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Journal of Polymer Research

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01-12-2023 | Original Paper

Effectively improving flame retardancy levels of finished cotton fabrics only by simple binary silicon-boron oxide sols

Authors: Chang Zhou, Songtao Zhou, Fei You, Zhenhua Wang, Dan Li, Gang Li, Xuefeng Zhang, Yu Pan, Junqi Wang, Jing Ma

Published in: Journal of Polymer Research | Issue 12/2023

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Abstract

This work aims to improve the thermal stability and flame retardancy of cotton fabrics treated just by a single SiO₂, a single B₂O₃ and their binary composite sol–gel systems. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and tributyl borate were used as precursors. The sols were coated onto cotton fabrics via dipping-baking processes. Techniques including Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning test (VBT) were used to investigate the surface functional groups, elemental compositions, crystal structures, surface morphologies, elemental contents, thermal stability and flame retardancy levels of original and sols-treated cotton fabrics, respectively. The results show that the sols converted gel coatings are successfully deposited on the cotton fabric surfaces. SiO₂-B₂O₃ sol finishing cotton fabric shows the best flame retardancy. It shows the highest char residue rate (43.82%), the highest LOI (25.7%) and ΔLOI/Δm (7.0%/g), the lowest after-flame time (10.0 s) and after-glow time (0.0 s without a smoldering process), a relatively complete and continuous char residue after a VBT. The SiO₂ and B₂O₃ sol–gel systems play more synergistic effects than competitive effects in flame retarding a cotton fabric. A SiO₂ gel shows effects of a high melting point, a structural support and dimensional stability, while a B₂O₃ gel shows a fusing capability and a longer pyrolysis process.

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Title: Effectively improving flame retardancy levels of finished cotton fabrics only by simple binary silicon-boron oxide sols
Authors: Chang Zhou
Songtao Zhou
Fei You
Zhenhua Wang
Dan Li
Gang Li
Xuefeng Zhang
Yu Pan
Junqi Wang
Jing Ma
Publication date: 01-12-2023
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Published in: Journal of Polymer Research / Issue 12/2023
Print ISSN: 1022-9760
Electronic ISSN: 1572-8935
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-023-03812-5

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