Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Published in:
Introduction Read chapter Read first chapter

2015 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

6. Deep Neural Network-Hidden Markov Model Hybrid Systems

Authors : Dong Yu, Li Deng

Published in: Automatic Speech Recognition

Publisher: Springer London

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In this chapter, we describe one of the several possible ways of exploiting deep neural networks (DNNs) in automatic speech recognition systems—the deep neural network-hidden Markov model (DNN-HMM) hybrid system. The DNN-HMM hybrid system takes advantage of DNN’s strong representation learning power and HMM’s sequential modeling ability, and outperforms conventional Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-HMM systems significantly on many large vocabulary continuous speech recognition tasks. We describe the architecture and the training procedure of the DNN-HMM hybrid system and point out the key components of such systems by comparing a range of system setups.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
previous chapter Advanced Model Initialization Techniques
next chapter Training and Decoding Speedup
Footnotes
1
For the desired segmental model, this duration model is very rough.
 
2
The independence assumption made in the HMM is one of the reasons why language model weighting is needed. Assuming one doubles the features by extracting a feature for each 5 ms instead of 10 ms, the acoustic model score will be doubled and so the language model weight will also need to be doubled.
 
3
Unfair comparison was conducted in several papers that compare the hybrid DNN/HMM system and the KL-HMM system. The conclusions in these papers are thus questionable.
 
