Introduction
Methods
Participants and procedures
Measures
Sociodemographics
DT-P
Statistical analyses
Results
Participants (N = 1421) | Non-participants (N = 878) |
p
| |
---|---|---|---|
Child | |||
Age in years, M (SD), range | 8.07 (5.59) | 8.06 (5.13), .2–19.0 | .936 |
Female gender (%) | 46.9 | 48.9 | .340 |
Parents* | |||
Age in years, M (SD), range | 40.5 (7.1), 18.1–75.3 | 40.20 (6.87), 24.3–66.2 | .287 |
Female gender (%) | 60.7 | 56.2 | .035 |
Born in the Netherlandsa (%) | 96.4 | 95.8 | .259 |
Educational levelb (%) | |||
Low | 16.3 | 19.9 | .060 |
Intermediate | 42.9 | 44.1 | |
High | 40.0 | 35.4 | |
Paid employmentc (%) | 83.8 | 82.2 | .267 |
Marital statusd,e (%) | |||
Married/living together | 91.8 | – | – |
Single/separated/widow | 8.0 | – | – |
Number of childrene (%) | |||
1 | 17.7 | – | – |
2 | 56.5 | – | – |
≥3 | 25.8 | – | – |
All participants N = 1421 | CC N = 287 | No CC N = 1134 |
p
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
Thermometer score | ||||
Clinical (%) | 41.2 | 53.0 | 38.2 | <.0001
|
Mean (SD) | 3.4 (2.7) | 4.2 (2.9) | 3.2 (2.7) | <.0001
|
Median (range) | 3 (0–10) | 4 (0–10) | 2 (0–10) | <.0001
|
Total problem scores, medians (range) | ||||
Total of 5 problem domains | 4 (0–28) | 5 (0–26) | 3 (0–28) | <.0001
|
Total with <2 years parenting | 5a (0–27) | 9c (1–21) | 5e (0–27) | .028
|
Total with ≥2 years parenting | 4b (0–33) | 5d (0–28) | 3f (0–33) | <.0001
|
Practical problems, median (range) | 1 (0–7) | 1 (0–6) | 0 (0–7) | .001
|
Housing (%) | 5.0 | 5.9 | 4.8 | .420 |
Work/study (%) | 24.8 | 21.6 | 25.6 | .164 |
Finances/insurance (%) | 16.5 | 19.5 | 15.8 | .129 |
Housekeeping (%) | 20.1 | 29.3 | 17.7 | <.0001
|
Transport (%) | 5.1 | 8.0 | 4.3 | .011
|
Child care/child supervision (%) | 9.7 | 15.7 | 8.2 | <.0001
|
Leisure activities/relaxing (%) | 21.3 | 28.9 | 19.3 | <.0001
|
Social problems, median (range) | 0 (0–4) | 0 (0–4) | 0 (0–4) | <.0001
|
Dealing with (ex)partner (%) | 13.3 | 18.1 | 12.1 | .007
|
Dealing with family (%) | 9.6 | 11.1 | 9.2 | .309 |
Dealing with friends (%) | 3.0 | 3.8 | 2.8 | .372 |
Interacting with your child(ren) (%) | 12.3 | 20.9 | 10.1 | <.0001
|
Emotional problems, median (range) | 1 (0–9) | 1 (0–9) | 1 (0–9) | .001
|
Controlling emotions (%) | 22.2 | 26.8 | 21.1 | .036
|
Self-confidence (%) | 19.8 | 24.4 | 18.6 | .028
|
Fears (%) | 9.4 | 11.1 | 9.0 | .264 |
Depression (%) | 29.8 | 37.3 | 28.0 | .002
|
Feeling tense or nervous (%) | 33.7 | 40.1 | 32.1 | .011
|
Loneliness (%) | 7.3 | 12.2 | 6.1 | <.0001
|
Feelings of guilt (%) | 13.8 | 15.7 | 13.3 | .300 |
Use of substances (e.g., alcohol, drugs and/or medication) (%) | 3.0 | 3.5 | 2.8 | .554 |
Intrusive/recurrent thoughts about a specific event (%) | 19.1 | 24.4 | 17.7 | .010
|
Physical problems, median (range) | 1 (0–7) | 2 (0–7) | 1 (0–7) | <.0001
|
Eating (%) | 10.1 | 13.2 | 9.3 | .045
|
Weight (%) | 23.8 | 29.6 | 22.3 | .009
|
Sleep (%) | 26.9 | 29.3 | 26.3 | .307 |
Fatigue (%) | 52.1 | 56.8 | 51.0 | .078 |
Out of shape/condition (%) | 22.4 | 31.7 | 20.1 | <.0001
|
Pain (%) | 23.9 | 32.4 | 21.8 | <.0001
|
Sexuality (%) | 10.3 | 11.8 | 9.9 | .326 |
Cognitive problems, median (range) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | <.0001
|
Concentration (%) | 17.2 | 25.1 | 15.2 | <.0001
|
Memory (%) | 21.4 | 31.7 | 18.8 | <.0001
|
Parenting problems <2 years, median (range) | 0a (0–6) | 0c (0–4) | 0e (0–6) | .544 |
Feeling connected with your child (%) | 1.9 | 3.7 | 1.6 | .451 |
Caring for your child (%) | 2.8 | 3.7 | 2.7 | .762 |
Feeding your child (%) | 12.6 | 7.4 | 13.4 | .383 |
Development of your child (%) | 6.5 | 11.1 | 5.9 | .304 |
Following advice about treatment/giving medication (%) | 2.3 | 3.7 | 2.1 | .615 |
Your child’s sleeping (%) | 23.4 | 25.9 | 23.0 | .737 |
Behavior/crying of your child (%) | 17.3 | 18.5 | 17.1 | .857 |
Parenting problems ≥2 years, median (range) | 0b (0–5) | 0d (0–5) | 0f (0–5) | <.0001
|
Dealing with your child (%) | 12.0 | 17.4 | 10.5 | .002
|
Dealing with the feelings of your child (%) | 11.6 | 20.2 | 9.2 | <.0001
|
Talking about the disease/consequences with your child* (%) | 4.1 | 8.1 | 2.9 | <.0001
|
Independence of your child (%) | 9.1 | 14.3 | 7.6 | .001
|
Following advice about treatment/giving medication (%) | 4.8 | 10.5 | 3.3 | <.0001
|
Additional questions | ||||
Enough support from surroundings (%) | 90.2 | 80.8 | 92.6 | <.0001
|
People react with a lack of understanding (%) | 13.4 | 23.7 | 10.8 | <.0001
|
Do you have a (chronic) illness yourself (%) | 21.4 | 35.9 | 17.7 | <.0001
|
Would like to talk to a professional about situation—yes/maybe (%) | 16.7 | 22.3 | 15.3 | .004
|