Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal
Published in: International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal 3/2018

20-03-2018

Entrepreneurship by immigrants: a review of existing literature and directions for future research

Author: Ratan J. S. Dheer

Published in: International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal | Issue 3/2018

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The topic of immigrant entrepreneurship has gained considerable attention in social and policy circles around the world. Likewise, research on it has grown significantly over the past few decades, with studies examining the micro-, meso-, and macro-level antecedents and consequences of this phenomenon. While contributing to our knowledge, this growth in literature has also created complexity within this domain. As such, there is a need to take stock of current research. In the present study, I advance in this direction. I delineate the boundaries and outline the contributions of immigrant entrepreneurship research to the field of entrepreneurship. Thereafter, based on a comprehensive review of 69 studies published between 1980 and 2016 in journals across multiple disciplines, I develop a framework to integrate findings within this domain. Finally, I identify gaps and advance suggestions for future research. It is hoped that these steps will provide a clear vision of common research ground on which to build theory, identify assumptions, develop meaningful research questions and establish the ontological and epistemological base of this domain.
previous article Financial return crowdfunding: literature review and bibliometric analysis
next article Expert and entrepreneur: the unique research domain of professional service entrepreneurs

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
Literature
Abada, T., Hou, F., & Lu, Y. (2014). Choice or necessity: Do immigrants and their children choose self-employment for the same reasons? Work, Employment and Society, 28(1), 78–94.
Adler, P. S., & Kwon, S.-W. (2002). Social capital: Prospects for a new concept. Academy of Management Review, 27(1), 17–40.
Aguilera, M. B. (2009). Ethnic enclaves and the earnings of self-employed Latinos. Small Business Economics, 33(4), 413–425.
Aldrich, H. E., & Waldinger, R. (1990). Ethnicity and entrepreneurship. Annual Review of Sociology, 16, 111–135.
Allen, R., & Busse, E. (2016). The social side of ethnic entrepreneur breakout: Evidence from Latino immigrant business owners. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 39(4), 653–670.
Anderson, B., & Blinder, S. (2011). Who counts as a migrant? Definitions and their consequences. Briefing: The Migration Observatory at the University of Oxford.
Arrighetti, A., Bolzani, D., & Lasagni, A. (2014). Beyond the enclave? Break-outs into mainstream markets and multicultural hybridism in ethnic firms. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 26(9–10), 753–777.
Azmat, F., & Fujimoto, Y. (2016). Family embeddedness and entrepreneurship experience: A study of Indian migrant women entrepreneurs in Australia. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 28(9–10), 630–656.
Bagwell, S. (2008). Transnational family networks and ethnic minority business development: The case of Vietnamese nail-shops in the UK. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 14(6), 377–394.
Barbosa, S. D., Gerhardt, M. W., & Kickul, J. R. (2007). The role of cognitive style and risk preference on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 13(4), 86–104.
Baron, R. A., & Henry, R. A. (2011). Entrepreneurship: The genesis of organizations. In S. Zedeck (Ed.), APA handbook of industrial and organizational psychology, Vol 1: Building and developing the organization (pp. 241–273). Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
Bates, T. (1994). Social resources generated by group support networks may not be beneficial to Asian immigrant-owned small businesses. Social Forces, 72(3), 671–689.
Bates, T. (1997). Financing small business creation: The case of Chinese and Korean immigrant entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 12(2), 109–124.
Bates, T. (1999). Existing self-employment: an analysis of Asian immigrant-owned small businesses. Small business economics, 13(3), 171–183.
Bates, T., & Robb, A. (2014). Small-business viability in America’s urban minority communities. Urban Studies, 51(13), 2844–2862.
Baycan-Levent, T., & Nijkamp, P. (2009). Characteristics of migrant entrepreneurship in Europe. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 21(4), 375–397.
Bird, M., & Wennberg, K. (2016). Why family matters: The impact of family resources on immigrant entrepreneurs' exit from entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 31(6), 687–704.
