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The Nexus Approach to Governance of Environmental Resources Considering Global Change Read chapter Read first chapter

2015 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

8. Designing Sustainable Wastewater Reuse Systems: Towards an Agroecology of Wastewater Irrigation

Authors : Philipp Weckenbrock, Graham Alabaster

Published in: Governing the Nexus

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

One of the challenges of population growth and rapid urbanization processes is how to deal with the ever-increasing volumes of wastewater. Because of high costs of conventional technical wastewater treatment facilities, only the wealthiest countries can treat most of their wastewater. The largest part of the world’s wastewater enters the environment untreated. Centralized wastewater collection and treatment also impacts downstream use. New opportunities for decentralized treatment and reuse, particularly in smaller urban centres can increase reuse opportunities significantly. Recently, more emphasis has been put on potential benefits of wastewater reuse in agriculture. However, what works and what doesn’t depends on a range of factors concerning the general context of each scheme (including soil, climate, etc.), as well as on the specific crops chosen. More research is therefore needed on crop types and combinations of crops suitable for wastewater irrigation. No single plant can flourish in varying degrees of water quality while at the same time resisting pests and diseases, absorbing contaminants from wastewater and soils and producing abundant harvests. Only a variety of plants grown in combination can fulfil all these functions. A sustainable agricultural system under wastewater irrigation must therefore be a multicropping system. In order to design such a sustainable wastewater reuse scheme, agroecological principles and methods should be used.

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Appendix
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Footnotes
1
For a discussion of global estimates of the area under wastewater irrigation, see Weckenbrock (2010).
 
2
For wastewater used to irrigate vegetable crops eaten uncooked (Havelaar et al. 2001).
 
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Metadata
Title
Designing Sustainable Wastewater Reuse Systems: Towards an Agroecology of Wastewater Irrigation
Authors
Philipp Weckenbrock
Graham Alabaster
Copyright Year
2015
Book
Governing the Nexus

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-05746-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-05747-7

Copyright Year: 2015

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05747-7_8