Top

European Journal of Wood and Wood Products

Published in:

23-11-2023 | Original Article

Effects of extracts on color, dimensional stability, and decay resistance of thermally modified wood

Authors: Zhenju Bi, Xiaojian Zhou, Jiang Chen, Yafang Lei, Li Yan

Published in: European Journal of Wood and Wood Products | Issue 2/2024

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

Thermal modification can change the color and improve the dimensional stability and decay resistance of wood without the use of chemical modifiers. However, the impact of extracts from thermally modified wood (TMW) on the performance of TMW remains obscured. To achieve high-value utilization of TMW extracts and to regulate the properties of the TMW through extracts, the impacts of TMW acetone extracts on the color, dimensional stability, and decay resistance of TMW were investigated. The 180, 200 and 220 °C thermally modified spruce (Picea asperata Mast.) and poplar (Populus tomentosa Carr.) with or without acetone extract were used for CIELab color system, anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), and decay resistance assessments. Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize extracted and unextracted TMW. The results indicated that the extract showed positive effects on the color, dimensional stability (220 °C), and decay resistance of TMW, and this effect weakened with increasing temperature. The removal of the extract resulted in a reduction in brightness difference (∆L*) and total color difference (∆E*) of the TMW, with the most pronounced impact observed at 180 °C. The removal of the extract enhanced the dimensional stability of the TMW at 180 and 200 °C but decreased it at 220 °C. The decay resistance of wood thermally modified at 180, 200, and 220 C decreased after extraction, and was most significant at 180 °C. The antifungal activity of the extract was related to the production of vanillin, isovanillic acid, syringic acid, and syringaldehyde. Extract from TMW played an important role in the properties of TMW, serving as a potential means for adjusting its properties or as a natural wood modifier.

previous article Technological properties homogenization on sapwood and heartwood of short rotation teak wood by non-biocide method based on chemical and thermal treatments

next article Effect of thermal modification of wood particles for wood-PLA composites on properties of filaments, 3D-printed parts and injection moulded parts

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Available only for authorised users

Acheampong A, Okyem S, Akoto CO, Baah KA (2018) Antioxidant, antimicrobial and FTIR analysis of methanol root extract of Cnestis ferruginea and ethanol root extract of Citrus limon. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 7(4):2938–2946. https://www.phytojournal.com/archives?year=2018&vol=7&issue=4&ArticleId=5393

Bekhta P, Niemz P (2003) Effect of high temperature on the change in color, dimensional stability, and mechanical properties of spruce wood. Holzforschung 57(5):539–546. https://doi.org/10.1515/HF.2003.080CrossRef

Bi ZJ, Zhao Y, Morrell JJ, Lei YF, Yan L (2021a) The antifungal mechanism of Konjac flying powder extract and its active compounds against wood decay fungi. Ind Crop Prod 164(1):113406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113406CrossRef

Bi ZJ, Yuan JY, Morrell JJ, Yan L (2021b) Effects of extracts on the colour of thermally modified Populus tomentosa Carr. Wood Sci Technol 55:1075–1090. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-021-01304-7CrossRef

Bi ZJ, Morrell JJ, Lei YF, Yan L, Ji MT (2022) Eco-friendly and mildly modification of wood cell walls with heat treated wood extracts to improve wood decay resistance. Ind Crop Prod 184:115079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113406CrossRef

Brocco VF, Paes JB, Gonçalves da Costa L, Brazolin S, Arantes MDC (2017) Potential of teak heartwood extracts as a natural wood preservative. J Clean Prod 142:2093–2099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.11.074CrossRef

Candelier K, Thevenon MF, Petrissans A, Dumarcay S, Gerardin P, Petrissans M (2016) Control of wood thermal treatment and its effects on decay resistance: a review. Ann for Sci 73:571–583. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-016-0541-xCrossRef

Candelier K, Thévenon MF, Collet R, Gérardin P, Dumaray S (2020) Anti-fungal and anti-termite activity of extractives compounds from thermally modified ash woods. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol 22(2):223–240. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-221X2020005000209CrossRef

