Introduction
Literature review
Method
Simulation models
Disease transmission model
SydneyGMA
Control strategies
Control strategy | Implementation approach | Effect on virus spread |
---|---|---|
Facemask use out of home (FMOH) | Randomly select a population (based on the FMOH rates) representing those who wear a facemask | For the individuals, the infection rate in their contacts is reduced by 67% |
Vaccination rate (VR) | Randomly select population (based on the VR rates) representing the vaccinated individuals | For the vaccinated individuals, the infection rate in their contacts is reduced by 90% |
Travel load (TL) | Change the trip generation rates based on the TL rates | Fewer trips are generated |
Social distancing (SD) | Adjust the contact rates at different activities based on the SD rates | The number of infections in the contacts is reduced |
Evaluation metrics
Statistical analysis
Control strategy (independent variable) | Statistics | Value | F | Sig. |
---|---|---|---|---|
FMOH | Pillai’s Trace | 3.110 | 98.428 | 0.000 |
Wilks’ Lambda | 0.000 | 545.985 | 0.000 | |
VR | Pillai’s Trace | 3.401 | 127.306 | 0.000 |
Wilks’ Lambda | 0.000 | 1033.894 | 0.000 | |
TL | Pillai’s Trace | 2.835 | 145.271 | 0.000 |
Wilks’ Lambda | 0.000 | 605.894 | 0.000 |
Results
Isolated impact of each control strategy on evaluation metrics
Independent variable | Levels of independent variables | Total infection (TI) | Percent of reduction (PoR) | Virus elimination (VE) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean difference (I–J) | 95% Confidence interval | Mean Difference (I–J) | 95% Confidence Interval | Mean difference (I–J) | 95% confidence interval | ||||||
Level I (%) | Level J (%) | Lower bound | Upper bound | Lower bound | Upper bound | Lower bound | Upper bound | ||||
Vaccination Rate | 0 | 20 | 8.33E+05* | 7.84E+05 | 8.81E+05 | − 14.0* | − 14.5 | − 13.4 | − 27.2* | − 35.2 | − 19.2 |
40 | 1.59E+06* | 1.54E+06 | 1.64E+06 | − 26.7* | − 27.3 | − 26.2 | − 48.3* | − 56.3 | − 40.3 | ||
60 | 2.21E+06* | 2.16E+06 | 2.26E+06 | − 37.1* | − 37.7 | − 36.6 | − 6.1 | − 14.1 | 1.9 | ||
80 | 2.50E+06* | 2.45E+06 | 2.55E+06 | − 42.0* | − 42.5 | − 41.4 | 112.4* | 104.4 | 120.4 | ||
100 | 2.51E+06* | 2.46E+06 | 2.56E+06 | − 42.1* | − 42.7 | − 41.6 | 181.4* | 173.4 | 189.4 | ||
20 | 0 | − 8.33E+05* | − 8.81E+05 | − 7.84E+05 | 14.0* | 13.4 | 14.5 | 27.2* | 19.2 | 35.2 | |
