Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Journal of Materials Science
Published in: Journal of Materials Science 20/2018

26-06-2018 | Composites

Effects of octadecylamine functionalization of carbon nanotubes on dispersion, polarity, and mechanical properties of CNT/HDPE nanocomposites

Authors: B. R. C. de Menezes, F. V. Ferreira, B. C. Silva, E. A. N. Simonetti, T. M. Bastos, L. S. Cividanes, G. P. Thim

Published in: Journal of Materials Science | Issue 20/2018

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Homogeneous dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in polymers has significantly improved their processing and application as nanomaterials. Generally, CNTs tend to agglomerate due to their high aspect ratios and strong van der Waals interaction. Surface functionalization appears to be a solution to this problem. This study presents a controlled dispersion of carbon nanotubes in polyethylene through surface modification using a mixture of concentrated acid and octadecylamine (ODA). CNTs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results confirmed that carboxyl and alkane groups were successfully introduced on CNT surfaces. The acid- and amine-functionalized carbon nanotubes were dispersed in four solvents with different polarities (water, ethanol, acetone, and xylene) to correlate the degree of dispersion of CNT with their polarity. The results showed that CNT dispersion stability strongly depends on solvent and carbon nanotube polarities after the functionalization step. The nanohardness and tensile tests showed that the addition of CNTs, especially the functionalized with ODA, leaded the polymer harder, increasing its Young’s modulus and tensile strength. However, its toughness and deformation capacity were reduced. The potential applications of CNT-based polymer nanocomposites broaden considerably due to the surface engineering of carbon nanotubes.
previous article Improved thermal conductivity of polydimethylsiloxane/short carbon fiber composites prepared by spatial confining forced network assembly
next article Electrospinning synthesis of porous Bi12TiO20/Bi4Ti3O12 composite nanofibers and their photocatalytic property under simulated sunlight

