Skip to main content
Top

2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

26. Economic Elites

Author : Michael Hartmann

Published in: The Palgrave Handbook of Political Elites

Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan UK

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The economic elite has been seen by some researchers as the most dominant of the sectoral elites while being vigorously rejected as such by others. Nonetheless, there is a general consensus that the economic elite is one of the central elites. Four types of economic elite formation can be identified: the French type, the Japanese type, the British/US type and the German type. They differ with regard to the importance of elite universities and the extent of cross-sectoral mobility. However, a transnational or global business elite is difficult to discern and many researchers deny that such an elite exists. Research has shown, for example, that of the CEOs of the 1000 biggest companies of the world, only one in eight is a foreigner and three out of four have never stayed abroad for more than six months. Connections between economic and explicitly political elites clearly differ from country to country.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
go back to reference Bauer, M., & Bertin-Mourot, B. (1996). Vers un modèle Européen de dirigeants? Comparaison Allemagne/France/Grande Bretagne. Paris: C.N.R.S. et Boyden Executive Search. Bauer, M., & Bertin-Mourot, B. (1996). Vers un modèle Européen de dirigeants? Comparaison Allemagne/France/Grande Bretagne. Paris: C.N.R.S. et Boyden Executive Search.
go back to reference Beekenkamp, G. G. (2002). President-directeuren, posities en patronen. Amsterdam: aksant. Beekenkamp, G. G. (2002). President-directeuren, posities en patronen. Amsterdam: aksant.
go back to reference Bourdieu, P. (1986). The (Three) Forms of Capital. In J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research in the Sociology of Education (pp. 241–258). New York/London: Greenwood Press. Bourdieu, P. (1986). The (Three) Forms of Capital. In J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research in the Sociology of Education (pp. 241–258). New York/London: Greenwood Press.
go back to reference Bourdieu, P. (1996). The State Nobility. Elite Schools in the Field of Power. Cambridge, MA: Polity Press. Bourdieu, P. (1996). The State Nobility. Elite Schools in the Field of Power. Cambridge, MA: Polity Press.
go back to reference Bourdieu, P., & de Saint Martin, M. (1978). Le patronat. Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, 20(21), 2–82.CrossRef Bourdieu, P., & de Saint Martin, M. (1978). Le patronat. Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, 20(21), 2–82.CrossRef
go back to reference Bühlmann, F., David, T., & Mach, A. (2012). The Swiss Business Elite (1980–2000): How the Changing Composition of the Elite Explains the Decline of the Swiss Company Network. Economy and Society, 41, 199–226.CrossRef Bühlmann, F., David, T., & Mach, A. (2012). The Swiss Business Elite (1980–2000): How the Changing Composition of the Elite Explains the Decline of the Swiss Company Network. Economy and Society, 41, 199–226.CrossRef
go back to reference Bühlmann, F., Davoine, E., & Ravasi, C. (2017). European Top Management Careers: A Field Analytical Approach. European Societies, 18, (forthcoming). Bühlmann, F., Davoine, E., & Ravasi, C. (2017). European Top Management Careers: A Field Analytical Approach. European Societies, 18, (forthcoming).
go back to reference Carroll, W. K. (2009). Transnationalists and National Networkers in the Global Corporate Elite. Global Networks, 9, 289–314.CrossRef Carroll, W. K. (2009). Transnationalists and National Networkers in the Global Corporate Elite. Global Networks, 9, 289–314.CrossRef
go back to reference Carroll, W. K. (2010). The Making of a Transnational Capitalist Class. Corporate Power in the Twenty-First Century. London/New York: Zed Books. Carroll, W. K. (2010). The Making of a Transnational Capitalist Class. Corporate Power in the Twenty-First Century. London/New York: Zed Books.
