Top

International Journal of Material Forming

Published in:

01-01-2024 | Original Research

Development of a plane strain tensile test to characterize the formability of 5xxx and 6xxx aluminium alloys

Authors: Maryse Gille, Fanny Mas, Jean-Christophe Ehrström, Dominique Daniel

Published in: International Journal of Material Forming | Issue 1/2024

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

This article presents the development of a plane strain tensile test aiming at an easy classification of aluminium automotive alloys according to their formability in prototyping steps. A parametric study with finite element method is performed on three different designs inspired by literature. It is found that, due to plastic anisotropy, specimens designed for steel are not suited for aluminium alloys. One optimized specimen geometry, ensuring near plane strain state on a large zone all along the deformation range up to failure, is selected. On this geometry, tensile tests instrumented by Digital Image Correlation are performed for five different aluminium alloys (5xxx and 6xxx) in three different directions of the metal sheet (rolling, diagonal and transverse). From Digital Image Correlation analysis, necking limits are evaluated and their relevance for the ranking of alloys according to their formability is discussed in comparison with a standard formability test, namely the Limiting Dome Height test.

Graphical Abstract

previous article Inline closed-loop control of bending angles with machine learning supported springback compensation

next article Rapid multi-material joining via flow drill screw process: experiment and FE analysis using the coupled Eulerian‒Lagrangian method

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

This design is different from the one used in Holmberg [9] publication. It is the one selected after optimization in Section "Specimen design optimization". This is why no plane strain zone is observed for mild steel.

International Organization for Standardization (2008) ISO/DIS 12004–1, Metallic materials — Sheet and strip — Determination of forming-limit curves — Part 1: Measurement and application of forming-limit diagrams in the press shop

International Organization for Standardization (2008) ISO/DIS 12004–2, Metallic materials — Sheet and strip — Determination of forming-limit curves — Part 2: Determination of forming-limit curves in the laboratory

Bottema J, Lahaye C, Baartman R et al (1998) Recent Developments in AA6016 Aluminium Type Body Sheet Product. SAE Trans 107:900–907

Kelly P (2013) Part I: An Introduction to Solid Mechanics - 4.2. Plane Strain. In: Solid Mechanics Lecture Notes. The University of Auckland, pp 101–109

Thompson R (1993) The LDH Test to Evaluate Sheet Metal Formability - Final Report of the LDH Committee of the North American Deep Drawing Research Group. SAE International, Warrendale, PA

Sang H, Nishikawa Y (1983) A Plane Strain Tensile Apparatus. J Met 35:30–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03338202CrossRef

Song X (2018) Identification of forming limits of sheet metals with an in-plane biaxial tensile test. Theses, INSA de Rennes

Dietsch P, Tihay K, Bui-Van A, Cornette D (2017) Methodology to assess fracture during crash simulation: fracture strain criteria and their calibration. Metall Res Technol 114:607. https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2016065CrossRef

Holmberg S, Enquist B, Thilderkvist P (2004) Evaluation of sheet metal formability by tensile tests. J Mater Process Technol 145:72–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2003.07.004CrossRef

10.

Kilfoil LJ (2007) In-plane plane strain testing to evaluate formability of sheet steels used in tubular products. Theses, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering

11.

Flores P, Tuninetti V, Gilles G et al (2010) Accurate stress computation in plane strain tensile tests for sheet metal using experimental data. J Mater Process Technol 210:1772–1779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2010.06.008CrossRef

12.

Woelke P, Londono J, Knoerr L et al (2018) Fundamental Differences between Fracture Behavior of Thin Sheets under Plane Strain Bending and Tension. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 418:012078. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/418/1/012078CrossRef

13.

Granum H, Morin D, Børvik T, Hopperstad OS (2021) Calibration of the modified Mohr-Coulomb fracture model by use of localization analyses for three tempers of an AA6016 aluminium alloy. Int J Mech Sci 192:106122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2020.106122CrossRef

14.

Kohl D, Merklein M (2021) Alternative characterization method for the failure behavior of sheet metals derived from Nakajima test. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 1157:012046. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1157/1/012046CrossRef

15.

Xavier MD, de Lima NB, Plaut RL, Schön CG (2015) Strain path dependence of the FLC0 formability parameter in an interstitial free steel. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 80:1077–1085. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7103-5CrossRef

16.

Aretz H, Aegerter J, Engler O (2010) Analysis of Earing in Deep Drawn Cups. AIP Conf Proc 1252:417–424. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3457585CrossRef

17.

Wagoner RH, Wang N-M (1979) An experimental and analytical investigation of in-plane deformation of 2036–T4 aluminum sheet. Int J Mech Sci 21:255–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7403(79)90001-8CrossRef

18.

Dournaux JL, Bouvier S, Aouafi A, Vacher P (2009) Full-field measurement technique and its application to the analysis of materials behaviour under plane strain mode. Mater Sci Eng A 500:47–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2008.09.052CrossRef

19.

Park N, Stoughton TB, Yoon JW (2020) A new approach for fracture prediction considering general anisotropy of metal sheets. Int J Plast 124:199–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2019.08.011CrossRef

20.

Spencer K, Corbin SF (1999) Fracture Behaviour of Aluminum Alloy Sheet Used for Automotive Applications. ICM8 - 8th International conference on the Mechanical behaviour of materials, Victoria, Canada, pp 67–72

21.

Hockett JE, Sherby OD (1975) Large strain deformation of polycrystalline metals at low homologous temperatures. J Mech Phys Solids 23:87–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5096(75)90018-6CrossRef

22.

Barlat F, Lege DJ, Brem JC (1991) A six-component yield function for anisotropic materials. Int J Plast 7:693–712. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-6419(91)90052-ZCrossRef

23.

GOM Correlate Feature Overview. https://www.gom.com/en/products/zeiss-quality-suite/gom-correlate-pro/features. Accessed 18 Dec 2023

24.

Volk W, Hora P (2011) New algorithm for a robust user-independent evaluation of beginning instability for the experimental FLC determination. Int J Mater Form 4:339–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12289-010-1012-9CrossRef

25.

Bai Y, Teng X, Wierzbicki T (2009) On the Application of Stress Triaxiality Formula for Plane Strain Fracture Testing. J Eng Mater Technol 131. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3078390

Title: Development of a plane strain tensile test to characterize the formability of 5xxx and 6xxx aluminium alloys
Authors: Maryse Gille
Fanny Mas
Jean-Christophe Ehrström
Dominique Daniel
Publication date: 01-01-2024
Publisher: Springer Paris
Published in: International Journal of Material Forming / Issue 1/2024
Print ISSN: 1960-6206
Electronic ISSN: 1960-6214
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12289-023-01805-9

Springer Professional

Abstract

Graphical Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 1/2024

Rapid multi-material joining via flow drill screw process: experiment and FE analysis using the coupled Eulerian‒Lagrangian method

Finite difference based stress integration algorithm for crystal plasticity finite element method

Predictive control for a single-blow cold upsetting using surrogate modeling for a digital twin

Stamping process analysis in an industrial plant and its limitations to obtain an industrializable Continuous Twin

Inline closed-loop control of bending angles with machine learning supported springback compensation

Polymer extrusion die design using a data-driven autoencoders technique

Premium Partners