Skip to main content
Top

2016 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

23. Data Fusion of Environment-Perception Sensors for ADAS

Author : Michael Darms

Published in: Handbook of Driver Assistance Systems

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

More and more driver assistance systems are based on a fusion of multiple environment perception sensors. This chapter gives an overview about the objectives of sensor data fusion approaches, explains the main components involved in the perception process, and explains the special topics that need to be taken into consideration in developing a multi-sensor fusion system for driver assistance systems. Focus is put on the topics of data association, tracking, classification, and the underlying architecture. The architecture strongly influences the costs, performance, and the development process of a multi-sensor fusion system. As there are no deterministic methods that guarantee an optimal solution for developing an architecture, the chapter gives an overview of established, general architecture patterns in the field of sensor data fusion and discusses their benefits and drawbacks.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
go back to reference Bar-Shalom Y (2002) Update with out-of-sequence measurements in tracking: exact solution. IEEE Trans Aerosp Electron Syst 3:769–777CrossRef Bar-Shalom Y (2002) Update with out-of-sequence measurements in tracking: exact solution. IEEE Trans Aerosp Electron Syst 3:769–777CrossRef
go back to reference Bar-Shalom Y, Li XR (1995) Multitarget-multisensor tracking – principles and techniques. YBS, Storrs Bar-Shalom Y, Li XR (1995) Multitarget-multisensor tracking – principles and techniques. YBS, Storrs
go back to reference Bar-Shalom Y, Li XR, Kirubarajan T (2001) Estimation with applications to tracking and navigation – theory, algorithms and software. Wiley, New YorkCrossRef Bar-Shalom Y, Li XR, Kirubarajan T (2001) Estimation with applications to tracking and navigation – theory, algorithms and software. Wiley, New YorkCrossRef
go back to reference Becker JC (2002) Fusion der Daten der objekterkennenden Sensoren eines autonomen Straßenfahrzeugs (Fusion of data from object detecting sensors in an autonomous road vehicle). VDI-Verl, Düsseldorf Becker JC (2002) Fusion der Daten der objekterkennenden Sensoren eines autonomen Straßenfahrzeugs (Fusion of data from object detecting sensors in an autonomous road vehicle). VDI-Verl, Düsseldorf
go back to reference Bender E et al (2007) Anti collision system proreta – on the way to the collision avoiding vehicle – part 1: basics of the system. ATZ Wordwide 109(4):20–23 Bender E et al (2007) Anti collision system proreta – on the way to the collision avoiding vehicle – part 1: basics of the system. ATZ Wordwide 109(4):20–23
go back to reference Darms M (2007) Eine Basis-Systemarchitektur zur Sensordatenfusion von Umfeldsensoren für Fahrerassistenzsysteme (A baseline system architecture for sensor data fusion of environment sensors for driver assistance systems) Fortschrittberichte VDI, Series 12, vol 653 Darms M (2007) Eine Basis-Systemarchitektur zur Sensordatenfusion von Umfeldsensoren für Fahrerassistenzsysteme (A baseline system architecture for sensor data fusion of environment sensors for driver assistance systems) Fortschrittberichte VDI, Series 12, vol 653
go back to reference Darms M, Rybski P, Urmson C (2008) Vehicle detection and tracking for the urban challenge, AAET 2008, 9th symposium, 13/14 Feb 2008, Braunschweig Darms M, Rybski P, Urmson C (2008) Vehicle detection and tracking for the urban challenge, AAET 2008, 9th symposium, 13/14 Feb 2008, Braunschweig
go back to reference Darms M, Rybski P, Baker C, Urmson C (2009) Obstacle detection and tracking for the urban challenge. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 10(3):475–485CrossRef Darms M, Rybski P, Baker C, Urmson C (2009) Obstacle detection and tracking for the urban challenge. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 10(3):475–485CrossRef