40 | 7.59E+05* | 7.10E+05 | 8.07E+05 | − 12.7* | − 13.3 | − 12.2 | − 21.1* | − 29.1 | − 13.1 | ||
60 | 1.38E+06* | 1.33E+06 | 1.43E+06 | − 23.2* | − 23.7 | − 22.6 | 21.1* | 13.1 | 29.1 | ||
80 | 1.67E+06* | 1.62E+06 | 1.72E+06 | − 28.0* | − 28.5 | − 27.5 | 139.6* | 131.6 | 147.6 | ||
100 | 1.68E+06* | 1.63E+06 | 1.72E+06 | − 28.1* | − 28.7 | − 27.6 | 208.6* | 200.6 | 216.6 | ||
40 | 0 | − 1.59E+06* | − 1.64E+06 | − 1.54E+06 | 26.7* | 26.2 | 27.3 | 48.3* | 40.3 | 56.3 | |
20 | − 7.59E+05* | − 8.07E+05 | − 7.10E+05 | 12.7* | 12.2 | 13.3 | 21.1* | 13.1 | 29.1 | ||
60 | 6.20E+05* | 5.72E+05 | 6.69E+05 | − 10.4* | − 11.0 | − 9.9 | 42.2* | 34.2 | 50.2 | ||
80 | 9.08E+05* | 8.60E+05 | 9.57E+05 | − 15.3* | − 15.8 | − 14.7 | 160.7* | 152.7 | 168.7 | ||
100 | 9.17E+05* | 8.69E+05 | 9.65E+05 | − 15.4* | − 15.9 | − 14.9 | 229.8* | 221.8 | 237.8 | ||
60 | 0 | − 2.21E+06* | − 2.26E+06 | − 2.16E+06 | 37.1* | 36.6 | 37.7 | 6.1 | − 1.9 | 14.1 | |
20 | − 1.38E+06* | − 1.43E+06 | − 1.33E+06 | 23.2* | 22.6 | 23.7 | − 21.1* | − 29.1 | − 13.1 | ||
40 | − 6.20E+05* | − 6.69E+05 | − 5.72E+05 | 10.4* | 9.9 | 11.0 | − 42.2* | − 50.2 | − 34.2 | ||
80 | 2.88E+05* | 2.40E+05 | 3.36E+05 | − 4.8* | − 5.4 | − 4.3 | 118.5* | 110.5 | 126.5 | ||
100 | 2.97E+05* | 2.49E+05 | 3.45E+05 | − 5.0* | − 5.5 | − 4.4 | 187.6* | 179.6 | 195.6 | ||
80 | 0 | − 2.50E+06* | − 2.55E+06 | − 2.45E+06 | 42.0* | 41.4 | 42.5 | − 112.4* | − 120.4 | − 104.4 | |
20 | − 1.67E+06* | − 1.72E+06 | − 1.62E+06 | 28.0* | 27.5 | 28.5 | − 139.6* | − 147.6 | − 131.6 | ||
40 | − 9.08E+05* | − 9.57E+05 | − 8.60E+05 | 15.3* | 14.7 | 15.8 | − 160.7* | − 168.7 | − 152.7 | ||
60 | − 2.88E+05* | − 3.36E+05 | − 2.40E+05 | 4.8* | 4.3 | 5.4 | − 118.5* | − 126.5 | − 110.5 | ||
100 | 8.94E+03 | − 3.94E+04 | 5.73E+04 | − 0.2 | − 0.7 | 0.4 | 69.1* | 61.1 | 77.1 | ||
100 | 0 | − 2.51E+06* | − 2.56E+06 | − 2.46E+06 | 42.1* | 41.6 | 42.7 | − 181.4* | − 189.4 | − 173.4 | |
20 | − 1.68E+06* | − 1.72E+06 | − 1.63E+06 | 28.1* | 27.6 | 28.7 | − 208.6* | − 216.6 | − 200.6 | ||
40 | − 9.17E+05* | − 9.65E+05 | − 8.69E+05 | 15.4* | 14.9 | 15.9 | − 229.8* | − 237.8 | − 221.8 | ||
60 | − 2.97E+05* | − 3.45E+05 | − 2.49E+05 | 5.0* | 4.4 | 5.5 | − 187.6* | − 195.6 | − 179.6 | ||
80 | − 8.94E+03 | − 5.73E+04 | 3.94E+04 | 0.2 | − 0.4 | 0.7 | − 69.1* | − 77.1 | − 61.1 | ||