go back to reference Colignon, R. A., & Usui, C. (2003). Amakudari. The Hidden Fabric of Japan’s Economy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Colignon, R. A., & Usui, C. (2003). Amakudari. The Hidden Fabric of Japan’s Economy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
go back to reference Cronin, B. (2012). National and Transnational Structuring of the British Corporate Elite. In G. Murray & J. Scott (Eds.), Financial Elites and Transnational Business: Who Rules the World? (pp. 177–192). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Cronin, B. (2012). National and Transnational Structuring of the British Corporate Elite. In G. Murray & J. Scott (Eds.), Financial Elites and Transnational Business: Who Rules the World? (pp. 177–192). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
go back to reference Dahl, R. (1961). Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City. New Haven: Yale University Press. Dahl, R. (1961). Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City. New Haven: Yale University Press.
go back to reference Davoine, E., & Ravasi, C. (2013). The Relative Stability of National Career Patterns in European Top Management Careers in the Age of Globalization. A Comparative Study in France/Germany/Great Britain and Switzerland. European Management Journal, 31, 152–163.CrossRef Davoine, E., & Ravasi, C. (2013). The Relative Stability of National Career Patterns in European Top Management Careers in the Age of Globalization. A Comparative Study in France/Germany/Great Britain and Switzerland. European Management Journal, 31, 152–163.CrossRef
go back to reference Domhoff, W. (2013). Who Rules America? The Triumph of the Corporate Rich (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Domhoff, W. (2013). Who Rules America? The Triumph of the Corporate Rich (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
go back to reference Dudouet, F.-X., Gremont, E., & Vion, A. (2012). Transnational Business Networks in the Euro-Zone: A Focus on Four Major Stock Exchange Indices. In G. Murray & J. Scott (Eds.), Financial Elites and Transnational Business. Who Rules the World? (pp. 124–145). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Dudouet, F.-X., Gremont, E., & Vion, A. (2012). Transnational Business Networks in the Euro-Zone: A Focus on Four Major Stock Exchange Indices. In G. Murray & J. Scott (Eds.), Financial Elites and Transnational Business. Who Rules the World? (pp. 124–145). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
go back to reference Ellersgard, C. H., Larsen, A. G., & Munk, M. D. (2013). A Very Economic Elite: The Case of the Danish Top CEOs. Sociology, 47, 1051–1071.CrossRef Ellersgard, C. H., Larsen, A. G., & Munk, M. D. (2013). A Very Economic Elite: The Case of the Danish Top CEOs. Sociology, 47, 1051–1071.CrossRef
go back to reference Freeland, C. (2012). Plutocrats: The Rise of the New Global Super-Rich and the Fall of Everyone Else. London: Allen Lane. Freeland, C. (2012). Plutocrats: The Rise of the New Global Super-Rich and the Fall of Everyone Else. London: Allen Lane.
go back to reference Giddens, A., & Stanworth, P. (1974). An Economic Elite: A Demographic Profile of Company Chairmen. In S. Philip & A. Giddens (Eds.), Elites and Power in British Society (pp. 81–101). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. Giddens, A., & Stanworth, P. (1974). An Economic Elite: A Demographic Profile of Company Chairmen. In S. Philip & A. Giddens (Eds.), Elites and Power in British Society (pp. 81–101). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
go back to reference Hartmann, M. (1996). Topmanager – Die Rekrutierung einer Elite. Campus: Frankfurt. Hartmann, M. (1996). Topmanager – Die Rekrutierung einer Elite. Campus: Frankfurt.
go back to reference Hartmann, M. (1999). Auf dem Weg zu einer transnationalen Bourgeoisie? Leviathan, 27, 113–141. Hartmann, M. (1999). Auf dem Weg zu einer transnationalen Bourgeoisie? Leviathan, 27, 113–141.
