Determination of Environmental Impact Factors of Flood Control Hydrosystems with Temporarily Filled Self-regulating Reservoirs

In the paper, the way of lands protection from torrential floods is considered by control of flood discharge in a river basin using the system of reservoirs distributed on the catchment-basin as part of a hydrosystem with a hydroelectric power plant of a complex purpose on the main river, as well as flood control hydrosystems in the upper reaches of the river and on lateral streams with temporarily filled self-regulating reservoirs. The task of determining the main impact factors on the environment of flood control hydrosystems and their quantitative assessment is considered. The most frequently encountered impact factors on the natural environment during the creation and operation of flood control hydrosystems are determined and considered. For specific hydrosystems, the choice of priority impact factors on the natural environment is proposed to be carried out using expert analysis. It’s recommended at the stage of choice of the location for flood control hydrosystems and the substantiation of their parameters, use the express-assessment of the impact on the natural environment. The article considers the impact of inundation caused by temporarily filled self-regulating reservoirs of flood control hydrosystems on forests, bogs, water quality and ecosystem diversity. The final parameters and operation modes of flood control hydrosystems are proposed to be determined for the minimum of permissible areas of short-term inundation of the upper pool, calculated for each priority environmental impact factor.