Proportion of people wearing facemask out of home | 0 | 20 | 4.16E+05* | 3.67E+05 | 4.64E+05 | − 7.0* | − 7.5 | − 6.4 | − 14.5* | − 22.5 | − 6.5 |
40 | 8.76E+05* | 8.27E+05 | 9.24E+05 | − 14.7* | − 15.3 | − 14.2 | 6.6 | − 1.4 | 14.6 | ||
60 | 1.41E+06* | 1.36E+06 | 1.46E+06 | − 23.6* | − 24.2 | − 23.1 | 38.6* | 30.6 | 46.6 | ||
80 | 1.86E+06* | 1.82E+06 | 1.91E+06 | − 31.3* | − 31.9 | − 30.8 | 116.2* | 108.2 | 124.2 | ||
100 | 1.99E+06* | 1.95E+06 | 2.04E+06 | − 33.5* | − 34.0 | − 33.0 | 198.4* | 190.4 | 206.4 | ||
20 | 0 | − 4.16E+05* | − 4.64E+05 | − 3.67E+05 | 7.0* | 6.4 | 7.5 | 14.5* | 6.5 | 22.5 | |
40 | 4.60E+05* | 4.12E+05 | 5.08E+05 | − 7.7* | − 8.3 | − 7.2 | 21.2* | 13.2 | 29.2 | ||
60 | 9.91E+05* | 9.43E+05 | 1.04E+06 | − 16.6* | − 17.2 | − 16.1 | 53.2* | 45.2 | 61.2 | ||
80 | 1.45E+06* | 1.40E+06 | 1.50E+06 | − 24.3* | − 24.9 | − 23.8 | 130.7* | 122.7 | 138.7 | ||
100 | 1.58E+06* | 1.53E+06 | 1.63E+06 | − 26.5* | − 27.0 | − 26.0 | 212.9* | 204.9 | 220.9 | ||
40 | 0 | − 8.76E+05* | − 9.24E+05 | − 8.27E+05 | 14.7* | 14.2 | 15.3 | − 6.6 | − 14.6 | 1.4 | |
20 | − 4.60E+05* | − 5.08E+05 | − 4.12E+05 | 7.7* | 7.2 | 8.3 | − 21.2* | − 29.2 | − 13.2 | ||
60 | 5.32E+05* | 4.83E+05 | 5.80E+05 | − 8.9* | − 9.5 | − 8.4 | 32.0* | 24.0 | 40.0 | ||
80 | 9.89E+05* | 9.41E+05 | 1.04E+06 | − 16.6* | − 17.1 | − 16.1 | 109.6* | 101.6 | 117.6 | ||
100 | 1.12E+06* | 1.07E+06 | 1.17E+06 | − 18.8* | − 19.3 | − 18.2 | 191.8* | 183.8 | 199.8 | ||
60 | 0 | − 1.41E+06* | − 1.46E+06 | − 1.36E+06 | 23.6* | 23.1 | 24.2 | − 38.6* | − 46.6 | − 30.6 | |
20 | − 9.91E+05* | − 1.04E+06 | − 9.43E+05 | 16.6* | 16.1 | 17.2 | − 53.2* | − 61.2 | − 45.2 | ||
40 | − 5.32E+05* | − 5.80E+05 | − 4.83E+05 | 8.9* | 8.4 | 9.5 | − 32.0* | − 40.0 | − 24.0 | ||
80 | 4.57E+05* | 4.09E+05 | 5.06E+05 | − 7.7* | − 8.2 | − 7.1 | 77.6* | 69.6 | 85.6 | ||
100 | 5.87E+05* | 5.38E+05 | 6.35E+05 | − 9.9* | − 10.4 | − 9.3 | 159.8* | 151.8 | 167.8 | ||
80 | 0 | − 1.86E+06* | − 1.91E+06 | − 1.82E+06 | 31.3* | 30.8 | 31.9 | − 116.2* | − 124.2 | − 108.2 | |
20 | − 1.45E+06* | − 1.50E+06 | − 1.40E+06 | 24.3* | 23.8 | 24.9 | − 130.7* | − 138.7 | − 122.7 | ||
40 | − 9.89E+05* | − 1.04E+06 | − 9.41E+05 | 16.6* | 16.1 | 17.1 | − 109.6* | − 117.6 | − 101.6 | ||
60 | − 4.57E+05* | − 5.06E+05 | − 4.09E+05 | 7.7* | 7.1 | 8.2 | − 77.6* | − 85.6 | − 69.6 | ||
100 | 1.29E+05* | 8.09E+04 | 1.78E+05 | − 2.2* | − 2.7 | − 1.6 | 82.2* | 74.2 | 90.2 | ||
