnaissance Las Bela Coastal Plain. West Pakistan. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Coastal, Series No. 13.
13.
Snead, R.E., 1968. Weather patterns in southern West Pakistan. Series B, 16: 316 Archives for Meteorology Geophysics and Biodimatology 346.
14.
Snead, R.E., 1970. Physical Geography of the Makran Coastal Plain of Iran, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA: U. S. Department of Commerce, Report No. AD 707745V.
15.
Snead, R.E., 1982. Coastal Landforms and Surface Features A Photographic Atlas and Glossary. Stroudsburg, PA: Hutchinson Ross Publishing Company.
16.
Thom, B.G. (ed.), 1984. Coastal Geomorphology in Australia. North Ryde, NSW Australia: Academic Press.
17.
Trenhaile, A.S., 1987. The Geomorphology of Rocky Coasts. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
18.
Trewartha, G.T., 1966. The Earth’s Problems Climates. London: Methuen and Co., Ltd.
19.
Young, E.D., 1999. Innovations in Earth Sciences, Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.
1.
Kraus, N., and Pilkey, O. (eds.), 1988. The effects of seawalls on the beach. Journal of Coastal Research, SI4, p. 146.
2.
Marsh, G.P., 1885. Earth as Modified by Human Action. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.
3.
Morton, R.A., Paine, J.G., and Gibeaut, J.C., 1994. Stages and durations of post-storm beach recovery, southeastern Texas coast. Journal of Coastal Research, 10: 884–908.
4.
National Research Council, 1995. Beach Nourishment and Protection. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
5.
Nicholls, R.J., and Branson, J. (eds.), 1998. The Geographical Journal, 164, part 3, pp. 255–278.
6.
Nordstrom, K.F., 2000. Beaches and Dunes of Developed Coasts. New York: Cambridge University Press.
7.
Phillips, J.D., 1991. The human role in earth surface systems: some theoretical considerations. Geographical Analysis, 23: 316–331.
8.
van der Muelen, F., Jungerius, P.D., and Visser, J.H. (eds.), 1989. Perspectives in Coastal Dune Management. The Hague: SPB Academic Publishing.
9.
Titus, J.G., 1990. Greenhouse effect, sea level rise, and barrier islands: a case study of Long Beach Island, NJ. Coastal Management, 18:65–90.
10.
Walker, H.J., 1985. The shoreline: realities and perspectives. In Vallega, A., DaPozzo, C. and Fabbri, P. (eds.) Coastal Planning: Realities and Perspectives, Genoa: Commune di Genova, pp. 59–90.
1.
Jelgersma, S., 1961. Holocene sea level changes in the Netherlands. Ph.D. thesis, State University Leiden, Mededelingen Geologische Stichting, CVI-7.
2.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1984. Shore Protection Manual, Part 1 and 2. Washington DC: Government Printing Office. U.S.
1.
Galvin, C.J., 1968. Breaker type classification on three laboratory beaches. Journal of Geophysical Research, 73: 3651–3659.
2.
Guza, R.T., 1974. Excitation of Edge Waves and Their Role in the Formation of Beach Cusps. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, San Diego.
3.
Masselink, G., and Hegge, B., 1995. Morphodynamics of meso-and macrotidal beaches: examples from central Queensland, Australia. Marine Geology, 129, 1–23.
4.
Sherman, D.J., and Bauer, B.O., 1993. Dynamics of beach-dune systems. Progress in Physical Geography, 17: 413–447.
5.
Short, A.D., 1991. Macro-meso tidal beach morphodynamics—an overview. Journal of Coastal Research, 7: 417–436.
6.
Short, A.D., and Hesp, P.A., 1982. Wave, beach and dune interactions in southeastern Australia. Marine Geology, 48: 259–284.
7.
Sonu, C.J., and Van Beek, J.L., 1971. Systematic beach changes on the outer banks, North Carolina. Journal of Geology, 79: 416–425.
8.
Wright, L.D., and Short, A.D., 1984. Morphodynamic variability of surf zones and beaches: a synthesis. Marine Geology, 56: 93–118.
1.
Bruun, P., 1990a. Beach nourishment. Improved economy through better profiling and backpassing from offshore sources, Journal of Coastal Research, 6(2): 265–277.
2.
Bruun, P., 1990b. Port Engineering. Houston, Gulf Publishing Company.
3.
Bruun, P., 1991. Optimum dredging for artificial nourishment of beaches. Proceedings ASCE Conference on Water Resources, pp. 303–307.
4.
Bruun, P., 1996. New Principles and methods in maintaining beaches and depths in channels and entrances. Proceedings of the Bahia Blanca International Symposium, Journal of Coastal Research, 1–17.
5.
Bruun, P. and Willekes, G., 1992. Bypassing and backpassing at harbors, navigation channels and tidal entrances: use of shallowwater draft hopper dredgers with pump-out capabilities Journal of Coastal Research, 8(4): 972–977.
6.
International Association of Dredging Companies (IADC) and the Central Dredging Association (CEDA), 1999. Environmental Aspects of Dredging, Reuse, Recycle or Relocate. The Hague: International Association of Dredging companies.
7.
