Environmental radiation monitoring around uranium ore deposits and mining sites in India: An overview

There are many low grade uranium ore deposits identified in different states of India. Mining and ore processing operations have been undertaken at several locations in the eastern province of Jharkhand since the past several decades. Mining and processing of ore also commenced recently at a site in the southern state of Andhra Pradesh. Other deposits are in different stages of exploration and development. Monitoring for natural radiation and radon has been an integral part of the environmental surveillance at the ore deposits and mining sites. To supplement departmental environmental monitoring, the baseline radiation surveys around the proposed mining sites are sometimes entrusted to educational and research institutions of excellence in the country during the past several years. This paper aims to give an overview of the radiation monitoring in the environment around the uranium ore deposits and mining sites. Gamma radiation levels and annual exposure rates in Jaduguda area and that in different states are summarized. An overview of the studies conducted for restoration of the tailings pile and role of vegetation and plants is also given. Public awareness program undertaken in the vicinity of mining sites for information of the local stakeholders is also highlighted.