Drivers of China’s geographical renewable energy development: evidence from spatial association network structure approaches

The Sustainable Development Goals, championed by the United Nations, have elevated the importance of renewable energy development (RED) within China's energy landscape. As China strives to align its energy goals with these global objectives, it becomes imperative to delve into the intricate spatial dynamics of renewable energy. This study employs a modified gravity model and harness the power of social network analysis to scrutinize the landscape of RED in 30 Chinese provinces from 2012 to 2021. The findings reveal a captivating narrative of transformation. Over the years, we have witnessed shifts in the general trajectory of RED across China and nuanced variations within each province. The spatial network underpins RED's growth as a multifaceted tapestry, showing stability and adaptability. It paints a vivid picture of interconnected provinces with telltale signs of spatial spillover effects. Amid this intricate web emerges a core–edge pattern, signifying the ascent of core regions while the peripheries undergo a contraction. Nevertheless, beneath the surface, the demographics of network components play a significant role, contributing to the rich tapestry of RED variations across provinces. This spatial network thrives on the disparities in industrial policy, economic development, system adjacency, transportation infrastructure, and the diverse political systems across the Chinese provinces. In light of these compelling findings, our call to action is clear. Policymakers would reinforce their commitment to RED, encouraging regional collaboration and harmonizing policies to accelerate China's journey towards sustainable energy goals.