Mohan, Ram K., Urso, Dennis C., and Steele, Peter R., 1999. Optimization of Dredged Material Placement Using the Sub-channel Placement Cell Concept. Western Dredging Association.
8.
Visser, K., and Bruun, P., 1997. The Punaise underwater dredger, Journal of Coastal Research, 13(4): 1929–1999.
9.
Wakeman, Th.H., 1999. Using a Materials Assessment Process for Managing Placement of Contaminated Dredged Materials. Western Dredging Association.
10.
World Bank, 1990. Environmental considerations for port and harbor developments. World Bank Technical Paper 126. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
1.
Bird, E.C.F., 1996. Lateral grading of beach sediments: a commentary. Journal of Coastal Research, 12: 774–785.
2.
Davies, J.L., 1980. Geographical Variation in Coastal Development, 2nd edn. London: Longman.
3.
Escoffier, F.F., 1954. Travelling forelands and the shoreline processes associated with them. Bulletin Beach Erosion Board, U.S., 9: 11–14.
1.
Gooding, R.M., and Magnuson, J.J., 1967. Ecological significance of drifting objects to pelagic fishes. Pacific Science, 21: 486–497.
2.
Haggblom, A., 1982. Driftwood in Svalbard as an indicator of sea ice conditions. Geografiska Annaler, 64A: 81–94.
3.
.Maser, C. et al., 1988. From the Forest to the Sea: A Story of Fall Trees. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-229. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, pp. 83–149.
4.
Sedell, J.R., and Duval, W.S., 1985. Water transportation and storage of logs. In Meehan, W.R. (eds.) Influence of forest and rangeland management on anadromous fish habitat in western North America. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-186. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, pp. 1–68.
1.
Bird, E.C.F., 1972. Coasts. Canberra: Australian National University Press.
2.
Davies, J.L., 1957. The importance of cut and fill in the development of beach ridges. Australian Journal of Science, 20: 105–111.
3.
Davies, J.L., 1977. Geographical Variation in Coastal Development. London: Longman.
4.
Goldsmith, V., 1985. Coastal dunes. In Davis, R.A. (ed.), Coastal Sedimentary Environments. New York: Springer Verlag, pp. 303–378.
5.
Komar, P.D., 1976. Beach Processes and Sedimentation. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
6.
Pethick, J., 1984. An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology. London: Edward Arnold.
1.
Bakker, W.T., 1968. Mathematical theory about sand waves and its application on the Dutch Wadden Isle of Vlieland. Shore and Beach, 36: 4–14.
2.
Bruun, P., 1954. Migrating sand waves or sand humps, with special reference to investigations carried out on the Danish North Sea coast. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, ASCE. New York, pp. 269–295.
3.
Bruun, P., 1962. Sea level rise as a cause of shore erosion. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coast, and Ocean Engineering, ASCE, 88: 117–130.
4.
Dean, R.G. 1991. Equilibrium beach profiles: characteristics and applications, Journal of Coastal Research, 7, 1: 53–84.
5.
Dean, R.G., Cheng, J., and Malakar, S., 1998. Characteristics of shoreline change along the sandy beaches of the state of Florida: an atlas. Report No. UFL/COEL-98/015, Gainesville, FL: Department of Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering, University of Florida.
6.
Kriebel, D.L., and Dean, R.G., 1985. Numerical simulation of timedependent beach and dune response. Coastal Engineering, 9(3): 221–246.
7.
Larson, M., and Kraus, N.C. 1989. SBEACH: numerical model for simulating storm-induced beach change, Report 1: empirical foundation and model development. U.S. Army Coastal Engineering Research Center, Waterways Experiment Station, Technical Report CERC-89-9.
8.
Thevenot, M.M., and Kraus, N.C., 1995. Longshore sand waves at Southampton Beach, New York, observations and numerical simulation of their movement. Marine Geology, 126: 249–269.
9.
Thompson, W.C., 1987. Seasonal orientation of California beaches, Shore and Beach, 55(3–4): 67–70.
10.
Verhagen, H.J., 1989. Sand waves along the Dutch coast, Coastal Engineering, 13: 129–147.
Metadata
Title
D
Authors
Dieter Kelletat
Jiyu Chen
John M. Rybczyk
Shea Penland
Mark A. Kulp
Iver W. Duedall
George A. Maul
Andrew Morang
William A. Birkemeier
John P. Ahrens
Bénédicte Cherbuy
Jean-Christophe Aznar
Rodman E. Snead
Nancy L. Jackson
Karl F. Nordstrom
Pieter G.E.F. Augustinus
Douglas J. Sherman
Per Bruun
Eric Bird
Thomas A. Terich
Terry R. Healy
Robert G. Dean
Copyright Year
2005
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Book
Encyclopedia of Coastal Science

Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-1903-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4020-3880-8

Copyright Year: 2005

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3880-1_4