Borjas, G. J. (1986). The self-employment experience of immigrants. Journal of Human Resources, 21, 485–506.
Borjas, G. J. (1990). Friends or strangers: The impact of immigrants on the US economy. New York: Basic Books.
Borjas, G. J. (2000). Ethnic enclaves and assimilation. Swedish Economic Policy Review, 7(2), 89–122.
Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. Cultural theory: An anthology. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.
Boyacigiller, N. A., & Adler, N. J. (1991). The parochial dinosaur: Organizational science in a global context. Academy of Management Review, 16(2), 262–290.
Bradley, D. E. (2004). A second look at self-employment and the earnings of immigrants. International Migration Review, 38(2), 547–583.
Bruyat, C., & Julien, P.-A. (2001). Defining the field of research in entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 16(2), 165–180.
Busenitz, L. W., West III, G. P., Shepherd, D., Nelson, T., Chandler, G. N., & Zacharakis, A. (2003). Entrepreneurship research in emergence: Past trends and future directions. Journal of Management, 29(3), 285–308.
Carlsson, B., Braunerhjelm, P., McKelvey, M., Olofsson, C., Persson, L., & Ylinenpää, H. (2013). The evolving domain of entrepreneurship research. Small Business Economics, 41(4), 913–930.
Cerdin, J.-L., Diné, M. A., & Brewster, C. (2013). Qualified immigrants'success: Exploring the motivation to migrate and to integrate. Journal of International Business Studies, 45(2), 151–168.
Chaganti, R. R. S., Watts, A. D., Chaganti, R., & Zimmerman-Treichel, M. (2008). Ethnic-immigrants in founding teams: Effects on prospector strategy and performance in new internet ventures. Journal of Business Venturing, 23(1), 113–139.
Changanti, R., & Greene, P. (2002). Who are ethnic entrepreneurs?: A study of entrepreneurs ethnic involvement and business characteristics. Journal of Small Business Management, 40(2), 126–143.
Chrysostome, E. (2010). The success factors of necessity immigrant entrepreneurs: In search of a model. Thunderbird International Business Review, 52(2), 137–152.
Clark, K., & Drinkwater, S. (2000). Pushed out or pulled in? Self-employment among ethnic minorities in England and Wales. Labour Economics, 7(5), 603–628.
Collins, J. & Low, A. (2010). Asian female immigrant entrepreneurs in small and medium-sized businesses in Australia. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 22(1), 97–111.
Collins, J. (2003). Cultural diversity and entrepreneurship: Policy responses to immigrant entrepreneurs in Australia. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 15(2), 137–149.
Constant, A., & Massey, D. S. (2005). Labor market segmentation and the earnings of German guestworkers. Population Research and Policy Review, 24(5), 489–512.
Constant, A., & Shachmurove, Y. (2006). Entrepreneurial ventures and wage differentials between Germans and immigrants. International Journal of Manpower, 27(3), 208–229.
Constant, A., & Zimmermann, K. F. (2006). The making of entrepreneurs in Germany: Are native men and immigrants alike? Small Business Economics, 26(3), 279–300.
Contín-Pilart, I., & Larraza-Kintana, M. (2015). Do entrepreneurial role models influence the nascent entrepreneurial activity of immigrants? Journal of Small Business Management, 53(4), 1146–1163.
Cueto, B., & Rodríguez Álvarez, V. (2015). Determinants of immigrant self-employment in Spain. International Journal of Manpower, 36(6), 895–911.
Dai, F., Wang, K. Y., & Teo, S. T. (2011). Chinese immigrants in network marketing business in Western host country context. International Business Review, 20(6), 659–669.
Démurger, S., & Xu, H. (2011). Return migrants: The rise of new entrepreneurs in rural China. World Development, 39(10), 1847–1861.
Dheer, R. J., & Lenartowicz, T. (2018). Career decisions of immigrants: Role of identity and social embeddedness. Human Resource Management Review, 28(2), 144–163.
Drori, I., Honig, B., & Wright, M. (2009). Transnational entrepreneurship: An emergent field of study. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(5), 1001–1022.
Efendic, N., Andersson, F. W., & Wennberg, K. (2016). Growth in first-and second-generation immigrant firms in Sweden. International Small Business Journal, 34(8), 1028–1052.
Evans, M. D. R. (1989). Immigrant entrepreneurship: Effects of ethnic market size and isolated labor pool. American Sociological Review, 54(6), 950–962.
Fairchild, G. B. (2010). Intergenerational ethnic enclave influences on the likelihood of being self-employed. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(3), 290–304.