Chaouch M, Petrissans M, Petrissans A, Gerardin P (2010) Use of wood elemental composition to predict heat treatment intensity and decay resistance of different softwood and hardwood species. Polym Degrad Stabil 95(12):2255–2259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.09.010CrossRef

Chen Y, Fan YM, Gao JM, Li HK (2012) Coloring characteristics of in situ lignin during heat treatment. Wood Sci Technol 46(1–3):33–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-010-0388-5CrossRef

Chu DM, Zhang XY, Mu J, Avramidis S, Xue L, Li YS (2019) A greener approach to byproducts from the production of heat-treated poplar wood: analysis of volatile organic compound emissions and antimicrobial activities of its condensate. J Clean Prod 213:521–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.163CrossRef

Costa JC, Branco JM, Cames AF (2019) Thermal modification of most representative Portuguese wood species. A preliminary study. Rev Constr 18(3):488–500. https://doi.org/10.7764/RDLC.18.3.488CrossRef

Dubey MK, Pang SS, Walker J (2011) Effect of oil heating age on colour and dimensional stability of heat-treated pinus radiata. Eur J Wood Prod 69(2):255–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-010-0431-0

Esteves B, Graça J, Pereira H (2008) Extractive composition and summative chemical analysis of thermally treated eucalypt wood. Holzforschung 62(3):344–351. https://doi.org/10.1515/HF.2008.057CrossRef

Gadhave RV, Sanjivkasbe P, Mahanwar PA, Gadekar PT (2019) Synthesis and characterization of lignin-polyurethane based wood adhesive. Int J Adhes Adhes 95:102427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2019.102427CrossRef

Gao S, Chen Y, Gao JM (2015) Effect of extractives on Color changes of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis and its Spectrum Analysis. J Northeast for Univ 43(4):73–76. http://doi.org/CNKI:SUN:DBLY 0.2015-04-016

González-Peña MM, Hale MDC (2009) Colour in thermally modified wood of beech, Norway spruce and scots pine. Part 1: Colour evolution and colour changes. Holzforschung 63(4):385–393. https://doi.org/10.1515/HF.2009.078CrossRef

Hakkou M, Pétrissans M, Gérardin P, Zoulalian A (2006) Investigations of the reasons for fungal durability of heat-treated beech wood. Polym Degrad Stabil 91:393–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.04.042CrossRef

Hill C, Altgen M, Rautkari L (2021) Thermal modification of wood-a review: chemical changes and hygroscopicity. J Mater Sci 56(11):6581–6614. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05722-zCrossRef

Huang RF, Lv JX, Cao YJ, Zhao X, Zhao YK, Zhou YD (2010) Impact of heat treatment on chemical composition of Chinese white poplar wood. J Beijing for Univ 32(3):155–160. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1011.2010.01351CrossRef

Huang YG, Li GY, Chu FX (2019) Modification of wood cell wall with water-soluble vinyl monomer to improve dimensional stability and its mechanism. Wood Sci Technol 53(3):1051–1060. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-019-01112-0CrossRef

Inari GN, Petrissans M, Dumarcay S, Lambert J, Ehrhardt JJ, Sernek M, Gerardin P (2011) Limitation of xps for analysis of wood species containing high amounts of lipophilic extractives. Wood Sci Technol 45(2):369–382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-010-0324-8CrossRef

Jiang JY, Peng Y, Ran YY, Cao JZ (2022) Pseudo lignin formed from hygrothermally treated holocellulose and its effect on fungal degradation. Ind Crop Prod 184:115004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115004CrossRef

Källbom S, Moghaddam MS, Walinder MEP (2018) Liquid sorption, swelling and surface energy properties of unmodified and thermally modified scots pine heartwood after extraction. Holzforschung 72(3):251–258. https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2017-0064CrossRef