go back to reference Dietmayer K, Kirchner A, Kampchen N (2005) Fusionsarchitekturen zur Umfeldwahrnehmung für zukünftige Fahrerassistenzsysteme (Fusion architectures for environmental perception in future driver assistance systems). In: Mauerer M (ed) Fahrerassistenzsysteme mit maschineller Wahrnehmung (Driver assistance systems with mechanical perception). Springer, New York, pp 59–87CrossRef Dietmayer K, Kirchner A, Kampchen N (2005) Fusionsarchitekturen zur Umfeldwahrnehmung für zukünftige Fahrerassistenzsysteme (Fusion architectures for environmental perception in future driver assistance systems). In: Mauerer M (ed) Fahrerassistenzsysteme mit maschineller Wahrnehmung (Driver assistance systems with mechanical perception). Springer, New York, pp 59–87CrossRef
go back to reference Föllinger O (1990) Regelungstechnik – Einführung in die Methoden und ihre Anwendung (Control theory – introduction to methods and their application), 6th issue. Hüthig Buch Verlag, Heidelberg Föllinger O (1990) Regelungstechnik – Einführung in die Methoden und ihre Anwendung (Control theory – introduction to methods and their application), 6th issue. Hüthig Buch Verlag, Heidelberg
go back to reference Hall DL (2001) Handbook of multisensor data fusion. CRC Press, Boca Raton Hall DL (2001) Handbook of multisensor data fusion. CRC Press, Boca Raton
go back to reference Hall D, Llinas J (1997) An introduction to multisensor data fusion. Proc IEEE 85(1):6–23CrossRef Hall D, Llinas J (1997) An introduction to multisensor data fusion. Proc IEEE 85(1):6–23CrossRef
go back to reference Hall DL, McMullen SA (2004) Mathematical techniques in multisensor data fusion, 2nd edn. Artech House, BostonMATH Hall DL, McMullen SA (2004) Mathematical techniques in multisensor data fusion, 2nd edn. Artech House, BostonMATH
go back to reference Hänsler E (1997) Statistische Signale: Grundlagen und Anwendungen (Statistical signals: basics and applications), 2nd issue. Springer, Berlin Hänsler E (1997) Statistische Signale: Grundlagen und Anwendungen (Statistical signals: basics and applications), 2nd issue. Springer, Berlin
go back to reference Joerg KW (1994) Echtzeitfähige Multisensorintegration für autonome Mobile Roboter (Real-time capable multi-sensor integration for autonomous mobile robots). BI-Wiss.-Verl., Mannheim Joerg KW (1994) Echtzeitfähige Multisensorintegration für autonome Mobile Roboter (Real-time capable multi-sensor integration for autonomous mobile robots). BI-Wiss.-Verl., Mannheim
go back to reference Kampchen N, Dietmayer K (2003) Data synchronization strategies for multi-sensor fusion. In: 10th world congress on intelligent transport systems. Band Proceedings of IST 2003. Madrid Kampchen N, Dietmayer K (2003) Data synchronization strategies for multi-sensor fusion. In: 10th world congress on intelligent transport systems. Band Proceedings of IST 2003. Madrid
go back to reference Klein LA (1999) Sensor and data fusion concepts and applications, 2nd issue, vol 35. SPIE, Bellingham Klein LA (1999) Sensor and data fusion concepts and applications, 2nd issue, vol 35. SPIE, Bellingham
go back to reference Lou RC, Kay MK (1991) Multisensor integration and fusion in intelligent systems. In: Autonomous mobile robots, Bd. 1. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos Lou RC, Kay MK (1991) Multisensor integration and fusion in intelligent systems. In: Autonomous mobile robots, Bd. 1. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos
go back to reference Lunze J (2006) Regelungstechnik Mehrgrößensysteme, digitale Regelung (Control theory on multiple value systems, digital control), vol 2. Springer, Berlin Lunze J (2006) Regelungstechnik Mehrgrößensysteme, digitale Regelung (Control theory on multiple value systems, digital control), vol 2. Springer, Berlin
go back to reference Mauthener M et al (2006) Out-of-sequence measurements treatment in sensor fusion applications: buffering versus advances algorithms. In: Stiller C, Maurer M (Hrsg) 4. Workshop Fahrerassistenzsysteme FAS2006 (Driver assistance systems workshop), pp 20–30. fmrt, Karlsruhe Mauthener M et al (2006) Out-of-sequence measurements treatment in sensor fusion applications: buffering versus advances algorithms. In: Stiller C, Maurer M (Hrsg) 4. Workshop Fahrerassistenzsysteme FAS2006 (Driver assistance systems workshop), pp 20–30. fmrt, Karlsruhe