Fernandez, M., & Kim, K. C. (1998). Self-employment rates of Asian immigrant groups: An analysis of intragroup and intergroup differences. International Migration Review, 32(3), 654–681.
Filatotchev, I., Liu, X., Buck, T., & Wright, M. (2009). The export orientation and export performance of high-technology SMEs in emerging markets: The effects of knowledge transfer by returnee entrepreneurs. Journal of International Business Studies, 40(6), 1005–1021.
Fong, E., & Ooka, E. (2002). The social consequences of participating in the ethnic economy. International Migration Review, 36(1), 125–146.
Gelfand, M. J., Nishii, L. H., & Raver, J. L. (2006). On the nature and importance of cultural tightness-looseness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), 1225–1244.
Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, 91(3), 481–510.
Guerra, G., & Patuelli, R. (2014). The influence of role models on immigrant self-employment: A spatial analysis for Switzerland. International Journal of Manpower, 35(1/2), 187–215.
Hainmueller, J., & Hopkins, D. J. (2014). Public attitudes toward immigration. Annual Review of Political Science, 17, 225–249.
Hart, D. M., & Acs, Z. J. (2011). High-tech immigrant entrepreneurship in the United States. Economic Development Quarterly, 25(2), 116–129.
Högberg, L., Schölin, T., Ram, M., & Jones, T. (2016). Categorising and labelling entrepreneurs: Business support organisations constructing the other through prefixes of ethnicity and immigrantship. International Small Business Journal, 34(3), 242–260.
Hormiga, E., & Bolívar-Cruz, A. (2014). The relationship between the migration experience and risk perception: A factor in the decision to become an entrepreneur. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 10(2), 297–317.
Hou, F., Abada, T., & Lu, Y. (2013). Bosses of Their Own: Are the Children of Immigrants More Likely to be Self-Employed than their Parents?. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 39(8), 1319–1335.
Huang, S. (2012). Taiwanese Entrepreneurs Saying Goodbye to the U.S., Hello to China. Forbes.
Hunt, J. (2009). Which immigrants are most innovative and entrepreneurial? Distinctions by entry visa. Working Paper No. 14920. National Bureau of Economic Research.
Jacso, P. (2006). Deflated, inflated and phantom citation counts. Online Information Review, 30(3), 297–309.
Jiang, G., Kotabe, M., Hamilton, R. D., & Smith, S. W. (2016). Early internationalization and the role of immigration in new venture survival. International Business Review, 25(6), 1285–1296.
Jibeen, T. (2011). Moderators of acculturative stress in Pakistani immigrants: The role of personal and social resources. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(5), 523–533.
Jones, T., Barrett, G., & McEvoy, D. (2000). Market potential as a decisive influence on the performance of ethnic minority business. In J. Rath (Ed.), Immigrant businesses (pp. 37–53). New York: Springer.
Joona, P. A. (2010). Exits from self-employment: Is there a native-immigrant difference in Sweden? International Migration Review, 44(3), 539–559.
Katila, S., & Wahlbeck, Ö. (2012). The role of (transnational) social capital in the start-up processes of immigrant businesses: The case of Chinese and Turkish restaurant businesses in Finland. International Small Business Journal, 30(3), 294–309.
Keefe, S. (1992). Ethnic identity: The domain of perceptions of and attachment to ethnic groups and cultures. Human Organization, 51(1), 35–43.
Kerr, W. R., & Lincoln, W. F. (2010). The supply side of innovation: H-1B visa reforms and US ethnic invention. Journal of Labor Economics, 28(3), 473–508.
Kim, K. C., & Hurh, W. M. (1985). Ethnic resources utilization of Korean immigrant entrepreneurs in the Chicago minority area. International Migration Review, 19(1), 82–111.
Kloosterman, R. C. (2003). Creating opportunities. Policies aimed at increasing openings for immigrant entrepreneurs in the Netherlands. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 15(2), 167–181.
Kloosterman, R. (2010). Matching opportunities with resources: A framework for analysing (migrant) entrepreneurship from a mixed embeddedness perspective. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 22(1), 25–45.
Kloosterman, R., & Rath, J. (2001). Immigrant entrepreneurs in advanced economies: Mixed embeddedness further explored. Journal of Eethnic and Migration Studies, 27(2), 189–201.
Kloosterman, R., Van Der Leun, J., & Rath, J. (1999). Mixed embeddedness:(in) formal economic activities and immigrant businesses in the Netherlands. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 23(2), 252–266.
Kontos, M. (2003). Considering the concept of entrepreneurial resources in ethnic business: Motivation as a biographical resource? International Review of Sociology/Revue Internationale de Sociologie, 13(1), 183–204.