Kamdem DP, Pizzi A, Jermannaud A (2002) Durability of heat-treated wood. Holz Roh- Werkst 60(1):1–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-001-0261-1CrossRef

Korenman YI, Mokshina NY, Zykov AV (2010) Distribution coefficients of vitamin B-2 in hydrophilic organic solvent-aqueous salt solution systems. Russ J Phys Chem A 84(3):415–418. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036024410030131CrossRef

Korkut S, Akgul M, Dundar T (2008) The effects of heat treatment on some technological properties of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood. Bioresource Technol 99(6):1861–1868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.03.038CrossRef

Li HM, Chen RW, Yan T, Chen KH (2009) Chemical composition, decay resistance and mold inhibition of heat-treated lumber. China Wood Ind 23(3):46–48. https://doi.org/10.19455/j.mcgy.2009.03.015CrossRef

Li RR, Xu W, Wang XD, Wang CG (2018) Modeling and predicting of the color changes of wood surface during CO2 laser modifcation. J Clean Prod 183:818–823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.194CrossRef

Ling Z, Ji Z, Ding DY, Cao JZ, Xu F (2016) Microstructural and topochemical characterization of thermally modified poplar (Populus cathayaha) cell wall Bioresources 11(1):786–799. https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/resources/microstructural-and-topochemical-characterization-of-thermally-modified-poplar-populus-cathayaha-cell-wall/

Lyu WH, Shi Y, Zheng YX, Liu X (2019) XPS and FTIR studies of fungus-stained Daemonorops margaritae. J for Res 30(2):739–743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-018-0598-5CrossRef

Mayer I, Koch G, Puls J (2006) Topochemical investigations on wood extractives and their influence on color changes in American black cherry (Prunus serotina Borkh). Holzforschung 60:589–594. https://doi.org/10.1515/HF.2006.100CrossRef

Mehrotra R, Singh P, Kandpal H (2010) Near infrared spectroscopic investigation of the thermal degradation of wood. Thermochim Acta 507–508:60–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2010.05.001CrossRef

Metsa-Kortelainen S, Antikainen T, Viitaniemi P (2006) The water absorption of sapwood and heartwood of scots pine and Norway spruce heat-treated at 170°C, 190°C, 210°C and 230°C. Holz Roh Werkst 64(3):192–197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-005-0063-yCrossRef

Mohammed H, Petrissans M, Gerardin P, Zoulalian A (2006) Investigations of the reasons for fungal durability of heat-treated beech wood. Polym Degrad Stabil 91(2):393–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.04.042CrossRef

Nguyen THV, Nguyen TT, Ji XD, Guo MH (2018) Predicting color change in wood during heat treatment using an artificial neural network model. BioResources 13(3):6250–6264. https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/BioRes_13_3_6250_Nguyen_NJG_Predicting_Color-Change_Wood_Heat_ANN-_Model_13888.pdfCrossRef

Ozen E, Yeniocak M, Goktas O, Alma HM, Yilmaz F (2014) Antimicrobial and antifungal properties of madder root (Rubia tinctorum) colorant used as an environmentally-friendly wood preservative. BioResources 9(2):1998–2009. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.9.2.1998-2009CrossRef

Pánek M, Reinprecht L, Hulla M (2014) Ten essential oils for beech wood protection-efficacy against wood-destroying fungi and moulds, and effect on wood discoloration. BioResources 9:5588–5603. https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/BioRes_09/BioRes_09_3_5588_Panek_RH_Essential_Oils_Wood_Protection_5577.pdfCrossRef

Popescu CM, Tibirna CM, Vasile C (2009) Xps characterization of naturally aged wood. Appl Surf Sci 256(5):1355–1360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.08.087CrossRef

Qu L, Qian J, Gao J, Wang Z, Yi S (2021) Effect of aluminum sulfate impregnation heat joint treatment on color changes of Chinese fir. Wood Sci Tech 55:1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-020-01249-3CrossRef

Sandoval-Torres S, Jomaa W, Marc F, Puiggali JR (2010) Causes of color changes in wood during drying. For Stud China 12(4):167–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11632-010-0404-8CrossRef

