Introduction
Materials and methods
Marbles
Methodology
Results
Characterization of marbles
White Macael | Tranco Macael | Yellow Macael | |
---|---|---|---|
Mineralogical composition (%) | |||
Cc | 99 ± 1 | 98 ± 2 | 4 ± 1 |
Dol | – | – | 95 ± 3 |
Others | 1 ± 0.01 | 1 ± 0.01 | 1 ± 0.1 |
Grain size (mm) | |||
Cc | 0.1–3 | 0.2–1.5 | 0.5–1 |
Dol | – | – | 0.05–0.8 |
Others | ≤0.01 | ≤0.01 | ≤0.01 |
Texture | Granoblastic | Granoblastic | Granoblastic-seriate |
White Macael | Tranco Macael | Yellow Macael | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
x
|
y
|
z
| ΔM (%) |
x
|
y
|
z
| ΔM (%) |
x
|
y
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z
| ΔM (%) | |
Ultrasound tests, Vp (m/s) | ||||||||||||
Dry samples | 5.885 | 5.756 | 5.058 | 13.10 | 6.210 | 5.678 | 5.387 | 9.37 | 6.597 | 6.573 | 5.165 | 21.56 |
Water-saturated samples | 6.405 | 6.386 | 6.246 | 2.34 | 6.589 | 6.253 | 6.073 | 5.42 | 7.452 | 7.304 | 6.816 | 7.62 |
(a) | ||||||||||||
Water-access porosity, Ф (vol.%) | 0.41 | 0.35 | 0.94 | |||||||||
Real density by water absorption, ρ
rock (g/cm3) | 2.70 | 2.73 | 2.92 | |||||||||
(b) | ||||||||||||
Porosity, P (%) | 1.76 | 0.75 | 2.42 | |||||||||
Real density, ρ
rock (g/cm3) | 2.72 | 2.75 | 2.92 | |||||||||
Surface area, SA (m2/g) | 0.185 | 0.258 | 0.754 | |||||||||
Fractal dimension calculated using MIP data, D
f
| 2.77 | 2.87 | 2.79 | |||||||||
(c) | ||||||||||||
Pore volume, P vol. (cm3/g) | 0.00006 | 0.00021 | 0.00022 | |||||||||
Surface area, SA BET (m2/g) | 0.198 | 0.316 | 0.347 | |||||||||
Fractal dimension calculated using GS data, D
s
| 2.88 | 2.82 | 2.68 |
Thermal expansion tests
White Macael | Tranco Macael | Yellow Macael | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X
|
Y
|
Z
|
∆ (%) |
X
|
Y
|
Z
|
∆ (%) |
X
|
Y
|
Z
|
∆ (%) | |
α (10−6 K−1) | 16.67 | 9.52 | 23.97 | 53.15 | 4.66 | 10.69 | 13.92 | 62.13 | 12.91 | 13.34 | 16.57 | 13.67 |
ε
rs (mm/m) | 0.86 | 0.43 | 1.31 | 60.37 | 0.18 | 0.54 | 0.72 | 71.43 | 0.66 | 0.68 | 0.85 | 13.73 |
r (mm/m) | 0.31 | 0.09 | 0.29 | 69.80 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 42.57 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 74.97 |
r* (mm/m) | 0.6423 | 0.2789 | 0.7723 | 60.57 | 0.3229 | 0.4843 | 0.5101 | 35.05 | 0.1695 | 0.1222 | 0.4677 | 61.63 |
White Maacel | Tranco Macael | Yellow Macael | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
x
|
y
|
z
| ΔM (%) |
x
|
y
|
z
| ΔM (%) |
x
|
y
|
z
| ΔM (%) | |
Ultrasound test, Vp (m/s) | ||||||||||||
Dry samples | 2.647 | 3.625 | 2.794 | 17.53 | 5.010 | 4.550 | 4.057 | 15.13 | 4.714 | 4.567 | 2.866 | 38.24 |
Water-saturated samples | 5.985 | 6.214 | 5.964 | 2.22 | 6.148 | 6.023 | 5.577 | 8.36 | 6.824 | 6.965 | 6.367 | 7.65 |
Difference between fresh and altered dry samples (%) | 55 | 37 | 45 | 26 | 19 | 20 | 25 | 13 | 29 | 31 | 45 | 24 |
(a) | ||||||||||||
Water-access porosity, Ф (vol.%) | 0.67 | 0.48 | 0.92 | |||||||||
Real density by water absorption, ρ
rock (g/cm3) | 2.71 | 2.74 | 2.93 | |||||||||
(b) | ||||||||||||
Porosity, P (%) | 6.63 | 1.21 | 2.91 | |||||||||
Real density, ρ
rock (g/cm3) | 2.72 | 2.70 | 2.92 | |||||||||
Surface area, SA (m2/g) | 1.342 | 0.573 | 0.449 | |||||||||
Fractal dimension calculated using MIP data, D
f
| 2.69 | 2.92 | 2.94 | |||||||||
(c) | ||||||||||||
Pore volume, P vol. (cm3/g) | 0.00005 | 0.000111 | 0.00020 | |||||||||
Surface area, SA BET (m2/g) | 0.116 | 0.143 | 0.205 | |||||||||
Fractal dimension calculated using GS data, D
s
| 2.84 | 2.67 | 2.56 |