Kwon, S.-W., Heflin, C., & Ruef, M. (2013). Community social capital and entrepreneurship. American Sociological Review, 78(6), 980–1008.
Lassmann, A., & Busch, C. (2015). Revisiting native and immigrant entrepreneurial activity. Small Business Economics, 45(4), 841–873.
Le, A. T. (2000). The determinants of immigrant self-employment in Australia. International Migration Review, 34(1), 183–214.
Lenartowicz, T., & Roth, K. (2001). Does subculture within a country matter? A cross-cultural study of motivational domains and business performance in Brazil. Journal of International Business Studies, 32(2), 305–325.
Lerner, M., & Hendeles, Y. (1996). New entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial aspirations among immigrants from the former USSR in Israel. Journal of Business Research, 36(1), 59–65.
Ley, D. (2006). Explaining variations in business performance among immigrant entrepreneurs in Canada. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 32(5), 743–764.
Li, P. S. (2001). Immigrants' propensity to self-employment: Evidence from Canada. International Migration Review, 35(4), 1106–1128.
Light, I. (1972). Ethnic enterprise in America: Business and welfare among Chinese, Japanese, and Blacks. Berkeley: Univ of California Press.
Light, I. (2010). Transnational entrepreneurs in an English-speaking world. Die Erde, 141(1–2), 1–16.
Light, I., Zhou, M., & Kim, R. (2002). Transnationalism and American exports in an English-speaking world. International Migration Review, 36(3), 702–725.
Lin, X., & Tao, S. (2012). Transnational entrepreneurs: Characteristics, drivers, and success factors. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 10(1), 50–69.
Liu, C. Y. (2012). Intrametropolitan opportunity structure and the self-employment of Asian and Latino immigrants. Economic Development Quarterly, 26(2), 178–192.
Liu, C. Y., Painter, G., & Wang, Q. (2014). Lessons for US metro areas: Characteristics and clustering of high-tech immigrant entrepreneurs. Kauffman Foundation.
Marger, M. N. (2001). The use of social and human capital among Canadian business immigrants. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 27(3), 439–453.
Massey, D. S. (1999). Why does immigration occur? A theoretical synthesis. In C. Hirschman, P. Kasninitz, & J. DeWind (Eds.), The handbook of international migration: The American experience (pp. 35–42). New York: Russel Sage Foundation.
Mata, F., & Pendakur, R. (1999). Immigration, labor force integration and the pursuit of self-employment. International Migration Review, 33(2), 378–402.
Min, P. G., & Bozorgmehr, M. (2000). Immigrant entrepreneurship and business patterns: A comparison of Koreans and Iranians in Los Angeles. International Migration Review, 34(3), 707–738.
Moon, Z. K., Farmer, F. L., Miller, W. P., & Abreo, C. (2014). Identification and attenuation of barriers to entrepreneurship: Targeting new destination Latino migrants. Economic Development Quarterly, 28(1), 61–72.
Mora, M. T., & Dávila, A. (2005). Ethnic group size, linguistic isolation, and immigrant entrepreneurship in the USA. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 17(5), 389–404.
Mueller, E. (2014). Entrepreneurs from low-skilled immigrant groups in knowledge-intensive industries: company characteristics, survival and innovative performance. Small Business Economics, 42(4), 871–889.
Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242–266.
Ndofor, H. A., & Priem, R. L. (2011). Immigrant entrepreneurs, the ethnic enclave strategy, and venture performance. Journal of Management, 37(3), 790–818.
Nee, V., & Sanders, J. (2001). Understanding the diversity of immigrant incorporation: A forms-of-capital model. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 24(3), 386–411.
Neville, F., Orser, B., Riding, A., & Jung, O. (2014). Do young firms owned by recent immigrants outperform other young firms? Journal of Business Venturing, 29(1), 55–71.
Ozgen, C., Nijkamp, P., & Poot, J. (2011). Immigration and innovation in European regions. Norface Discussion Paper Series No. 2011008.
Peroni, C., Riillo, C. A., & Sarracino, F. (2016). Entrepreneurship and immigration: Evidence from GEM Luxembourg. Small Business Economics, 46(4), 639–656.
Peterson, M. F., & Meckler, M. R. (2001). Cuban-American entrepreneurs: Chance, complexity and chaos. Organization Studies, 22(1), 31–57.
Peterson, M. F., Arregle, J.-L., & Martin, X. (2012). Multilevel models in international business research. Journal of International Business Studies, 43(5), 451–457.