Sernek M, Kamke FA, Glasser WG (2004) Comparative analysis of inactivated wood surfaces. Holzforschung 58(1):22–31. https://doi.org/10.1515/HF.2004.004CrossRef

Shen H, Cao J, Sun W, Peng Y (2016) Influence of post-extraction on photostability of thermally modified scots pine wood during artificial weathering. BioRresource 11(2):4512–4525. https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/resources/influence-of-post-extraction-on-photostability-of-thermally-modified-scots-pine-wood-during-artificial-weathering/

Sivrikaya H, Can A, Conde M (2015) Comparative biological resistance of differently thermally modified wood species against decay fungi, reticulitermes grassei and hylotrupes bajulus. Maderas-Cienc y Tecnol 17(3):559–570. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-221X2015005000050CrossRef

Smeds AI, René Herrera Rahkila J, Willfor SM (2021) Extractives in betula celtiberica stemwood and isolation and identification of diarylheptanoids in the hydrophilic extract. Holzforschung 75(11):1001–1011. https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2021-0022CrossRef

Spear MJ, Curling SF, Dimitriou A, Ormondroyd GA (2021) Review of functional treatments for modified wood. Coatings 11(3):327. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11030327CrossRef

Tripathi S, Pant H, Kashyap AK (2014) Decay resistance against basidiomycetes fungi of heat-treated pinus roxburghii and mangifera indica wood. J Trop for Sci 26(2):203–207. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpt033CrossRef

Vuthiganond N, Nakpathom M, Mongkholrattanasit R (2020) Azoic deep dyeing of silk and UV protection using plant polyphenols and diazonium coupling. Fiber Polym 21(5):1052–1060. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-020-9057-yCrossRef

Yan L, Zeng FY, Chen ZJ, Chen S, Lei YF (2021) Improvement of wood decay resistance by salicylic acid / silica microcapsule: effects on the salicylic leaching, microscopic structure and decay resistance. Int Biodeter Biodegr 156:105134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2020.105134CrossRef

Zhan TY, Zhu JY, Liu ZT, Li T, Peng H, Jiang JL, Lyu J (2022) Meta-analysis of chromatic properties of heat-treated wood. Eur J Wood Prod 80(4):851–858. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-022-01831-5CrossRef

Zhao XQ, Wang L, Ren SM, Hu Z, Wang YM (2021) One-pot synthesis of Forsythia@carbon quantum dots with natural anti-wood rot fungus activity. Mater Des 206:109800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109800CrossRef

Zhu T, Sheng JL, Chen JT, Ren K, Wu ZZ, Wu H, Li J, Lin JG (2021) Staining of wood veneers with anti-uv property using the natural dye extracted from dalbergia cohinchinensis. J Clean Prod 284(4):124770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124770CrossRef

Title: Effects of extracts on color, dimensional stability, and decay resistance of thermally modified wood
Authors: Zhenju Bi
Xiaojian Zhou
Jiang Chen
Yafang Lei
Li Yan
Publication date: 23-11-2023
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: European Journal of Wood and Wood Products / Issue 2/2024
Print ISSN: 0018-3768
Electronic ISSN: 1436-736X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-023-02024-4

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 2/2024

Bending fatigue performance of L-shaped stapled one-side two-gusset-plate upholstered furniture joints in oriented strandboard

Preparation of sulfonated carbonaceous solid acid catalysts by fuming sulfuric acid from different lignocellulosic sources and application for the conversion of Acacia mangium wood sawdust-derived glucose and fructose into levulinic acid

Preparation and characterization of unsaturated polyester infused transparent wood composites

Effect of drilling resistance measurement on residual load capacity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

Evaluation of the bonding process and interlaminar shear properties of hybrid cross-laminated timber prepared with larch and OSB

Technological properties homogenization on sapwood and heartwood of short rotation teak wood by non-biocide method based on chemical and thermal treatments