go back to reference Mayr R (2001) Regelungsstrategien fur die automatische Fahrzeugführung: Längs- und Querregelung, Spurwechselund Überholmanöver (Control strategies for automatic vehicle guidance: longitudinal and latitudinal control, lane changing and overtaking manoeuvres). Springer, Tokyo Mayr R (2001) Regelungsstrategien fur die automatische Fahrzeugführung: Längs- und Querregelung, Spurwechselund Überholmanöver (Control strategies for automatic vehicle guidance: longitudinal and latitudinal control, lane changing and overtaking manoeuvres). Springer, Tokyo
go back to reference Narbe B et al (2003a) Datennetzkonzepte für die Sensordatenfusion – Teil 1 (Data network concepts for sensor data fusion – part 1). Elektronik Automotive 4:54–59 Narbe B et al (2003a) Datennetzkonzepte für die Sensordatenfusion – Teil 1 (Data network concepts for sensor data fusion – part 1). Elektronik Automotive 4:54–59
go back to reference Narbe B et al (2003b) Datennetzkonzepte für die Sensordatenfusion – Teil 2 (Data network concepts for sensor data fusion – part 2). Elektronik Automotive 5:40–44 Narbe B et al (2003b) Datennetzkonzepte für die Sensordatenfusion – Teil 2 (Data network concepts for sensor data fusion – part 2). Elektronik Automotive 5:40–44
go back to reference Robinson G, Aboutalib A (1990) Trade-off analysis of multisensor fusion levels. In: Proceedings of the 2nd national symposium on sensors and sensor fusion, No 2, Chicago, IL, pp 21–34 Robinson G, Aboutalib A (1990) Trade-off analysis of multisensor fusion levels. In: Proceedings of the 2nd national symposium on sensors and sensor fusion, No 2, Chicago, IL, pp 21–34
go back to reference Schopper M, Henle L, Wohland T (2013) Intelligent Drive Vernetzte Intelligenz für mehr Sicherheit (Intelligent Drive – networked intelligence for improved safety). ATZExtra 5:106–114CrossRef Schopper M, Henle L, Wohland T (2013) Intelligent Drive Vernetzte Intelligenz für mehr Sicherheit (Intelligent Drive – networked intelligence for improved safety). ATZExtra 5:106–114CrossRef
go back to reference Starke G (2005) Effektive Software-Architekturen – Ein praktischer Leitfaden (Effective software architectures – a practical guide), 2nd issue Hanser, Wien Starke G (2005) Effektive Software-Architekturen – Ein praktischer Leitfaden (Effective software architectures – a practical guide), 2nd issue Hanser, Wien
go back to reference Steinberg A, Bowman C, White F (1998) Revisions to the JDL data fusion model. Quebec City Steinberg A, Bowman C, White F (1998) Revisions to the JDL data fusion model. Quebec City
go back to reference Streller D (2006) Multi-Hypothesen-Ansatz zur Erkennung und Verfolgung von Objekten in Verkehrsszenen mit Laserscannern (Multi-hypotheses approach for detection and tracking of objects in traffic scenarios with laser scanners). VDI-Verl, Düsseldorf Streller D (2006) Multi-Hypothesen-Ansatz zur Erkennung und Verfolgung von Objekten in Verkehrsszenen mit Laserscannern (Multi-hypotheses approach for detection and tracking of objects in traffic scenarios with laser scanners). VDI-Verl, Düsseldorf
go back to reference Stüker D (2004) Heterogene Sensordatenfusion zur robusten Objektverfolgung im automobilen Straßenverkehr. (Heterogenous sensor data fusion for robust object tracking in automotive road traffic), Diss. Univ. Oldenburg, (online publication), URL: urn:nbn:de:gbv:715-oops-2319; http://oops.uni-oldenburg.de/201/1/stuhet04.pdf. Accessed 31 Jan 2015 Stüker D (2004) Heterogene Sensordatenfusion zur robusten Objektverfolgung im automobilen Straßenverkehr. (Heterogenous sensor data fusion for robust object tracking in automotive road traffic), Diss. Univ. Oldenburg, (online publication), URL: urn:nbn:de:gbv:715-oops-2319; http://​oops.​uni-oldenburg.​de/​201/​1/​stuhet04.​pdf. Accessed 31 Jan 2015
go back to reference Vogel O (2005) Software-Architektur – Grundlagen – Konzepte – Praxis (Software architecture – basics – concepts – practical applications), 1st issue Elsevier, Spektrum, Akad. Verl., Munich Vogel O (2005) Software-Architektur – Grundlagen – Konzepte – Praxis (Software architecture – basics – concepts – practical applications), 1st issue Elsevier, Spektrum, Akad. Verl., Munich
Metadata
Title
Data Fusion of Environment-Perception Sensors for ADAS
Author
Michael Darms
Copyright Year
2016
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12352-3_24

Premium Partner