Piore, M. J. (1979). Birds of passage: Migrant labor and industrial societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ployhart, R. E., & Moliterno, T. P. (2011). Emergence of the human capital resource: A multilevel model. Academy of Management Review, 36(1), 127–150.
Podsakoff, P. M., Mackenzie, S. B., Bachrach, D. G., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2005). The influence of management journals in the 1980s and 1990s. Strategic Management Journal, 26(5), 473–488.
Portes, A., & Yiu, J. (2013). Entrepreneurship, transnationalism, and development. Migration Studies, 1(1), 75–95.
Portes, A., & Zhou, M. (1996). Self-employment and the earnings of immigrants. American Sociological Review, 61(2), 219–230.
Portes, A., Guarnizo, L. E., & Haller, W. J. (2002). Transnational entrepreneurs: An alternative form of immigrant economic adaptation. American Sociological Review, 67(2), 278–298.
Raijman, R., & Tienda, M. (2000). Immigrants' pathways to business ownership: A comparative ethnic perspective. International Migration Review, 34(3), 682–706.
Raijman, R., & Tienda, M. (2003). Ethnic foundations of economic transactions: Mexican and Korean immigrant entrepreneurs in Chicago. Ethnic & Racial Studies, 26(5), 783–801.
Ram, M., Smallbone, D., Deakins, D., & Jones, T. (2003). Banking on 'break-out': Finance and the development of ethnic minority businesses. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 29(4), 663–681.
Ram, M., Theodorakopoulos, N., & Jones, T. (2008). Forms of capital, mixed embeddedness and Somali enterprise. Work, Employment and Society, 22(3), 427–446.
Ram, M., Jones, T., & Villares-Varela, M. (2017). Migrant entrepreneurship: Reflections on research and practice. International Small Business Journal, 35(1), 3–18.
Rath, J., & Kloosterman, R. (2000). Outsiders' business: A critical review of research on immigrant entrepreneurship. International Migration Review, 34(3), 657–681.
Razin, E., & Langlois, A. (1996). Metropolitan characteristics and entrepreneurship among immigrants and ethnic groups in Canada. International Migration Review, 30(3), 703–727.
Riva, E. & Lucchini, M. (2015). The effect of the country of birth of the owner on business survival. Evidence from Milan metropolitan area, Italy. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 41(11), 1794–814.
Rosales, R. (2013). Survival, economic mobility and community among Los Angeles fruit vendors. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 39(5), 697–717.
Sam, D. L., & Berry, J. W. (2010). Acculturation when individuals and groups of different cultural backgrounds meet. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(4), 472–481.
Sanders, J. M., & Nee, V. (1996). Immigrant self-employment: The family as social capital and the value of human capital. American Sociological Review, 61(2), 231–249.
Sarasvathy, S. D., & Venkataraman, S. (2011). Entrepreneurship as method: Open questions for an entrepreneurial future. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(1), 113–135.
Saxenian, A. (2002). Silicon Valley’s new immigrant high-growth entrepreneurs. Economic Development Quarterly, 16(1), 20–31.
Schiller, N. G., Basch, L., & Blanc, C. S. (1995). From immigrant to transmigrant: Theorizing transnational migration. Anthropological Quarterly, 68(1), 48–63.
Shane, S. (2012). Reflections on the 2010 AMR decade award: Delivering on the promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 37(1), 10–20.
Shinnar, R. S. (2007). A qualitative examination of Mexican immigrants' career development perceived barriers and motivators. Journal of Career Development, 33(4), 338–375.
Shinnar, R. S., & Young, C. (2008). Hispanic immigrant entrepreneurs in the Las Vegas metropolitan area: Motivations for entry into and outcomes of self-employment. Journal of Small Business Management, 46(2), 242–262.
Skeldon, R. (2011). China: An emerging destination for economic migration. Retrieved from Migration Policy Institute.
Sonfield, M. C. (2005). A new US definition of ‘minority business’: Lessons from the first four years. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 17(3), 223–235.
Soydas, Y., & Aleti, T. (2015). Immigrant and second-generation Turkish entrepreneurs in Melbourne Australia: A qualitative investigation of entrepreneurial motivations. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 21(2), 154–174.
Storti, L. (2014). Being an entrepreneur: Emergence and structuring of two immigrant entrepreneur groups. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 26(7–8), 521–545.
Sui, S., Morgan, H. M., & Baum, M. (2015). Internationalization of immigrant-owned SMEs: The role of language. Journal of World Business, 50(4), 804–814.
Tata, J., & Prasad, S. (2015). Immigrant family businesses: Social capital, network benefits and business performance. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 21(6), 842–866.