100 | 0 | − 1.99E+06* | − 2.04E+06 | − 1.95E+06 | 33.5* | 33.0 | 34.0 | − 198.4* | − 206.4 | − 190.4 | |
20 | − 1.58E+06* | − 1.63E+06 | − 1.53E+06 | 26.5* | 26.0 | 27.0 | − 212.9* | − 220.9 | − 204.9 | ||
40 | − 1.12E+06* | − 1.17E+06 | − 1.07E+06 | 18.8* | 18.2 | 19.3 | − 191.8* | − 199.8 | − 183.8 | ||
60 | − 5.87E+05* | − 6.35E+05 | − 5.38E+05 | 9.9* | 9.3 | 10.4 | − 159.8* | − 167.8 | − 151.8 | ||
80 | − 1.29E+05* | − 1.78E+05 | − 8.09E+04 | 2.2* | 1.6 | 2.7 | − 82.2* | − 90.2 | − 74.2 | ||
Demand Load | 20 | 40 | − 4.80E+05* | − 5.22E+05 | − 4.38E+05 | 8.1* | 7.6 | 8.5 | − 109.6* | − 116.6 | − 102.6 |
60 | − 9.46E+05* | − 9.89E+05 | − 9.04E+05 | 15.9* | 15.4 | 16.4 | − 121.5* | − 128.5 | − 114.5 | ||
80 | − 1.30E+06* | − 1.34E+06 | − 1.25E+06 | 21.8* | 21.3 | 22.3 | − 149.2* | − 156.2 | − 142.2 | ||
100 | − 1.58E+06* | − 1.62E+06 | − 1.54E+06 | 26.5* | 26.1 | 27.0 | − 150.1* | − 157.1 | − 143.1 | ||
40 | 20 | 4.80E+05* | 4.38E+05 | 5.22E+05 | − 8.1* | − 8.5 | − 7.6 | 109.6* | 102.6 | 116.6 | |
60 | − 4.66E+05* | − 5.09E+05 | − 4.24E+05 | 7.8* | 7.4 | 8.3 | − 11.9* | − 18.9 | − 4.9 | ||
80 | − 8.17E+05* | − 8.59E+05 | − 7.75E+05 | 13.7* | 13.2 | 14.2 | − 39.6* | − 46.6 | − 32.6 | ||
100 | − 1.10E+06* | − 1.14E+06 | − 1.06E+06 | 18.5* | 18.0 | 18.9 | − 40.5* | − 47.5 | − 33.5 | ||
60 | 20 | 9.46E+05* | 9.04E+05 | 9.89E+05 | − 15.9* | − 16.4 | − 15.4 | 121.5* | 114.5 | 128.5 | |
40 | 4.66E+05* | 4.24E+05 | 5.09E+05 | − 7.8* | − 8.3 | − 7.4 | 11.9* | 4.9 | 18.9 | ||
80 | − 3.51E+05* | − 3.93E+05 | − 3.08E+05 | 5.9* | 5.4 | 6.4 | − 27.7* | − 34.7 | − 20.7 | ||
100 | − 6.34E+05* | − 6.76E+05 | − 5.91E+05 | 10.6* | 10.2 | 11.1 | − 28.6* | − 35.6 | − 21.6 | ||
80 | 20 | 1.30E+06* | 1.25E+06 | 1.34E+06 | − 21.8* | − 22.3 | − 21.3 | 149.2* | 142.2 | 156.2 | |
40 | 8.17E+05* | 7.75E+05 | 8.59E+05 | − 13.7* | − 14.2 | − 13.2 | 39.6* | 32.6 | 46.6 | ||
60 | 3.51E+05* | 3.08E+05 | 3.93E+05 | − 5.9* | − 6.4 | − 5.4 | 27.7* | 20.7 | 34.7 | ||
100 | − 2.83E+05* | − 3.25E+05 | − 2.41E+05 | 4.8* | 4.3 | 5.2 | − 0.9 | − 7.9 | 6.1 | ||
100 | 20 | 1.58E+06* | 1.54E+06 | 1.62E+06 | − 26.5* | − 27.0 | − 26.1 | 150.1* | 143.1 | 157.1 | |
40 | 1.10E+06* | 1.06E+06 | 1.14E+06 | − 18.5* | − 18.9 | − 18.0 | 40.5* | 33.5 | 47.5 | ||
60 | 6.34E+05* | 5.91E+05 | 6.76E+05 | − 10.6* | − 11.1 | − 10.2 | 28.6* | 21.6 | 35.6 | ||
80 | 2.83E+05* | 2.41E+05 | 3.25E+05 | − 4.8* | − 5.2 | − 4.3 | 0.9 | − 6.1 | 7.9 |