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
Literature
1.
2.
3.
Yao X, Gao X, Jiang J, Xu C, Deng C, Wang J (2018) Comparison of carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide coated carbon fiber for improving the interfacial properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites. Compos Part B Eng 132:170–177CrossRef
4.
5.
6.
Li Y, Wang S, He E, Wang Q (2016) The effect of sliding velocity on the tribological properties of polymer/carbon nanotube composites. Carbon 106:106–109CrossRef
7.
Huynh MTT, Nakayama T, Kawamoto A, Nguyen ST, Suzuki T, Suematsu H, Niihara K, Cho H-B, Choa Y-H (2016) Fabrication of stacked-cup carbon nanotube/polymer nanocomposite films with linear controlled percolation routes. Mater Chem Phys 171:39–44CrossRef
8.
9.
Han B, Guo E, Xue X, Zhao Z, Luo L, Qu H, Niu T, Xu Y, Hou H (2017) Fabrication and densification of high performance carbon nanotube/copper composite fibers. Carbon 123:593–604CrossRef
10.
Lawal AT (2016) Synthesis and utilization of carbon nanotubes for fabrication of electrochemical biosensors. Mater Res Bull 73:308–350CrossRef
11.
Yourdkhani M, Hubert P (2015) A systematic study on dispersion stability of carbon nanotube-modified epoxy resins. Carbon 81:251–259CrossRef
12.
Aalaie J, Rahmatpour A, Maghami S (2007) Preparation and characterization of linear low density polyethylene/carbon nanotube nanocomposites. J Macromol Sci B 46(5):877–889CrossRef
13.
Ham HT, Choi YS, Chung IJ (2005) An explanation of dispersion states of single-walled carbon nanotubes in solvents and aqueous surfactant solutions using solubility parameters. J Colloid Interf Sci 286(1):216–223CrossRef
14.
Yuan Z, Lu Z, Chen M, Yang Z, Xie F (2015) Interfacial properties of carboxylic acid functionalized CNT/polyethylene composites: a molecular dynamics simulation study. Appl Surf Sci 351:1043–1052CrossRef
15.
Abdolmaleki A, Mallakpour S, Borandeh S (2013) Amino acid-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes for improving compatibility with chiral poly (amide-ester-imide) containing l-phenylalanine and l-tyrosine linkages. Appl Surf Sci 287:117–123CrossRef
16.
Cividanes L, Franceschi W, Ferreira FV, de Menezes BRC, Sales RCM, Thim GP (2017) How do CNT affect the branch and crosslink reactions in CNT-epoxy. Mater Res Express 4(10):105101CrossRef
17.
18.
Ansari R, Ajori S, Rouhi S (2015) Structural and elastic properties and stability characteristics of oxygenated carbon nanotubes under physical adsorption of polymers. Appl Surf Sci 332:640–647CrossRef
19.
Redondo-Gómez C, Orozco F, Noeske P-LM, Soto-Tellini V, Corrales-Urena Y, Vega-Baudrit J (2017) Cholic acid covalently bound to multi-walled carbon nanotubes: improvements on dispersion stability. Mater Chem Phys 200:331–341CrossRef
20.
Kharitonov AP, Maksimkin AV, Mostovaya KS, Kaloshkin SD, Gorshenkov MV, D’yachkova TP, Tkachev AG, Alekseiko LN (2015) Reinforcement of bulk ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene by fluorinated carbon nanotubes insertion followed by hot pressing and orientation stretching. Compos Sci Technol 120:26–31CrossRef
21.
Shi X, Jiang B, Wang J, Yang Y (2012) Influence of wall number and surface functionalization of carbon nanotubes on their antioxidant behavior in high density polyethylene. Carbon 50(3):1005–1013CrossRef
22.
Kanagaraj S, Varanda FR, Zhil’tsova TV, Oliveira MS, Simões JA (2007) Mechanical properties of high density polyethylene/carbon nanotube composites. Compos Sci Technol 67(15–16):3071–3077CrossRef
23.
24.
Salam MA, Burk R (2017) Synthesis and characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified with octadecylamine and polyethylene glycol. Arab J Chem 10:S921–S927CrossRef
25.
Antunes E, Almeida E, Rosa C, de Medeiros L, Pardini L, Massi M, Corat E (2010) Thermal annealing and electrochemical purification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes produced by camphor/ferrocene mixtures. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 10(2):1296–1303CrossRef
26.
Francisco W, Ferreira FV, Ferreira EV, Cividanes LdS, Coutinho AdR, Thim GP (2015) Functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotube and mechanical property of epoxy-based nanocomposite. J Aerospace Technol Manag 7(3):289–293CrossRef
27.
Ferreira FV, Francisco W, de Menezes BRC, Cividanes LDS, dos Reis Coutinho A, Thim GP (2015) Carbon nanotube functionalized with dodecylamine for the effective dispersion in solvents. Appl Surf Sci 357:2154–2159CrossRef
28.
29.
Cividanes L, Brunelli D, Antunes E, Corat E, Sakane K, Thim G (2013) Cure study of epoxy resin reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes by Raman and luminescence spectroscopy. J Appl Polym Sci 127(1):544–553CrossRef
30.
Jin SH, Park Y-B, Yoon KH (2007) Rheological and mechanical properties of surface modified multi-walled carbon nanotube-filled PET composite. Compos Sci Technol 67(15):3434–3441CrossRef
31.
Smith AL (1979) Applied infrared spectroscopy, fundamentals, techniques, and analytical problem solving, vol 54. Chem Anal. Wiley, New York
32.