go back to reference Hartmann, M. (2000). Class-Specific Habitus and the Social Reproduction of the Business Elite in Germany and France. The Sociological Review, 48, 241–261.CrossRef Hartmann, M. (2000). Class-Specific Habitus and the Social Reproduction of the Business Elite in Germany and France. The Sociological Review, 48, 241–261.CrossRef
go back to reference Hartmann, M. (2002). Der Mythos von den Leistungseliten. In Spitzenkarrieren und soziale Herkunft in Wirtschaft, Politik, Justiz und Wissenschaft. Frankfurt: Campus. Hartmann, M. (2002). Der Mythos von den Leistungseliten. In Spitzenkarrieren und soziale Herkunft in Wirtschaft, Politik, Justiz und Wissenschaft. Frankfurt: Campus.
go back to reference Hartmann, M. (2007a). The Sociology of Elites. London: Routledge. Hartmann, M. (2007a). The Sociology of Elites. London: Routledge.
go back to reference Hartmann, M. (2007b). Eliten und Macht in Europa. Campus: Frankfurt. Hartmann, M. (2007b). Eliten und Macht in Europa. Campus: Frankfurt.
go back to reference Hartmann, M. (2009). Die transnationale Klasse – Mythos oder Realität? Soziale Welt, 60, 285–303.CrossRef Hartmann, M. (2009). Die transnationale Klasse – Mythos oder Realität? Soziale Welt, 60, 285–303.CrossRef
go back to reference Hartmann, M. (2010). Elites and Power Structure. In S. Immerfall & G. Therborn (Eds.), Handbook of European Societies (pp. 291–323). New York: Springer.CrossRef Hartmann, M. (2010). Elites and Power Structure. In S. Immerfall & G. Therborn (Eds.), Handbook of European Societies (pp. 291–323). New York: Springer.CrossRef
go back to reference Hartmann, M. (2013). Soziale Ungleichheit – Kein Thema für die Eliten? Campus: Frankfurt. Hartmann, M. (2013). Soziale Ungleichheit – Kein Thema für die Eliten? Campus: Frankfurt.
go back to reference Hartmann, M. (2015). Topmanager 2015. Die transnationale Klasse – Mythos oder Realität revisited. Soziale Welt, 66, 37–53.CrossRef Hartmann, M. (2015). Topmanager 2015. Die transnationale Klasse – Mythos oder Realität revisited. Soziale Welt, 66, 37–53.CrossRef
go back to reference Hartmann, M. (2016). Die globale Wirtschaftselite – eine Legende. Frankfurt: Campus. (forthcoming). Hartmann, M. (2016). Die globale Wirtschaftselite – eine Legende. Frankfurt: Campus. (forthcoming).
go back to reference Heemskerk, E. M. (2013). The Rise of the European Corporate Elite: Evidence from the Network of Interlocking Directorates in 2005 and 2010. Economy and Society, 42, 74–101.CrossRef Heemskerk, E. M. (2013). The Rise of the European Corporate Elite: Evidence from the Network of Interlocking Directorates in 2005 and 2010. Economy and Society, 42, 74–101.CrossRef
go back to reference Hoffmann-Lange, U. (1992). Eliten, Macht und Konflikt. Opladen: Leske + Budrich.CrossRef Hoffmann-Lange, U. (1992). Eliten, Macht und Konflikt. Opladen: Leske + Budrich.CrossRef
go back to reference Ishida, H. (1993). Social Mobility in Contemporary Japan. Basingstoke: Macmillan.CrossRef Ishida, H. (1993). Social Mobility in Contemporary Japan. Basingstoke: Macmillan.CrossRef
go back to reference Keller, S. (1963). Beyond the Ruling Class. Strategic Elites in Modern Society. New York: Random House. Keller, S. (1963). Beyond the Ruling Class. Strategic Elites in Modern Society. New York: Random House.
go back to reference Korom, P. (2013). Die Wirtschaftseliten Österreichs. Konstanz: UVK. Korom, P. (2013). Die Wirtschaftseliten Österreichs. Konstanz: UVK.
go back to reference Larsen, A. G., Ellersgaard, C. H., & Bernsen, M. (2015). Magteliten. Kǿbenhavn: Politikens Forlag. Larsen, A. G., Ellersgaard, C. H., & Bernsen, M. (2015). Magteliten. Kǿbenhavn: Politikens Forlag.