Independent variable | Levels of independent variables | Number of active cases less than 500 (L-ACI) | Number of active cases between 500 and 12,000 (M-ACI) | Number of active cases above 12,000 (H-ACI) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean difference (I–J) | 95% Confidence interval | Mean difference (I–J) | 95% Confidence interval | Mean difference (I–J) | 95% Confidence interval | ||||||
Level I (%) | Level J (%) | Lower bound | Upper bound | Lower bound | Upper bound | Lower bound | Upper bound | ||||
Vaccination Rate | 0 | 20 | − 8.2* | − 12.0 | − 4.4 | − 25.2* | − 29.7 | − 20.8 | 7.9* | 5.6 | 10.3 |
40 | − 27.0* | − 30.8 | − 23.1 | − 37.9* | − 42.3 | − 33.4 | 18.6* | 16.3 | 21.0 | ||
60 | − 44.8* | − 48.6 | − 40.9 | 0.1 | − 4.3 | 4.6 | 38.9* | 36.5 | 41.2 | ||
80 | 5.0* | 1.1 | 8.8 | 32.0* | 27.5 | 36.4 | 75.3* | 73.0 | 77.7 | ||
100 | 42.8* | 39.0 | 46.7 | 62.1* | 57.7 | 66.6 | 75.3* | 73.0 | 77.7 | ||
20 | 0 | 8.2* | 4.4 | 12.0 | 25.2* | 20.8 | 29.7 | − 7.9* | − 10.3 | − 5.6 | |
40 | − 18.8* | − 22.6 | − 14.9 | − 12.6* | − 17.1 | − 8.2 | 10.7* | 8.4 | 13.0 | ||
60 | − 36.6* | − 40.4 | − 32.7 | 25.4* | 20.9 | 29.8 | 30.9* | 28.6 | 33.3 | ||
80 | 13.2* | 9.3 | 17.0 | 57.2* | 52.7 | 61.7 | 67.4* | 65.1 | 69.7 | ||
100 | 51.0* | 47.2 | 54.9 | 87.4* | 82.9 | 91.8 | 67.4* | 65.1 | 69.7 | ||
40 | 0 | 27.0* | 23.1 | 30.8 | 37.9* | 33.4 | 42.3 | − 18.6* | − 21.0 | − 16.3 | |
20 | 18.8* | 14.9 | 22.6 | 12.6* | 8.2 | 17.1 | − 10.7* | − 13.0 | − 8.4 | ||
60 | − 17.8* | − 21.6 | − 14.0 | 38.0* | 33.5 | 42.5 | 20.2* | 17.9 | 22.6 | ||
80 | 31.9* | 28.1 | 35.8 | 69.8* | 65.4 | 74.3 | 56.7* | 54.4 | 59.0 | ||
100 | 69.8* | 66.0 | 73.6 | 100.0* | 95.5 | 104.5 | 56.7* | 54.4 | 59.0 | ||
60 | 0 | 44.8* | 40.9 | 48.6 | − 0.1 | − 4.6 | 4.3 | − 38.9* | − 41.2 | − 36.5 | |
20 | 36.6* | 32.7 | 40.4 | − 25.4* | − 29.8 | − 20.9 | − 30.9* | − 33.3 | − 28.6 | ||
40 | 17.8* | 14.0 | 21.6 | − 38.0* | − 42.5 | − 33.5 | − 20.2* | − 22.6 | − 17.9 | ||
80 | 49.7* | 45.9 | 53.6 | 31.8* | 27.4 | 36.3 | 36.5* | 34.1 | 38.8 | ||
100 | 87.6* | 83.8 | 91.4 | 62.0* | 57.5 | 66.5 | 36.5* | 34.1 | 38.8 | ||
80 | 0 | − 5.0* | − 8.8 | − 1.1 | − 32.0* | − 36.4 | − 27.5 | − 75.3* | − 77.7 | − 73.0 | |
20 | − 13.2* | − 17.0 | − 9.3 | − 57.2* | − 61.7 | − 52.7 | − 67.4* | − 69.7 | − 65.1 | ||
40 | − 31.9* | − 35.8 | − 28.1 | − 69.8* | − 74.3 | − 65.4 | − 56.7* | − 59.0 | − 54.4 | ||