Thomas, W. F., & Ong, P. M. (2015). Ethnic mobilization among Korean dry-cleaners. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 38(12), 2108–2122.
Toma, S. (2016). The role of migrant networks in the labour market outcomes of Senegalese men: How destination contexts matter. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 39(4), 593–613.
Van Tubergen, F. (2005). Self-employment of immigrants: A cross-national study of 17 western societies. Social Forces, 84(2), 709–732.
Vandor, P., & Franke, N. (2016). See Paris and… found a business? The impact of cross-cultural experience on opportunity recognition capabilities. Journal of Business Venturing, 31(4), 388–407.
Vinogradov, E., & Kolvereid, L. (2007). Cultural background, human capital and self-employment rates among immigrants in Norway. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 19(4), 359–376.
Wadhwa, V., Saxenian, A., Rissing, B. A., & Gereffi, G. (2007). America's new immigrant entrepreneurs: Part I. Duke Science, Technology & Innovation Paper(23).
Wadhwa, V., Jain, S., Saxenian, A., Gereffi, G., & Wang, H. (2011). The grass is indeed greener in india and China for returnee entrepreneurs: America's new immigrant entrepreneurs–Part VI. Available at SSRN 1824670.
Waldinger, R., Aldrich, H. E., & Ward, R. (1990). Ethnic entrepreneurs: Immigrant business in industrial societies. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership Historical Research Reference in Entrepreneurship.
Wang, D. (2014). Activating cross-border brokerage: Interorganizational knowledge transfer through skilled return migration. Administrative Science Quarterly, 60(1), 133–176.
Wang, Q. (2015). Foreign-born status, gender, and Hispanic business ownership across US metropolitan labor markets: A multilevel approach. Economic Development Quarterly, 29(4), 328–340.
Wang, Q., & Liu, C. Y. (2015). Transnational activities of immigrant-owned firms and their performances in the USA. Small Business Economics, 44(2), 345–359.
Welter, F. (2011). Contextualizing entrepreneurship—Conceptual challenges and ways forward. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(1), 165–184.
Wright, M., Liu, X., Buck, T., & Filatotchev, I. (2008). Returnee entrepreneurs, science park location choice and performance: An analysis of high-technology SMEs in China. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32(1), 131–155.
Yang, C., Colarelli, S. M., Han, K., & Page, R. (2011). Start-up and hiring practices of immigrant entrepreneurs: An empirical study from an evolutionary psychological perspective. International Business Review, 20(6), 636–645.
Ybarra, V. D., Sanchez, L. M., & Sanchez, G. R. (2016). Anti-immigrant anxieties in state policy: The great recession and punitive immigration policy in the American states, 2005–2012. State Politics & Policy Quarterly, 16(3), 313–339.
Yoon, I.-J. (1991). The changing significance of ethnic and class resources in immigrant businesses: The case of Korean immigrant businesses in Chicago. International Migration Review, 25(2), 303–332.
Yuengert, A. M. (1995). Testing hypotheses of immigrant self-employment. Journal of Human Resources, 30(1), 194–204.
Zarrugh, L. (2007). From workers to owners: Latino entrepreneurs in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Human Organization, 66(3), 240–248.
Zhou, M.2004. Revisiting Ethnic Entrepreneurship: Convergencies, Controversies, and Conceptual Advancements1. International Migration Review, 38(3), 1040–74.
Metadata
Title
Entrepreneurship by immigrants: a review of existing literature and directions for future research
Author
Ratan J. S. Dheer
Publication date
20-03-2018
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal / Issue 3/2018
Print ISSN: 1554-7191
Electronic ISSN: 1555-1938
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-018-0506-7

Other articles of this Issue 3/2018

International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal 3/2018 Go to the issue

OriginalPaper

Mapping the strategic factor market for sport entrepreneurship

OriginalPaper

Theories of economic and social exchange in entrepreneurial partnerships: an agenda for future research

OriginalPaper

Strategic entrepreneurship: Content, process, context, and outcomes

OriginalPaper

On the boundaries of social entrepreneurship: a review of relationships with related research domains

OriginalPaper

Women’s entrepreneurship: A model of business-family interface and performance

BookReview

Gideon Maas and Paul Jones (eds): Entrepreneurship centres: global perspectives on their contributions to higher education institutions

Premium Partner

    Image Credits