go back to reference MacLean, M., & Harvey, C. (2014). Elite Connectivity and Concerted Action in French Organization. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 22, 449–469.CrossRef MacLean, M., & Harvey, C. (2014). Elite Connectivity and Concerted Action in French Organization. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 22, 449–469.CrossRef
go back to reference MacLean, M., Harvey, C., & Chia, R. (2010). Dominant Corporate Agents and the Power Elite in France and Britain. Organization Studies, 31(3), 327–348.CrossRef MacLean, M., Harvey, C., & Chia, R. (2010). Dominant Corporate Agents and the Power Elite in France and Britain. Organization Studies, 31(3), 327–348.CrossRef
go back to reference MacLean, M., Harvey, C., & Kling, G. (2014). Pathways to Power: Hyper-Agency and the French Corporate Elite. Organization Studies, 35, 825–855.CrossRef MacLean, M., Harvey, C., & Kling, G. (2014). Pathways to Power: Hyper-Agency and the French Corporate Elite. Organization Studies, 35, 825–855.CrossRef
go back to reference MacLean, M., Harvey, C., & Press, J. (2006). Business Elites and Corporate Governance in France and the UK. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRef MacLean, M., Harvey, C., & Press, J. (2006). Business Elites and Corporate Governance in France and the UK. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRef
go back to reference Mills, C. W. (1956). The Power Elite. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mills, C. W. (1956). The Power Elite. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Pohlmann, M. (2009). Globale ökonomische Eliten – Eine Globalisierungsthese auf dem Prüfstand der Empirie. Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, 61, 513–534.CrossRef Pohlmann, M. (2009). Globale ökonomische Eliten – Eine Globalisierungsthese auf dem Prüfstand der Empirie. Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, 61, 513–534.CrossRef
go back to reference Rothacher, A. (1993). The Japanese Power Elite. New York: St. Martin’s Press.CrossRef Rothacher, A. (1993). The Japanese Power Elite. New York: St. Martin’s Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Rothböck, S., Sacchi, S., & Buchmann, M. (1999). Die Rekrutierung der politischen, wirtschaftlichen und wissenschaftlichen Eliten in der Schweiz. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 25, 459–496. Rothböck, S., Sacchi, S., & Buchmann, M. (1999). Die Rekrutierung der politischen, wirtschaftlichen und wissenschaftlichen Eliten in der Schweiz. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 25, 459–496.
go back to reference Rothkopf, D. J. (2008). Superclass. The Global Power Elite and the World They Are Making. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Rothkopf, D. J. (2008). Superclass. The Global Power Elite and the World They Are Making. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
go back to reference Rouban, P. (2014). La Norme et L’Institution: Les Mutations Professionelles des Ènarques de 1970 à 2010. Revue francaise d'administration publique, No. 151–152, 719–740. Rouban, P. (2014). La Norme et L’Institution: Les Mutations Professionelles des Ènarques de 1970 à 2010. Revue francaise d'administration publique, No. 151–152, 719–740.
go back to reference Schimpfoessl, E. (2014). Russia’s Social Upper Class: From Ostentation to Culturedness. The British Journal of Sociology, 65, 63–81.CrossRef Schimpfoessl, E. (2014). Russia’s Social Upper Class: From Ostentation to Culturedness. The British Journal of Sociology, 65, 63–81.CrossRef
go back to reference Schmid, S., Wurster, D. J., & Dauth, T. (2015). Internationalisation of Upper Echelons in Different Institutional Contexts: Top Managers in Germany and the UK. European Journal of International Management, 9, 510–535.CrossRef Schmid, S., Wurster, D. J., & Dauth, T. (2015). Internationalisation of Upper Echelons in Different Institutional Contexts: Top Managers in Germany and the UK. European Journal of International Management, 9, 510–535.CrossRef
go back to reference Schmidt, C. (2005). Japans Zirkel der Macht. Marburg: Tectum Verlag. Schmidt, C. (2005). Japans Zirkel der Macht. Marburg: Tectum Verlag.
