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Some Fundamental and Historical Aspects of Phenomenological Kinetics in the Solid State Studied by Thermal Analysis Read chapter Read first chapter

2013 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

2. Equilibrium Background of Processes Initiated by Heating and Ehrenfest’s Classification of Phase Transitions

Author : Pavel Holba

Published in: Thermal analysis of Micro, Nano- and Non-Crystalline Materials

Publisher: Springer Netherlands

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Abstract

For a long time, transmutations, metamorphoses, and changes of substances (of fluid and solid bodies) have been the original subject of any investigation of alchemists as well as of more recent chemists. One of the oldest schemes of classification in chemistry was dividing chemical reactions into classes of decompositions (analyses), combinations (syntheses), substitutions (single replacements), and metatheses (double displacements). The invention of heat engines turned the attention of scientists to transitions between liquid water and its steam and led to the first quantitative relationship (today known as the Clapeyron equation) in 1834 (Clapeyron E, Puissance motrice de la chaleur. J l’École R Polytechnique Vingt-troisième cahier Tome XIV:153–190, 1834) describing the phase transformation and later to the foundation of thermodynamics as a new discipline of physics by William Thomson, later Lord Kelvin (An account of Carnot’s theory of the motive power of heat – with numerical results deduced from Regnault’s experiments on steam. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 16:541--574 (1849) and Clausius (Über die bewegende Kraft der Wärme und die Gesetze, welche sich daraus für die Wärmelehre selbst ableiten lassen. Pogg. Ann. (Annalen der Physik) 79:368–397, 500–524 (S. 372), 1850).

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previous chapter Some Fundamental and Historical Aspects of Phenomenological Kinetics in the Solid State Studied by Thermal Analysis
next chapter Crystal Defects and Nonstoichiometry Contributions to Heat Capacity of Solids
Footnotes
1
The condenser as a substantial part of steam engine was patented by Watt in 1769.
 
2
Degree of conversion in the case of homogeneous reactions.
 
3
See Chap.​ 3 in this book.
 
4
The name is taken from Mats Hillert’s book [31].
 
5
The name is taken from Hillert [31].
 
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3.
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Cagniard de la Tour C (1822) Exposé de quelques résultats obtenus par l’action combinée de la chaleur et de la compression sur certains liquides, tels que l’eau, l’alcool, l’éther sulfurique et l’es-sence de pétrole rectifiée. Ann Chim Phys 21(1822):127–132, 178–182
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Metadata
Title
Equilibrium Background of Processes Initiated by Heating and Ehrenfest’s Classification of Phase Transitions
Author
Pavel Holba
Copyright Year
2013
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Book
Thermal analysis of Micro, Nano- and Non-Crystalline Materials

Print ISBN: 978-90-481-3149-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-90-481-3150-1

Copyright Year: 2013

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3150-1_2

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