Vuković G, Marinković A, Obradović M, Radmilović V, Čolić M, Aleksić R, Uskoković PS (2009) Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity of surface amino-functionalized water-dispersible multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Appl Surf Sci 255(18):8067–8075CrossRef
33.
Ferreira FV, Cividanes LDS, Brito FS, de Menezes BRC, Franceschi W, Simonetti EAN, Thim GP (2016) Functionalization of graphene and applications. In: Functionalizing graphene and carbon nanotubes. SpringerBriefs in applied sciences and technology. Springer, Cham, pp 1–29
34.
Rahimpour A, Jahanshahi M, Khalili S, Mollahosseini A, Zirepour A, Rajaeian B (2012) Novel functionalized carbon nanotubes for improving the surface properties and performance of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane. Desalination 286:99–107CrossRef
35.
Pang H, Piao Y-Y, Cui C-H, Bao Y, Lei J, Yuan G-P, Zhang C-L (2013) Preparation and performance of segregated polymer composites with hybrid fillers of octadecylamine functionalized graphene and carbon nanotubes. J Polym Res 20(11):304CrossRef
36.
Zhang X, Huang Q, Liu M, Tian J, Zeng G, Li Z, Wang K, Zhang Q, Wan Q, Deng F (2015) Preparation of amine functionalized carbon nanotubes via a bioinspired strategy and their application in Cu 2 + removal. Appl Surf Sci 343:19–27CrossRef
37.
Boncel S, Koziol KK (2014) Enhanced graphitization of c-CVD grown multi-wall carbon nanotube arrays assisted by removal of encapsulated iron-based phases under thermal treatment in argon. Appl Surf Sci 301:488–491CrossRef
38.
Datsyuk V, Kalyva M, Papagelis K, Parthenios J, Tasis D, Siokou A, Kallitsis I, Galiotis C (2008) Chemical oxidation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Carbon 46(6):833–840CrossRef
39.
Sobkowicz MJ, Dorgan JR, Gneshin KW, Herring AM, McKinnon JT (2009) Controlled dispersion of carbon nanospheres through surface functionalization. Carbon 47(3):622–628CrossRef
40.
Kudin KN, Ozbas B, Schniepp HC, Prud’Homme RK, Aksay IA, Car R (2008) Raman spectra of graphite oxide and functionalized graphene sheets. Nano Lett 8(1):36–41CrossRef
41.
Scaffaro R, Maio A (2012) Enhancing the mechanical performance of polymer based nanocomposites by plasma-modification of nanoparticles. Polym Test 31(7):889–894CrossRef
42.
Vix-Guterl C, Couzi M, Dentzer J, Trinquecoste M, Delhaes P (2004) Surface characterizations of carbon multiwall nanotubes: comparison between surface active sites and Raman spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 108(50):19361–19367CrossRef
43.
Ferreira FV, Cividanes LDS, Brito FS, Menezes BRCd, Franceschi W, Simonetti EAN, Thim GP (2016) Functionalizing Graphene and carbon nanotubes: a review. Springer, New yorkCrossRef
44.
45.
Dintcheva NT, Arrigo R, Morici E, Gambarotti C, Carroccio S, Cicogna F, Filippone G (2015) Multi-functional hindered amine light stabilizers-functionalized carbon nanotubes for advanced ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene-based nanocomposites. Compos Part B Eng 82:196–204CrossRef
46.
Dresselhaus M, Jorio A, Souza Filho A, Saito R (2010) Defect characterization in graphene and carbon nanotubes using Raman spectroscopy. Philos Trans R Soc A 368(1932):5355–5377CrossRef
47.
Swartz WE Jr (1973) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Anal Chem 45(9):788A–800aCrossRef
48.
Mattevi C, Wirth CT, Hofmann S, Blume R, Cantoro M, Ducati C, Cepek C, Knop-Gericke A, Milne S, Castellarin-Cudia C (2008) In-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of catalyst–support interactions and growth of carbon nanotube forests. J Phys Chem C 112(32):12207–12213CrossRef
49.
Seah M (1986) Data compilations: their use to improve measurement certainty in surface analysis by AES and XPS. Surf Interf Anal 9(2):85–98CrossRef
50.
Oswald S (2013) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in analysis of surfaces. Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry. Wiley, New York
51.
Watts JF (1994) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Surf Sci Tech 45(6–7):653–671
52.
Lakshminarayanan PV, Toghiani H, Pittman CU Jr (2004) Nitric acid oxidation of vapor grown carbon nanofibers. Carbon 42(12–13):2433–2442CrossRef
53.
Ferreira FV, Cividanes LDS, Brito FS, de Menezes BRC, Franceschi W, Simonetti EAN, Thim GP (2016) Functionalization of carbon nanotube and applications. In: Functionalizing graphene and carbon nanotubes. SpringerBriefs in applied sciences and technology. Springer, Cham, pp 31–61
54.
Ma P-C, Mo S-Y, Tang B-Z, Kim J-K (2010) Dispersion, interfacial interaction and re-agglomeration of functionalized carbon nanotubes in epoxy composites. Carbon 48(6):1824–1834CrossRef
55.
Soares MC, Viana MM, Schaefer ZL, Gangoli VS, Cheng Y, Caliman V, Wong MS, Silva GG (2014) Surface modification of carbon black nanoparticles by dodecylamine: thermal stability and phase transfer in brine medium. Carbon 72:287–295CrossRef
56.
Sun W, Liu Z, Jiang C, Xue Y, Chu W, Zhao X (2013) Experimental and theoretical investigation on the interaction between palladium nanoparticles and functionalized carbon nanotubes for Heck synthesis. Catal Today 212:206–214CrossRef