go back to reference Schneickert, C. (2015). Nationale Machtfelder und globalisierte Eliten. Konstanz: UVK. Schneickert, C. (2015). Nationale Machtfelder und globalisierte Eliten. Konstanz: UVK.
go back to reference Sklair, L. (2001). The Transnational Capitalist Class. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. Sklair, L. (2001). The Transnational Capitalist Class. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
go back to reference Staples, C. L. (2006). Board Interlocks and the Study of the Transnational Capitalist Class. Journal of World-System Research, 12, 309–319.CrossRef Staples, C. L. (2006). Board Interlocks and the Study of the Transnational Capitalist Class. Journal of World-System Research, 12, 309–319.CrossRef
go back to reference Staples, C. L. (2008). Cross Boarder Acquisitions and Board Globalization in the World’s Largest TNCS, 1995–2005. The Sociological Quarterly, 49, 31–51.CrossRef Staples, C. L. (2008). Cross Boarder Acquisitions and Board Globalization in the World’s Largest TNCS, 1995–2005. The Sociological Quarterly, 49, 31–51.CrossRef
go back to reference Timans, R. (2015). Studying the Dutch Business Elite. Diss. Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam. Timans, R. (2015). Studying the Dutch Business Elite. Diss. Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam.
go back to reference van Veen, K., & Elbertsen, J. (2008). Governance Regimes and Nationality Diversity in Corporate Boards. A Comparative Study of Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 16, 386–399.CrossRef van Veen, K., & Elbertsen, J. (2008). Governance Regimes and Nationality Diversity in Corporate Boards. A Comparative Study of Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 16, 386–399.CrossRef
go back to reference van Veen, K., & Kratzer, J. (2011). National and International Interlocking Directorates Within Europe: Corporate Networks Within and Among Fifteen European Countries. Economy and Society, 40, 1–25.CrossRef van Veen, K., & Kratzer, J. (2011). National and International Interlocking Directorates Within Europe: Corporate Networks Within and Among Fifteen European Countries. Economy and Society, 40, 1–25.CrossRef
go back to reference van Veen, K., & Marsman, I. (2008). How International Are Executive Boards of European MNCs? Nationality Diversity in 15 European Countries. European Management Journal, 26, 188–198.CrossRef van Veen, K., & Marsman, I. (2008). How International Are Executive Boards of European MNCs? Nationality Diversity in 15 European Countries. European Management Journal, 26, 188–198.CrossRef
go back to reference Watanabe, M., & Schmidt, C. (2004). Die wirtschaftliche Elite Japans – Rekrutierungsmuster und Netzwerkbeziehungen. JAPAN aktuell, 1, 56–66. Watanabe, M., & Schmidt, C. (2004). Die wirtschaftliche Elite Japans – Rekrutierungsmuster und Netzwerkbeziehungen. JAPAN aktuell, 1, 56–66.
go back to reference Whitley, R. (1974). The City and Industry: The Directors of Large Companies, Their Characteristics and Connections. In S. Philip & A. Giddens (Eds.), Elites and Power in British Society (pp. 65–80). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Whitley, R. (1974). The City and Industry: The Directors of Large Companies, Their Characteristics and Connections. In S. Philip & A. Giddens (Eds.), Elites and Power in British Society (pp. 65–80). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
go back to reference Yoo, T., & Lee, S. H. (2009). In Search of Social Capital in State-Activist Capitalism: Elite Networks in France and Korea. Organization Studies, 30(5), 29–54.CrossRef Yoo, T., & Lee, S. H. (2009). In Search of Social Capital in State-Activist Capitalism: Elite Networks in France and Korea. Organization Studies, 30(5), 29–54.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Economic Elites
Author
Michael Hartmann
Copyright Year
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51904-7_26