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2017 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

16. Energy Wealth as Peace and Democracy Incentive: The Eastern Mediterranean Case

Author : Andreas Stergiou

Published in: Democracy and an Open-Economy World Order

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

In recent years, the geopolitics of energy, especially oil and gas, intruded heavily upon the international political agenda, as energy was transformed from a pure economic issue to a political one (Mingst 2008, p. 276). The geopolitical/geostrategic dimension of energy security in particular has made a spectacular return in world politics. Increasingly more countries have recognized the importance of incorporating energy security more systematically into foreign policy by developing various tools of promoting their strategic goals in this regard.

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Footnotes
1
According to the International Energy Agency’s definition energy security is the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordable price: http://​www.​iea.​org/​topics/​energysecurity/​.
 
2
The debate amongst energy experts could be structured around two alternative ‘storylines’, that of ‘markets and institutions’ and that of ‘regions and empires’, distinguishing between a market-based and a geopolitical dimension of the term (Youngs 2009, pp. 6–21).
 
3
International Energy Agency, Energy Chapter: http://​www.​energycharter.​org/​what-we-do/​investment/​overview/​. Accessed on 31 March 2016.
 
4
They repeatedly dispatched diplomats (among them Vice President Joe Biden visited Cyprus in May 2014) to Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, Israel, and Lebanon to seek a breakthrough on many fronts.
 
5
In the full sense this strategy manifested itself in the Kremlin’s stance on the Annan Plan for the reunification of Cyprus in 2004, when Russia torpedoed a UN resolution, backed by the EU, Turkey and the USA, to provide sufficient security guarantees for the implementation of the Plan.
 
6
The area in dispute covers 850 square kilometers in a triangle whose western apex is the Israeli-Lebanese land border and seaward base is Israel and Cyprus’ Exclusive Economic Zone (Lakes 2012, pp. 39–43).
 
7
This has been also registered by the European Union. See EU-Commission staff working document, Turkey 2015 report, SWD (2015) 216 final, Brussels, 10.11.2015.
 
8
Resolution 2014/2921 adopted by the European Parliament on 13 November 2014.
 
9
Survey conducted by Crisis Group (Report N°229, 14 March 2014); survey conducted by order of the Social Cohesion and Reconciliation (SCORE) Index, http://​www.​scoreforpeace.​org/​?​country=​1, assessed on 23 September 2015.
 
11
See Turkish Cypriot daily Kibris newspaper 5 April 2016.
 
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Metadata
Title
Energy Wealth as Peace and Democracy Incentive: The Eastern Mediterranean Case
Author
Andreas Stergiou
Copyright Year
2017
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52168-8_16