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2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

5. Environmental Toxicity of CWAs and Their Metabolites

Authors : Morten Swayne Storgaard, Ilias Christensen, Hans Sanderson

Published in: Towards the Monitoring of Dumped Munitions Threat (MODUM)

Publisher: Springer Netherlands

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Abstract

This chapter reviews the environmental toxicity of CWAs and their metabolites as well as mixtures of CWAs. We used Microtox™ to generate EC50 value for 11 compounds. We observed hormetic effects for two compounds namely Triphenylarsine and Triphenylarsine oxide. None of the mixtures tested show sign of synergism. Two compounds can be characterized as very toxic as both α-chloroacetophenone (EC50 = 11.20 μg L−1) and 2-chlorovinylarsinic acid (EC50 = 31.20 μg L−1) demonstrated EC50 values below 1000 μg L−1. Several compounds can be characterized as toxic as 1,2,5-trithiepane (EC50 = 1170 μg L−1), 1,4,5-oxadithiepane (EC50 = 1700 μg L−1), phenarsazinic acid (EC50 = 5330 μg L−1) and 1,4-dithiane (EC50 = 9970 μg L−1) as these compounds demonstrated EC50 values between 1000 μg L−1 and 10,000 μg L−1. An D. magna acute LC50 for, the compound most frequently detected compound (DPA [ox]), was determined to be 100,000 μg L−1. A chronic D. magna LC5019days of 640 μg L−1 was derived for the compound. A 14-day locomotor behaviour test on adult male Zebrafish (Danio rerio) revealed altered behaviour when exposed to concentrations of 1,4,5-oxadithiepane down to 40.3 ± 2.9 μg L−1. A NOECweight and NOECmortality greater than 1533 μg L−1 was determined for 1,4,5-oxadithiepane.

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previous chapter Chemical Analysis of Dumped Chemical Warfare Agents During the MODUM Project
next chapter The Health Status of Fish and Benthos Communities in Chemical Munitions Dumpsites in the Baltic Sea
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Metadata
Title
Environmental Toxicity of CWAs and Their Metabolites
Authors
Morten Swayne Storgaard
Ilias Christensen
Hans Sanderson
Copyright Year
2018
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Book
Towards the Monitoring of Dumped Munitions Threat (MODUM)

Print ISBN: 978-94-024-1152-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-94-024-1153-9

Copyright Year: 2018

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1153-9_5