60 | − 49.7* | − 53.6 | − 45.9 | − 31.8* | − 36.3 | − 27.4 | − 36.5* | − 38.8 | − 34.1 | ||
100 | 37.9* | 34.0 | 41.7 | 30.2* | 25.7 | 34.6 | 0.0 | − 2.3 | 2.3 | ||
100 | 0 | − 42.8* | − 46.7 | − 39.0 | − 62.1* | − 66.6 | − 57.7 | − 75.3* | − 77.7 | − 73.0 | |
20 | − 51.0* | − 54.9 | − 47.2 | − 87.4* | − 91.8 | − 82.9 | − 67.4* | − 69.7 | − 65.1 | ||
40 | − 69.8* | − 73.6 | − 66.0 | − 100.0* | − 104.5 | − 95.5 | − 56.7* | − 59.0 | − 54.4 | ||
60 | − 87.6* | − 91.4 | − 83.8 | − 62.0* | − 66.5 | − 57.5 | − 36.5* | − 38.8 | − 34.1 | ||
80 | − 37.9* | − 41.7 | − 34.0 | − 30.2* | − 34.6 | − 25.7 | 0.0 | − 2.3 | 2.3 | ||
Proportion of people wearing facemask out of home | 0 | 20 | − 17.0* | − 20.8 | − 13.2 | − 10.4* | − 14.9 | − 6.0 | 12.4* | 10.0 | 14.7 |
40 | − 3.6 | − 7.4 | 0.3 | − 4.7* | − 9.2 | − 0.2 | 12.7* | 10.4 | 15.1 | ||
60 | 17.0* | 13.2 | 20.9 | − 8.5* | − 13.0 | − 4.1 | 28.2* | 25.9 | 30.5 | ||
80 | 28.6* | 24.7 | 32.4 | 39.3* | 34.9 | 43.8 | 45.6* | 43.3 | 48.0 | ||
100 | 58.0* | 54.2 | 61.9 | 70.3* | 65.8 | 74.7 | 67.0* | 64.6 | 69.3 | ||
20 | 0 | 17.0* | 13.2 | 20.8 | 10.4* | 6.0 | 14.9 | − 12.4* | − 14.7 | − 10.0 | |
40 | 13.4* | 9.6 | 17.3 | 5.7* | 1.3 | 10.2 | 0.4 | − 2.0 | 2.7 | ||
60 | 34.0* | 30.2 | 37.9 | 1.9 | − 2.6 | 6.4 | 15.8* | 13.5 | 18.2 | ||
80 | 45.6* | 41.7 | 49.4 | 49.8* | 45.3 | 54.2 | 33.3* | 30.9 | 35.6 | ||
100 | 75.0* | 71.2 | 78.9 | 80.7* | 76.2 | 85.2 | 54.6* | 52.3 | 56.9 | ||
40 | 0 | 3.6 | − 0.3 | 7.4 | 4.7* | 0.2 | 9.2 | − 12.7* | − 15.1 | − 10.4 | |
20 | − 13.4* | − 17.3 | − 9.6 | − 5.7* | − 10.2 | − 1.3 | − 0.4 | − 2.7 | 2.0 | ||
60 | 20.6* | 16.8 | 24.4 | − 3.8 | − 8.3 | 0.6 | 15.5* | 13.1 | 17.8 | ||
80 | 32.1* | 28.3 | 36.0 | 44.0* | 39.6 | 48.5 | 32.9* | 30.6 | 35.2 | ||
100 | 61.6* | 57.8 | 65.4 | 75.0* | 70.5 | 79.4 | 54.2* | 51.9 | 56.6 | ||
60 | 0 | − 17.0* | − 20.9 | − 13.2 | 8.5* | 4.1 | 13.0 | − 28.2* | − 30.5 | − 25.9 | |
20 | − 34.0* | − 37.9 | − 30.2 | − 1.9 | − 6.4 | 2.6 | − 15.8* | − 18.2 | − 13.5 | ||
40 | − 20.6* | − 24.4 | − 16.8 | 3.8 | − 0.6 | 8.3 | − 15.5* | − 17.8 | − 13.1 | ||
80 | 11.5* | 7.7 | 15.4 | 47.9* | 43.4 | 52.3 | 17.4* | 15.1 | 19.8 | ||
100 | 41.0* | 37.2 | 44.8 | 78.8* | 74.3 | 83.3 | 38.8* | 36.4 | 41.1 | ||
80 | 0 | − 28.6* | − 32.4 | − 24.7 | − 39.3* | − 43.8 | − 34.9 | − 45.6* | − 48.0 | − 43.3 | |
20 | − 45.6* | − 49.4 | − 41.7 | − 49.8* | − 54.2 | − 45.3 | − 33.3* | − 35.6 | − 30.9 | ||
