Product Development Process (PDP) is a consolidated engineering activity that takes a product from conception to market. The steps in product development include drafting the concept, creating the overall design, developing detail design, and prototyping [
1,
2]. One of the most recurring disciplines in the engineering design contexts relates the solid modelling and drawing (CAD - Computer-Aided Design). Nowadays, CAD tools couple the initial capability for which they were conceived, with the potentialities deriving from the integration of the multidisciplinary design methodologies (i.e., FEM, CAM) [
3]. Design for X (DfX) is a target design methodology that gives designers a thought process and guidance for developing products oriented to a specific engineering challenge (i.e., manufacturability, assemblability, sustainability) [
4]. For example, Design for Assembly (DfA) is a systematic procedure aiming at the reduction of assembly time through the reduction of the overall number of components in a given assembly [
5]. At the same time, Design for Manufacturing (DfM) is an engineering practice aiming at the simplification of the manufacturing process for cost reduction of a given component [
6]. DfMA (Design for Manufacturing and Assembly) is considered a comprehensive engineering practice integrating manufacturing and assembly aspects. DfMA is a design methodology that suffers a real integration with 3D CAD systems. In particular, DfMA principles are currently applied downstream of the 3D modelling following available knowledge from the literature and the company’s know-how (internal knowledge) [
7]. Literature provides several attempts with regards to DfMA knowledge formalization using ontologies [
8,
9]. Within the design context, the need to create a conceptual framework for data exchange is amplified by the nature of design information, which ranges from geometric descriptions of the part itself to manufacturing information such as material and cost. Ontologies overcome this limitation since their focus is not only on data or knowledge but also on the information context that lets specific access to detailed information parts to a latter phase [
10]. However, the link with product analysis for geometrical features modification is still a grey area with possible potential for research activities. The goal of the paper is to provide a method that helps designers in the collection of DfMA design rules oriented to product manufacturing and assembly. In particular, this research work wants to define a general method able to link DfMA design guidelines (knowledge engineering) with geometrical product features that are available by investigating the 3D model. This method is leading to the development of a knowledge-based management tool that is accessible to designers for design updates. Numerical parameters of design features are related to design guidelines for the identification of manufacturing and assembly issues within the analysis of the 3D model. The novelty of this work is beyond the simple collection of DfMA rules by using an ontology method. The paper allows creating a list of design rules that can be integrated into a 3D system for the investigation of manufacturing and assembly issues early in the design step. The paper is structured as follows: after this introduction, Sect.
2 describes the knowledge-based system used for the classification of the DfMA rules, and Sect.
3 reports a case study of DfMA rule classification. Section
4 presents the concluding remarks and future perspectives on this subject.