57.
Radovic L, Silva I, Ume J, Menendez J, Leon CLY, Scaroni A (1997) An experimental and theoretical study of the adsorption of aromatics possessing electron-withdrawing and electron-donating functional groups by chemically modified activated carbons. Carbon 35(9):1339–1348CrossRef
58.
Kundu S, Xia W, Busser W, Becker M, Schmidt DA, Havenith M, Muhler M (2010) The formation of nitrogen-containing functional groups on carbon nanotube surfaces: a quantitative XPS and TPD study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 12(17):4351–4359CrossRef
59.
Ramanathan T, Fisher F, Ruoff R, Brinson L (2005) Amino-functionalized carbon nanotubes for binding to polymers and biological systems. Chem Mater 17(6):1290–1295CrossRef
60.
Wang R, Wang H, Sun L, Wang E, Zhu Y, Zhu Y (2016) The fabrication and tribological behavior of epoxy composites modified by the three-dimensional polyurethane sponge reinforced with dopamine functionalized carbon nanotubes. Appl Surf Sci 360:37–44CrossRef
61.
Reichardt C, Welton T (2011) Solvents and solvent effects in organic chemistry. Wiley, New York
62.
Shieh Y-T, Liu G-L, Wu H-H, Lee C-C (2007) Effects of polarity and pH on the solubility of acid-treated carbon nanotubes in different media. Carbon 45(9):1880–1890CrossRef
63.
Zhao Z, Yang Z, Hu Y, Li J, Fan X (2013) Multiple functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with carboxyl and amino groups. Appl Surf Sci 276:476–481CrossRef
64.
Ferreira C, Dal Castel C, Oviedo M, Mauler R (2013) Isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene/exfoliated graphite nanocomposites. Thermochim Acta 553:40–48CrossRef
65.
Kim J, Kwak S, Hong SM, Lee JR, Takahara A, Seo Y (2010) Nonisothermal crystallization behaviors of nanocomposites prepared by in situ polymerization of high-density polyethylene on multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Macromol 43(24):10545–10553CrossRef
66.
Grady BP (2012) Effects of carbon nanotubes on polymer physics. J Polym Sci Polym Phys 50(9):591–623CrossRef
67.
Ferreira FV, Francisco W, Menezes BR, Brito FS, Coutinho AS, Cividanes LS, Coutinho AR, Thim GP (2016) Correlation of surface treatment, dispersion and mechanical properties of HDPE/CNT nanocomposites. Appl Surf Sci 389:921–929CrossRef
68.
Peneva Y, Valcheva M, Minkova L, Mičušík M, Omastová M (2008) Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics and microhardness of PP/CNT composites. J Macromol Sci B 47(6):1197–1210CrossRef
69.
Dutta A, Penumadu D, Files B (2004) Nanoindentation testing for evaluating modulus and hardness of single-walled carbon nanotube–reinforced epoxy composites. J Mater Res 19(1):158–164CrossRef
70.
Vega J, Martinez-Salazar J, Trujillo M, Arnal M, Muller A, Bredeau S, Dubois P (2009) Rheology, processing, tensile properties, and crystallization of polyethylene/carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Macromol 42(13):4719–4727CrossRef
71.
Zou Y, Feng Y, Wang L, Liu X (2004) Processing and properties of MWNT/HDPE composites. Carbon 42(2):271–277CrossRef
72.
Mohsin MA, Arsad A, Alothman OY (2014) Enhanced thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of CNT/HDPE nanocomposite using MMT as secondary filler. WASET 8(2):117–120
73.
Michler GH, Balta-Calleja FJ (2016) Mechanical properties of polymers based on nanostructure and morphology, vol 71. CRC Press, New York
74.
Yang BX, Pramoda KP, Xu GQ, Goh SH (2007) Mechanical reinforcement of polyethylene using polyethylene-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Adv Funct Mater 17(13):2062–2069CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Effects of octadecylamine functionalization of carbon nanotubes on dispersion, polarity, and mechanical properties of CNT/HDPE nanocomposites
Authors
B. R. C. de Menezes
F. V. Ferreira
B. C. Silva
E. A. N. Simonetti
T. M. Bastos
L. S. Cividanes
G. P. Thim
Publication date
26-06-2018
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Materials Science / Issue 20/2018
Print ISSN: 0022-2461
Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2627-3

Other articles of this Issue 20/2018

Journal of Materials Science 20/2018 Go to the issue

Composites

Deformation mechanisms and mechanical properties of porous magnesium/carbon nanofiber composites with different porosities

Biomaterials

Aptamer-conjugated gold nanostars for targeted cancer photothermal therapy

Biomaterials

Effective poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether grafting technique onto Nylon 6 surface to achieve resistance against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Metals

Compressive strain rate dependence and constitutive modeling of closed-cell aluminum foams with various relative densities

Energy materials

Soft template synthesis of acetylene black/manganese dioxide nanosheets composites as efficient sulfur hosts for lithium–sulfur batteries

Composites

3D magnetic printing of bio-inspired composites with tunable mechanical properties

Premium Partners

    Image Credits