40 | − 32.1* | − 36.0 | − 28.3 | − 44.0* | − 48.5 | − 39.6 | − 32.9* | − 35.2 | − 30.6 | ||
60 | − 11.5* | − 15.4 | − 7.7 | − 47.9* | − 52.3 | − 43.4 | − 17.4* | − 19.8 | − 15.1 | ||
100 | 29.5* | 25.6 | 33.3 | 30.9* | 26.5 | 35.4 | 21.3* | 19.0 | 23.7 | ||
100 | 0 | − 58.0* | − 61.9 | − 54.2 | − 70.3* | − 74.7 | − 65.8 | − 67.0* | − 69.3 | − 64.6 | |
20 | − 75.0* | − 78.9 | − 71.2 | − 80.7* | − 85.2 | − 76.2 | − 54.6* | − 56.9 | − 52.3 | ||
40 | − 61.6* | − 65.4 | − 57.8 | − 75.0* | − 79.4 | − 70.5 | − 54.2* | − 56.6 | − 51.9 | ||
60 | − 41.0* | − 44.8 | − 37.2 | − 78.8* | − 83.3 | − 74.3 | − 38.8* | − 41.1 | − 36.4 | ||
80 | − 29.5* | − 33.3 | − 25.6 | − 30.9* | − 35.4 | − 26.5 | − 21.3* | − 23.7 | − 19.0 | ||
Demand Load | 20 | 40 | − 27.1* | − 30.5 | − 23.8 | − 61.1* | − 65.0 | − 57.2 | − 20.3* | − 22.4 | − 18.3 |
60 | − 22.7* | − 26.0 | − 19.3 | − 56.2* | − 60.1 | − 52.3 | − 43.3* | − 45.4 | − 41.3 | ||
80 | − 49.6* | − 53.0 | − 46.3 | − 55.4* | − 59.3 | − 51.5 | − 44.9* | − 47.0 | − 42.9 | ||
100 | − 39.3* | − 42.7 | − 36.0 | − 58.7* | − 62.6 | − 54.8 | − 52.7* | − 54.8 | − 50.7 | ||
40 | 20 | 27.1* | 23.8 | 30.5 | 61.1* | 57.2 | 65.0 | 20.3* | 18.3 | 22.4 | |
60 | 4.4* | 1.1 | 7.8 | 4.9* | 1.0 | 8.8 | − 23.0* | − 25.0 | − 21.0 | ||
80 | − 22.5* | − 25.8 | − 19.1 | 5.7* | 1.8 | 9.6 | − 24.6* | − 26.6 | − 22.5 | ||
100 | − 12.2* | − 15.5 | − 8.8 | 2.4 | − 1.5 | 6.3 | − 32.4* | − 34.4 | − 30.3 | ||
60 | 20 | 22.7* | 19.3 | 26.0 | 56.2* | 52.3 | 60.1 | 43.3* | 41.3 | 45.4 | |
40 | − 4.4* | − 7.8 | − 1.1 | − 4.9* | − 8.8 | − 1.0 | 23.0* | 21.0 | 25.0 | ||
80 | − 26.9* | − 30.3 | − 23.6 | 0.8 | − 3.1 | 4.7 | − 1.6 | − 3.6 | 0.5 | ||
100 | − 16.6* | − 20.0 | − 13.3 | − 2.5 | − 6.4 | 1.4 | − 9.4* | − 11.4 | − 7.3 | ||
80 | 20 | 49.6* | 46.3 | 53.0 | 55.4* | 51.5 | 59.3 | 44.9* | 42.9 | 47.0 | |
40 | 22.5* | 19.1 | 25.8 | − 5.7* | − 9.6 | − 1.8 | 24.6* | 22.5 | 26.6 | ||
60 | 26.9* | 23.6 | 30.3 | − 0.8 | − 4.7 | 3.1 | 1.6 | − 0.5 | 3.6 | ||
100 | 10.3* | 6.9 | 13.6 | − 3.3 | − 7.2 | 0.6 | − 7.8* | − 9.8 | − 5.8 | ||
100 | 20 | 39.3* | 36.0 | 42.7 | 58.7* | 54.8 | 62.6 | 52.7* | 50.7 | 54.8 | |
40 | 12.2* | 8.8 | 15.5 | − 2.4 | − 6.3 | 1.5 | 32.4* | 30.3 | 34.4 | ||
60 | 16.6* | 13.3 | 20.0 | 2.5 | − 1.4 | 6.4 | 9.4* | 7.3 | 11.4 | ||
80 | − 10.3* | − 13.6 | − 6.9 | 3.3 | − 0.6 | 7.2 | 7.8* | 5.8 | 9.8 |