Literature
1.
Aradilla, G., Bourlard, H., Magimai-Doss, M.: Using KL-based acoustic models in a large vocabulary recognition task. In: Proceedings of Annual Conference of International Speech Communication Association (INTERSPEECH), pp. 928–931 (2008)
2.
Aradilla, G., Vepa, J., Bourlard, H.: An acoustic model based on kullback-leibler divergence for posterior features. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), vol. 4, pp. IV–657 (2007)
3.
Bahl, L., Brown, P., De Souza, P., Mercer, R.: Maximum mutual information estimation of hidden markov model parameters for speech recognition. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), vol. 11, pp. 49–52 (1986)
4.
Bourlard, H., Morgan, N., Wooters, C., Renals, S.: CDNN: a context dependent neural network for continuous speech recognition. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), vol. 2, pp. 349–352 (1992)
5.
Bourlard, H., Wellekens, C.J.: Links between Markov models and multilayer perceptrons. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. (PAMI) 12(12), 1167–1178 (1990)CrossRef
6.
Dahl, G.E., Yu, D., Deng, L., Acero, A.: Large vocabulary continuous speech recognition with context-dependent DBN-HMMs. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), pp. 4688–4691 (2011)
7.
Dahl, G.E., Yu, D., Deng, L., Acero, A.: Context-dependent pre-trained deep neural networks for large-vocabulary speech recognition. IEEE Trans. Audio, Speech Lang. Process. 20(1), 30–42 (2012)CrossRef
8.
Godfrey, J.J., Holliman, E.: Switchboard-1 Release 2. Linguistic Data Consortium, Philadelphia (1997)
9.
Godfrey, J.J., Holliman, E.C., McDaniel, J.: Switchboard: telephone speech corpus for research and development. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), vol. 1, pp. 517–520 (1992)
10.
Hennebert, J., Ris, C., Bourlard, H., Renals, S., Morgan, N.: Estimation of global posteriors and forward-backward training of hybrid hmm/ann systems (1997)
11.
Hermansky, H., Ellis, D.P., Sharma, S.: Tandem connectionist feature extraction for conventional HMM systems. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), vol. 3, pp. 1635–1638 (2000)
12.
Hinton, G., Deng, L., Yu, D., Dahl, G.E., Mohamed, A.R., Jaitly, N., Senior, A., Vanhoucke, V., Nguyen, P., Sainath, T.N., et al.: Deep neural networks for acoustic modeling in speech recognition: the shared views of four research groups. IEEE Signal Process. Mag. 29(6), 82–97 (2012)
13.
Hwang, M., Huang, X.: Shared-distribution hidden Markov models for speech recognition. IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process. 1(4), 414–420 (1993)
14.
Kapadia, S., Valtchev, V., Young, S.: MMI training for continuous phoneme recognition on the TIMIT database. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), vol. 2, pp. 491–494 (1993)
15.
Kingsbury, B., Sainath, T.N., Soltau, H.: Scalable minimum bayes risk training of deep neural network acoustic models using distributed hessian-free optimization. In: Proceedings of Annual Conference of International Speech Communication Association (INTERSPEECH) (2012)
16.
Kumar, N., Andreou, A.G.: Heteroscedastic discriminant analysis and reduced rank HMMs for improved speech recognition. Speech Commun. 26(4), 283–297 (1998)CrossRef
17.
Morgan, N., Bourlard, H.: Continuous speech recognition using multilayer perceptrons with hidden Markov models. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), pp. 413–416 (1990)
18.
Morgan, N., Bourlard, H.A.: Neural networks for statistical recognition of continuous speech. Proc. IEEE 83(5), 742–772 (1995)CrossRef
19.
Ostendorf, M., Digalakis, V.V., Kimball, O.A.: From HMM’s to segment models: a unified view of stochastic modeling for speech recognition. IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process. 4(5), 360–378 (1996)CrossRef
20.
Povey, D.: Discriminative Training for Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition. Ph.D. thesis, Cambridge University Engineering Department, Cambridge (2003)
21.
Povey, D., Kanevsky, D., Kingsbury, B., Ramabhadran, B., Saon, G., Visweswariah, K.: Boosted MMI for model and feature-space discriminative training. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), pp. 4057–4060 (2008)
22.
Povey, D., Kingsbury, B., Mangu, L., Saon, G., Soltau, H., Zweig, G.: FMPE: discriminatively trained features for speech recognition. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), vol. 1, pp. 961–964 (2005)
23.
Povey, D., Woodland, P.C.: Minimum phone error and I-smoothing for improved discriminative training. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), vol. 1, pp. I-105 (2002)
24.
Robinson, A.J., Cook, G., Ellis, D.P., Fosler-Lussier, E., Renals, S., Williams, D.: Connectionist speech recognition of broadcast news. Speech Commun. 37(1), 27–45 (2002)CrossRefMATH
25.
Seide, F., Li, G., Yu, D.: Conversational speech transcription using context-dependent deep neural networks. In: Proceedings of Annual Conference of International Speech Communication Association (INTERSPEECH), pp. 437–440 (2011)
26.
Senior, A., Heigold, G., Bacchiani, M., Liao, H.: GMM-free DNN training. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) (2014)
27.
Su, H., Li, G., Yu, D., Seide, F.: Error back propagation for sequence training of context-dependent deep networks for conversational speech transcription. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) (2013)
28.
Trentin, E., Gori, M.: A survey of hybrid ANN/HMM models for automatic speech recognition. Neurocomputing 37(1), 91–126 (2001)CrossRefMATH
29.
Yu, D., Deng, L., Dahl, G.: Roles of pre-training and fine-tuning in context-dependent DBN-HMMs for real-world speech recognition. In: Proceedings of Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) Workshop on Deep Learning and Unsupervised Feature Learning (2010)
30.
Yu, D., Ju, Y.C., Wang, Y.Y., Zweig, G., Acero, A.: Automated directory assistance system-from theory to practice. In: Proceedings of Annual Conference of International Speech Communication Association (INTERSPEECH), pp. 2709–2712 (2007)
31.
Zhang, B., Matsoukas, S., Schwartz, R.: Discriminatively trained region dependent feature transforms for speech recognition. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), vol. 1,pp. I–I (2006)
32.
Zhu, Q., Chen, B., Morgan, N., Stolcke, A.: Tandem connectionist feature extraction for conversational speech recognition. In: Machine Learning for Multimodal Interaction, vol. 3361, pp. 223–231. Springer, Berlin (2005)
Metadata
Title
Deep Neural Network-Hidden Markov Model Hybrid Systems
Authors
Dong Yu
Li Deng
Copyright Year
2015
Publisher
Springer London
Book
Automatic Speech Recognition

Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-5778-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4471-5779-3

Copyright Year: 2015

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5779-3_6